Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Ainul Hizriadi
Information Technology Department
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Medan, Indonesia
ainul.hizriadi@gmail.com
Abstract— The soil fertility of plantation area is vital for The use of control system, especially smart sensor, has
determining the farmers' success in producing rice. Several been found in various aspects of life, the control system is
factors of the rice plants environment are mandatory to be used to facilitate human work such as in industrial,
monitored to achieve the maximum quality of the harvests. manufacturing, healthcare, and agricultural and plantation.
Today, the use of control systems are widely encountered in Smart sensor is a sensor that is more easily applied and
various aspects of life, manual measurements to determine the integrated with other electronic devices, supports the latest
environmental conditions of rice plants will be less efficient in technology, the smaller the size, and has a higher sensitivity
terms of time. Therefore, a system is required that is able to value [2]. The development of control system enables to
monitor the rice crops in real time. The method implemented in improve system performance and optimize the result of this
the research was supported by several parameters such as research that is in the agricultural sector. The main obstacle
changes in humidity, temperature, pH, soil moisture and light in the rice cultivation development is the problem of
intensity. Data of every sensor will be stored in the database environmental factors such as changes in temperature, pH,
and farmers can receive notification on plantation area humidity and light intensity that can affect the product
monitoring in the form of SMS Gateway. These sensors will be quality and could lead to losses.
placed in several locations on the field to improve the
measurement accuracy. Based on the 1-week test, all sensors The agricultural sector is very vulnerable to climate
generated stable values and average errors of pH at 1.99 change because it affects cropping patterns, planting time,
temperature at 1.29%, air humidity at 0.54%, soil moisture at production, and yield quality. [3] Climate is closely related to
0.31%, and light intensity at 0.49%. The result of the test was climate change, and global warming can reduce agricultural
aligned with the architecture, and all sensors showed that the production at around 5 – 20% [4]. One of the actions to
monitoring went well. achieve optimal rice yield is to control the growth
environment of rice plants. Growth environments include
Keywords— real-time monitoring, rice, smart sensor, soil, water, air, sunlight, and many more.
GSM/GPRS, arduino uno, SMS gateway A monitoring system for agricultural land conditions
should be developed to help farmers obtain information on
the measurement of pH, humidity, temperature, light
I. INTRODUCTION intensity and soil moisture to minimize crop failure. Through
Rice is a plant that plays a vital role in the life of this type of system, farmers can monitor and calculate the
Indonesian people because most of its people consume rice as required fertilization for the plants to achieve maximum
the staple food. This led to the rice plants becoming the most harvest. The process of fertilization conducts in excess, or
widely-produced plants in Indonesia. lack of will affect the production process of rice crops.
Agricultural also has a significant role in the nation's The system to be created by the authors is
economic development. The agricultural sector is not only as "Implementation of Real-Time Monitoring on Agricultural
a provider of food needs, but also a source of livelihood for Land of Rice Plant Using Smart Sensor." The parameters
the population. Although Indonesia is one of the largest used are soil moisture measurement which can be performed
countries regarding the area, the rice production of the using soil moisture sensor, acidity measurement using pH
country is not enough to cover the demand for this food meter analog sensor, light intensity using LDR sensor, and air
staple resulting the government to import the rice every year temperature and humidity using a DHT11 sensor which will
through Indonesian Bureau of Logistics. If the area of harvest utilize Arduino Uno microcontroller. This method can be
and rate of population growth remain, then to the anticipated applied to obtain more accurate data and faster time, to make
the increase in demand for rice in 2030, rice production predictions of rice productivity through direct monitoring.
should rise at least 30% or to at least 6.5 tonnes/ha compared This system can help the farmers to understand the rice field
with the last ten years data of Statistics Indonesia which was condition in short time so that farmers can decide the best
at 5.0 ton / ha [1]. action for the plants' fertilization based on the monitoring
results.
The fertility level of agricultural land will affect the pH sensor for measuring the acidity level of the rice field, the
growth and productivity of rice crops. To achieve maximum LDR sensor for measuring the light intensity, the DHT11
yields of rice crops, farmers should always pay attention to sensor for measuring temperature and humidity of the air,
several factors of the rice plant growing environments, which while soil moisture sensor used to measure the humidity of
are changes in humidity, temperature, pH, soil moisture and the rice field.
light intensity. Since the manual measurement will be less
efficient in terms of time, therefore a system is required to The smart sensor can be remotely controlled because it
monitor the environmental factors that can affect the quality uses SIM800L which will send the monitoring results to the
of rice field in real time. user. Each sensor will take the value from the measurements
of the field, and the data from the monitoring will be stored
Rice crops can be well cultivated in the dry season with on the database server that has been configured so it can be
the help of irrigation water while in the rainy season it is vital accessed via the website address
to control the amount of water available. In lowland, rice http://monitoringpadi.000webhostapp.com/. The monitoring
plants require a height of 0-650 m above sea level with a result will be sent to the users in the form of SMS gateway.
temperature of 22-27 ° C while in the plateau is at 650-1500 Every 8 hours, the sensor will take the data and send the
m above sea level with a temperature of 19-23 ° C.. Rice monitoring results of agricultural land conditions to the
plants require full sun exposure without shade. Wind affects farmers.
pollination and fertilization, but if the wind is too strong, it
will knock down the plants. The soil acidity for rice plants B. General Architecture
ranged from pH 4.0 - 7.0. The general architecture is a chart that illustrates the
process, flow and interaction between components of a
Real-time monitoring of the quality of rice crop system The inputs of this study were obtained from various
agricultural land to obtain data on the changes in pH, data taker of pH, soil moisture, air temperature, air humidity,
temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil moisture using and light intensity in rice fields. The output will be generated
Arduino microcontroller on the sensor network. in the form of web-based monitoring applications for the
In 2014, a study was conducted by Eko Ihsanto and Sadri admin and SMS Gateway notifications every 8 hours for the
Hidayat under the title "Design of a pH Meter Measurement farmers. The general architecture of this study can be seen in
System Using an Arduino Uno Microcontroller." In this Fig. 1.
study, Arduino and Android connections to send float data
using Bluetooth module HC-06 and to display the results of
its monitoring using a Blueterm application in android [5].
Another research was performed by C. H. Chavan and
P.V.Karande with the title of "Wireless Monitoring of Soil
Moisture, Temperature & Humidity Using Zigbee in
Agriculture." The study was wireless monitoring of
environmental conditions in the form of temperature,
humidity, and soil moisture using AVR as a microcontroller.
The system used LCD [6]. Jimmi Martin, Erwin Susanto, and
Unang Sunarya conducted research on "pH Control and Soil
Humidity Based Fuzzy Logic Using Microcontroller." In the
research, fuzzy logic control system was applied to control
the sensors and coordinate with the pump so that the pH and
humidity control system can run well [7].
Yamping Wang and Zongtao Chi conducted a study
entitled System of Wireless Temperature and Humidity
Monitoring Based on Arduino Uno Platform. The research
applied AVR as the microprocessor and DHTI1 sensor to
measure the temperature and air humidity. The system
generated the measurements of the temperature and air
humidity, and give warning in the form of a bell sound and
blinked LED if the temperature and air humidity are not in
accordance with the pre-determined standard [8]. Lim et al
performed a research that aimed to create a wireless
telemetry system to be used in the field of agriculture. The
study applied Arduino as the microprocessor in conjunction Fig. 1. General architecture.
with sensors to measure environmental factors namely the
temperature, humidity and soil moisture[9]. Another research III. RESULT AND IMPLEMENTATION
also conducted to monitoring the process of red onion in
hydroponics environment[10]. A. Implementation
The system was built with C ++ and PHP programming
language using the library of dht11.h, GSM.h, highcharts.js,
II. ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM DESIGN and SoftwareSerial.h. The tools implementation at the rice
field to monitor the condition of rice plants from changes in
A. System Analysis pH level, air humidity, temperature, soil moisture, and light
In this study we use several sensors, they are described as intensity was conducted for seven days. The implementation
DHT11 sensor used to measure temperature and humidity, of the tool was performed on the uncultivated rice field and
Sensor pH ETP306, to measure pH, LDR sensor used to cultivated rice field.
estimate the intensity of light and Soil Moisture Sensor used
to measure soil moisture. This smart sensor consists of
several sensors combined into one, the sensor comprising a
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2019 The 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer Engineering (ELTICOM)
Fig. 4. SMS sample. Based on the test result shown in Table 2, the average
error of sensor readings using the tools compared to manual
For the admin interface, it utilizes a web-based measurement is 1.99%.
application that will display the values of air humidity sensor,
light intensity sensor, temperature sensor, soil moisture TABLE III. TEMPERATURE SENSOR TEST
sensor, and pH sensor in a graphic form. The application is to
monitor the needs of the field and will be updated Day Tools Manual % Error
periodically every 8 hours. The result of the monitoring is in I 27 26 3.84
the form of graph as shown in Fig. 5.
II 28 28.5 1.75
III 28 28 0.00
IV 27 27 0.00
V 30 30.5 1.63
VI 27 27.5 1.81
VII 28 28 0.00
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2019 The 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer Engineering (ELTICOM)
Based on the test, the average error of air humidity sensor VI 84 84.1 0.11
reading of the tools compared to standard equipment is
0.54%. The detail of the test is shown in Table 4. VII 85 85 0.00
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