OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

 What is phonetics? What is phonology?

 Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, or in

the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Meanwhile, phonology is

also is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds

in spoken languages and signs in sign languages. It used to be only the study of the

systems of phonemes in spoken languages (and therefore used to be also called

phonemics, or phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a

level beneath the word (including syllable, onset and rime, articulatory gestures,

articulatory features, mora, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound or signs are

structured to convey linguistic meaning.

THESIS STATEMENT

 Based on the speech of non-native eglish speakers, I’ll be analysing speech from

the aspect of segmental, the aspect of suprasegmental and causes as well as the

solutions to the problem.

TOPIC SENTENCE 1

 The errors in the aspect of segmental

SUPPORTING DETAILS

 mispronouncing the /ð/ and /θ/ sounds with the /d/ and /t/ sounds respectively.

o in Malay, there are no /ð/ and /θ/ sounds.

o /ð/ and /d/ sounds similar.

 o For example, the word ‘their’ should be pronounced as / ðeə / but instead,

the speaker pronounced it as / deə /.

o Also the pronunciation of ‘the’ word which supposed to be pronounced

as /ðiː/ instead of /də/

 Mispronouncing the /æ/ sound with the /e/ sound.

o the speaker could not differentiate between the sound /e/ and /æ/

o in Malay, the /æ/ sound does not exist (How, Chan & Ain Nadzimah, 2015).

o For example, the vowel sound for the word ‘had’ is /æ/ but the speaker

pronounced it as /e/.

o the mother tongue influence has affected a non-native speaker’s speech.

o the transcription for the word ‘had’ should be / hæd / but the speaker

pronounced it as / hed / as it is similar with the pronunciation for Malaysian

language.

 Error in the plural morphemes for voiced consonant phonemes

o when a word is plural and the last consonant sound is voiced, the plural

morpheme would be /z/.

o the word ‘rubies’ is transcribed as / ˈruːbiz / with the /z/ as a bound

morpheme.

o the speaker pronounced it as / ˈruːbis / with the /s/ as the bound morpheme.

TOPIC SENTENCE 2

 The errors in the aspect of suprasegmental

 SUPPORTING DETAILS

 The used of elision in connected speech.

o the speaker used elision in his speech.

o The word ‘fɜːst’ and ‘bɔːl is pronounced as fɜːs bɔːl in rapid speech..

o The speaker omit the /t/ sound in his speech

o the use of contraction could also be heard in his fast speech.

 put the stress on the wrong syllable

o the correct place of stress for the word beautiful is on the first syllable which is

on the ‘beau-’, but the speaker stressed on the second syllable which is on

the ‘ti-‘.

o The correct stress is like in the transcription /ˈbjuːtəfʊl/, instead of /bjuː

ˈtəfʊl/.

TOPIC SENTENCE 3

 Causes and solutions of the problems

SUPPORTING DETAILS

 The causes.

o because of the mother tongue influence

o Malaysian speaker tend to make mistakes in pronouncing because of the

different dialect we have in Malay language; Kelantan dialect, Terengganu

dialect and others.

o lack of exposure about stress, intonation and rhythm

 o Malay is a syllable-timed language, English is a stress-timed language

 The solutions

o to deal with mother tongue influence, make people to be aware of it,

o keep on practising and correcting them.

o Practising by continuously learning how to articulate English sounds.

o by learning the English phonology

o by exposing oneself with the subject (e.g: stress and intonation)

CONCLUSION

o As a non-native speaker, we will encounter these problems by….

o We (non-native English speakers) are influenced by our mother tongue even

when speaking English.

o problems ought to be overcome because we are about to teach new

generation to be competent in English.