ADVICE T O DESIGNERS

DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONS OF AN ECCENTRICALLY LOADED FOUNDATION

A. N. Gaidukov UDC 624.15.04

At the present time, many design organizations, and also technical personnel from
trusts, who do not possess computers, calculate eccentrically loaded foundations "manually"
by the me=hod of selection and approximation; this requires significant outlays of time and
does not make it possible to maximize use to the soil's bearing capacity.
The proposed method essentially eliminates these drawbacks and makes it possible to de-
termine both rapidly and simultaneously the dimensions of the lower surface of the foundation
and the design strength of the soil beneath it, which corresponds to the dimensions of the
foundation and the physicomechanical properties of the soil. Accozding to section 2.49 of
Construction Norms and Regulation (SNIP) 2.02.01-83 [I], the edge pressure on the soil near
the edge of the lower surface of an eccentrically loaded foundation subjected to a bending
moment along the foundation should not exceed 1.2R, i.e.,
(1)
,,2 ~ < - -Ni+- -Q + ~M ,

where N is the design load acting on the foundation; Q, design load due to the weight of the
foundation and the weight of the soil on its edges; F, area of the foundation's lower surface;
M, moment about the principal axis of the foundation due to the assigned design loads; W,
resisting moment of the lower surface of the foundation; and R, computed resistance of the
soil as determined from Eq. (7) of [i].
Let us write condition (i) as an equation in developed form

N+Q M (2)
1,2YcIy~/k[Mv kzbVn+MqdiY~i + (M#+ l)dbY~l + McCn - T + W"

Given the relationship m = b/£, the values that enter into the right side of (2) can al-
so be expressed in terms of the foundation's length £. Then, b = m£, the area of the founda-
tion F = b£ = m£ 2, the moment created by the resistance of the lower surface of the founda-
tion
(3)
W = b [2/6 = rn 1316,

and the weight of the foundation and the soil on its edges
(4)
Q = b l ~ Yav= mlZd, Va~

where Yav is the average specific gravity of the foundation material and soil (Yav = 20 kN/
m3).
We can denote

A = 1,2YcIYc2/kM v kz'fn,
B = 1,2 v~, v~2/k [Mqd~ V'n + (Mq-- l)d~ V~,M~ q,].

For basement-free structures

......... Orgstroi Trust. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. I, pp.
19-20, January-February, 1987.

0038-0741/87/2401-0023512.50 O 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation 23

 B = 1 , 2 % t Yc2/k[Mqd~ y'. + M~cH];
1,2R~AmI + B.

Substituting the values of b, F, W, Q, A, and B in equality (2), we obtain

(5)
N+ml2dtYav 6M
AmI + B-- m l2 + m-'lS;
Am~14+ Bml3--Nl--mltdt yav--6M=O;
14 Am~ + l a ( B m - - m d t Y a ~ - - l N - - 6 M = O .

In general form the incomplete equation of fourth degree:

(6)
al4+~la~y1--6=O,

where

---- A m'Z; ~ ----Bm --rn dl Yav;

y----N; ~ = 6 M ,

Examination of Eq. (6) from [2] indicates that of the four roots, only one is positive,
and the rest negative.
The positive root is found by selection using MK-44, MK-51, BZ-34, and other microcal-
culators.
Using a programmable "Elektronik BZ-34" microcalculator, this problem can be solved
automatically by the following program:
(7)
00. I 01. 3 02. P7 03. KPP7 04. IP 4 05. 1
06. --07. P4 08. IP6 09. P5 I0. KPP7 II. IP 4
12. S/P 13. IP4 14. IF5 15. + 16. P4 17. IPA
18. 19. IPV 20. --}- 21. IP 4 22. F x =" 23. ×
24. IPS 25. -- 26. IP 4 27. x 28. IPD 29. --
30. P l 31. Fx>~O 32. 13 33. v / O

The following initial data are entered in the memory registers:

a in RA; ~ in RB; y in RC; 6 in RD; 0 in R4; 1 in Rb; 0.1 in R6; 0 in RI; and, 0 in RT.
In the case of the simultaneous effect of bending moments along the X and Y axes, the
edge pressure at a corner point of the foundation should not exceed I.bR, i.e.,
(8)
1,5 R<~.(P -I- Q)/F + Mx/Wu + M#IWx.

Given =he ratio of sides m = b/£ and performing calculations similar to those performed
earlier, we obtain the following types of equations for basement-free structures:
(9)
AmS ld + B ~S lS--N ml--m~ ISdz y~v--6mMx--6Mu=O,
where

A = !,5y~t yc2/kMvkz %1;

B ----1,5Yet Yc2/k(M#d~ ¥11+ McCn),

and in general form, an incomplete equation of fourth degree, similar to (6)

ald + ~ l'--y I--6=O.

24
where
a=m~A; ~3=m~(B--d,?a~; y=mN;
~ = 6 (mMx + M~).

This equation is also solved by the method of selection, or by program (7) on a BZ-34
microcalculator.
Example: initial data are: 7'II = 17 kN/m,; YII = 18 kN/m,; ~ = 20°; cii = 20 kPa;
Yav = 20 k N / m , ; d s = 0; d, = 3 m; N = 2750 kN; M = 380 kNm.
Given the ratio of the foundation's sides m = b/£ = 0.75, Yc. = 1.25, Yc2 = l, K = I,
My = 0.51, Mq = 3.06, M c = 5.66, and K z = 1 according to the Construction Norms and Regula-
tions [i].
Let us calculate the values:

1.25.1
A= I ' 2 Yc| ~/c2/kMvk~YlI=l'2 l 0 , 5 1 . I . 1 8 ----- 13.17.

B = 1,2 Y¢I Yc2/k [Mqdl ¥II 4- M¢ On] ----

1.25. I
= 1.2 - - [ 3 , 0 6 - 3 . 1 7 4- 5.66.20] ----403.89.
I
a= A m =--- 13.17.0.75 = = 7.58.
= Bm--real ~ v = 4 0 3 . 8 9 - 0 . 7 5 - - 0 . 7 5 - 3 - 2 0 = 257.90.
¥=N=2750; 6=6M=6.580----3480.

Substituting the values of u, 8, Y, and ~ in (6), we obtain 7.5814 + 257.91' -- 27501 --

3480 = O. Let us solve this equation by selecting £ in tabular form:

i, m 4.0 2.0 ' 3.0 3.7

Result of equation's
solut ion 3966 -6795 i -910 829

Let us set £ = 3.7, b = m = 0.75,3.7 = 2.77 m, b = 2.7 m, F = 2.7.3.7 = 9.99 m 2, W =

6.16 ms, and

N 4- Q NI 2750 q- 9 . 9 9 . 3 . 2 0 580
PSO-- F "+" W - - 9.99 4- 6.16 - - 335.2 4- 94.16.

L e t us assume the following: 1.2R = A b + B = 13.17"2.7 + 403.89 = 439.4 kPa; Pso.max =

429.4 kPa < 1.2R = 439.4 kPa; and, Pso.min = 241 kPa.
This same example can be solved using program (7) on a BZ-34 microcalculator. After
introducting the program to the microcalculator, let us enter the initial data in the memory
registers: ~ = 7.58 in RA, ~ = 257.9 in RB; y = 2750 in RC; ~ 3480 in RD; 0.00 in R4, £ in
Rb, 0.i in R6, 0.00 in R7, and 0.00 in RI. We can start the program and have the following
result every 3 min on the display: 3.7.

LITERATURE CITED

i, Construction Norm and Regulation (SNIP) 2.02.01-83. Foundation Beds for Buildings and
Structures.
2. B. P. Demidovlch and I. A. Maron, Fundamentals of Computational Mathematics [in Rus-
siam], Nauka, Moscow (1970).

25