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Physics I

Tudor Ciobanu, s184476, GE2018


November 2018

1 Introduction
This document contains all relevant equations, formulas, plots and diagrams
with respect to the concepts learnt in this course.

2 Kinematics in 1D, 2D and 3D


∆~r = r~2 − r~1
dx
vx =
dt
dv d2 x
ax = =
dt dt
∆x
vx =
∆t
∆vx
ax =
∆t
Z t
x(t) = x0 + vx (t0 )dt0
t0
Z t
vx (t) = vx0 + ax (t0 )dt0
t0
vol = vom + vml

2.1 Constant acceleration


vx (t) = vx0 + ax t
ax
x = x0 + vx0 t + t2
2
vx2 − vx0
2
= 2ax (x − x0 )

1
2.2 Projectile motion
2
vy0
H = y0 +
2g
v02
R= sin2θ0
g
v02
Rm ax =
g
R
thang =
v0 cosθ0

3 Force
n
X
F~net = F~i
i=1

F~net = m~a
F~1→
− 2 = −F~2→−1
fk = µk N
fs ≤ µs N = fs,max
Fdrag = Kv 2
1
K = cd Aρ
2
Fs = −kx

4 Energy, Work & Power


1
K= mv 2
2
∆K = W
W = F~ ∆~r = |F~ ||∆~r|cosθ0
Xn
Wnet = Wi
i=1
Z x
W = Fx (x0 )dx0
x0
dW
P = = F vcosα
dt
Ug = mgh
∆U = −W
Wf = ∆K + ∆U

2
5 Momentum & Impulse
p~ = m~v
Z tf
~j = ∆~p= F~ dt
ti

j = F ave ∆t
d
F~ = p~
dt
p2
K=
2m
p = p~f − p~i
∆~
p~f 1 + p~f 2 = p~i1 + p~i2

5.1 Equal Masses


pf 1,x = pi2,x
pf 2,x = p2 i1, x
vf 1,x = vi2,x
vf 2,x = vi1,x

5.2 One Object Initially at Rest


pi1,x = 0
2m1
pf 1,x = ( )pi2,x
m1 + m2
m2 − m1
pf 2,x =( )pi2,x
m1 + m2
2m2
vf 1,x =( )vi2,x
m1 + m2
m2 − m1
vf 2,x =( )vi2,x
m1 + m2

5.3 Collisions with Walls


θi = θf

5.4 Totally Inelastic Collision


m1~vi1 + m2~vi2
~vf =
m1 + m2
1 m1 m2
Kloss = Ki − Kf = (~vi1 − ~vi2 )2
2 m1 + m2

3
5.5 Ballistic pendulum
m
v= vb
m+M
m
K= Kb
m+M
1 m2
Umax = ( )v 2
2 m+M b
m+Mp
vb = 2gl(1 − cosθ
m

5.6 Explosions
n
X
p~i = p~f k
k=1

m1~vf 1 + m2 + ~vf 2
~vi =
m1 + m2
1 m1 m2
Krelease = Kf − Ki = (~vf 1 − ~vf 2 )2
2 m1 + m2

5.7 Partially Inelastic Collisions


|f~f 1 − ~vf 2 |
=
~vi1 − ~vi2
vf 2 = vi2

5.8 Partially Inelastic Collision with a Wall


θf > θi

6 Center of mass
6.1 Combined Center of Mass for Two Objects
~ = ~r1 m1 + ~r2 m2
R
m1 + m2

4
6.2 Combined Center of Mass for Several Objects
n
~ 0 = ~r0 1
X
~ +R
R ~ri mi
M i=1
n
~ = 1
X
V p~i
M i=1
n
X
P~ = p~i
i=1

d ~
P = F~net
dt

6.3 Rocket motion


vc ∆m
∆vn = −
m0 − n∆m
dv vc
=−
dm m
m0
v(m) = vf − vi = vc ln( )
m
d~v dm
m = −~v
dt dt
dm
F~thrust = −~vc
dt

6.4 Center of mass for arbitrarily shaped objects


Z
~ = 1
R ~rρ(~r)dV
M V

6.4.1 Spherical Coordinates


x = rcosφsinθ
y = rsinφsinθ
z = rcosφ
p
r = x2 + y 2 + z 2
z
θ = cos− 1( p )
x + y2 + z2
2

y
φ = tan− 1( )
x

5
Figure 1: Spherical coordinates

6.5 Cylindrical Coordinates


x = r⊥ cosφ
y = r⊥ sinφ
z=z
p
r⊥ = x2 + y 2
y
φ = tan− 1( )
x
z=z

6.6 Volume Integrals


Z Z zm ax Z ym ax Z xm ax
f (~r)dV = ( ( f (~r)dx)dy)dz
V zm in ym in xm in
Z Z rmax Z φmax Z θmax
f (~r)dV = ( ( f (~r)sinθdθ)dφ)r2 dr
V rmin φmin θmin
Z Z zmax Z φmax Z r⊥max
f (~r)dV = ( ( f (~r)r⊥ dr⊥ )dφ)dz
V zmin φmin r⊥min

6
Figure 2: Cylindrical coordinates

6.7 Center of Mass for One- and Two-Dimensional Ob-


jects
Z
1
X= xσ(~r)dA
M A
Z
1
Y = yσ(~r)dA
M A
Z
M= σ(~r)dA
A
Z
1
X= xdA
A A
Z
1
Y = ydA
A A
Z
1
X= xλ(x)dx
M L
Z
M= λ(x)dx
L

7 Circular Motion
∆θ = θ2 − θ1
s = rθ
∆θ
ω=
∆t

ω=
dt

7
ω 2π
f= ⇐⇒ ω = 2πf ⇐⇒ ω =
2π T
~v = rω t̂
v = rω
dω d2 ω
α= = 2
dt dt
q
a = a2t + a2c

v2
ac = vω = = ω2 r
r
v2
Fc = mac = mvω = m = mω 2 r
r
1
θ = θ0 + ω0 t + αt2
2
ω = ω0 + αt
ω 2 − ω02 = 2α(θ − θ0 )

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