Project

 Management  Processes  

Project  Management  is  the  applica3on  of  knowledge,  

skills,  tools  and  techniques  to  projects’  ac3vi3es  to  
meet  project  requirements.  This  applica3on  of  
knowledge  requires  the  effec3ve  management  of  
appropriate  processes.  
 
Project  management  processes  describe,  organize,  and  
complete  the  work  of  the  project.  The  project  
management  processes  that  are  applicable  to  most  
projects,  most  of  the  3me,  will  be  described  in  our  
session.  
 
 Project  Management  Processes  

A  process  is  a  set  of  inter  related  ac3ons  and  ac3vi3es  

performed  to  achieve  a  pre-­‐specified  product,  result,  or  
service.  Each  process  is  characterized  by  its  inputs,  the  
tools  and  techniques  that  can  be  applied,  and  the  
resul3ng  outputs.  
 
The  project  manager  must  consider  organiza3onal  
process  assets  and  enterprise  environmental  factors  
even  if  they  are  not  explicitly  listed  as  inputs  in  the  
process  specifica3on.  
 
 
 Project  Management  Processes  
In  order  for  a  project  to  be  successful,  the  project  team  
must:  
 
Select  appropriate  processes  required  to  meet  the  
project’s  objec3ves,    
use  a  defined  approach  that  can  be  adopted  to  meet  
requirements,    
comply  with  requirements  to  meet  stakeholders’  needs  
and  expecta3ons,  and    
balance  the  compe3ng  demands  of  scope,  3me,  cost,  
quality,  resources,  and  risk  to  produce  the  specified  
product,  service,  or  result.    
 Project  Management  Processes  

Project  managers  and  their  teams  should  carefully  

address  each  process  and  its  cons3tuent  input  and  
output.    
 
This  effort  is  known  as  Tailoring.  
 
 
 
 Project  Management  Processes  
Project  management  is  an  integra3ve  undertaking  
requiring  each  project  and  product  process  to  be  
appropriately  aligned  and  connected  with  the  others  
processes  to  facilitate  coordina3on.    
 
Ac3ons  taken  during  one  process  typically  affect  that  
process  and  other  related  processes.  For  example,  a  
scope  change  typically  affects  project  cost,  but  may  not  
affect  the  communica3on  plan  or  product  quality.  
Successful  project  management  includes  ac3vely  
managing  these  interac3ons  to  meet  sponsor,  
customer,  and  other  stakeholder  requirements.  
 Project  Management  Process  Groups  
Project  management  processes  are  grouped  into  five  
categories  known  as  project  management  process  
groups.  
 
Ini1a1ng  process  group:  performed  to  define  a  new  
project  or  a  new  phase  of  an  exis3ng  project  by  
obtaining  authoriza3on  to  start  the  project  or  phase.  
 
Planning  process  group:  required  to  establish  the  
scope  of  the  project,  refine  the  objec3ves,  and  define  
the  course  of  ac3on  required  to  aLain  the  objec3ves  
that  the  project  was  undertaken  to  achieve.  
 Project  Management  Process  Groups  
Execu1ng  process  group:  performed  to  complete  the  
work  defined  in  the  project  management  plan  to  sa3sfy  
the  project  specifica3ons.    
 
Monitoring  and  controlling  process  group:  required  to  
track,  review,  and  regulate  the  progress  and  
performance  of  the  project;  iden3fy  any  areas  in  which  
changes  to  the  plan  are  required;  and  ini3ate  the  
corresponding  changes.  
 
Closing  process  group:  performed  to  finalize  all  
ac3vi3es  across  all  process  groups  to  formally  close  and  
accept  the  project  or  phase.  
Project  Management  Process  Groups  
 Project  Management  Process  Groups  

Within  each  process  group,  the  individual  processes  are  

linked  by  their  inputs  and  outputs.    
 
Inputs—documents  or  documentable  items  that  will  be  
acted  upon.  
Tools  and  techniques—mechanisms  applied  to  the  
inputs  to  create  the  outputs.  
Outputs—documents  or  documentable  items  that  are  a  
result  of  the  process.  
 
 
 Project  Management  Process  Groups  

Process  Groups  are  not  Project  Phases  

 
As  projects  are  separated  in  into  dis3nct  phases  or  sub  
projects  such  as  feasibility  study,  concept  
development,  design,  build,  test,  etc.,  all  of  the  process  
groups  would  normally  be  repeated  for  each  phase  or  
sub  project.  
 
 
Project  Management  Process  
Interac1ons  

Links  among  Process  Groups  in  a  Phase  

Project  Management  Process  
Interac1ons  

Overlap  of  Process  Groups  in  a  Phase  

Project  Management  Process  
Interac1ons  

Interac:on  between  Phases  

Project  Management  Knowledge  Areas  

Project  Integra:on  Management  

Project  Scope  Management  
Project  Time  Management  
Project  Cost  Management  
Project  Quality  Management  
Project  Human  resource  Management  
Project  Communica:ons  Management  
Project  Risk  Management  
Project  Procurement  Management  
Project  Stakeholders  Management  
 Project  Integra1on  Management  

Project  Integra3on  Management  includes  the  

processes  and  ac3vi3es  needed  to  iden3fy,  define,  
combine,  unify,  and  coordinate  the  various  
processes  and  project  management  ac3vi3es  within  
the  Project  Management  Process  Groups.    
 
In  the  project  management  context,  integra3on  
includes  characteris3cs  of  unifica3on,  consolida3on,  
ar3cula3on,  and  integra3ve  ac3ons  that  are  crucial  
to  project  comple3on,  successfully  managing  
stakeholder  expecta3ons,  and  mee3ng  
requirements.  
 Project  Scope  Management  

Project  Scope  Management  includes  the  

processes  required  to  ensure  that  the  project  
includes  all  the  work  required,  and  only  the  work  
required,  to  complete  the  project  successfully.    
 
Managing  the  project  scope  is  primarily  
concerned  with  defining  and  controlling  what  is  
and  is  not  included  in  the  project.  
 Project  Time  Management  

Project  Time  Management  includes  the  

processes  required  to  accomplish  3mely  
comple3on  of  the  project.    
 
 
 
 Project  Cost  Management  

Project  Cost  Management  includes  the  processes  

involved  in  es3ma3ng,  budge3ng,  and  controlling  
costs  so  that  the  project  can  be  completed  within  
the  approved  budget.  
 
 
 Project  Quality  Management  

Project  Quality  Management  includes  the  processes  

and  ac3vi3es  of  the  performing  organiza3on  that  
determine  quality  policies,  objec3ves,  and  
responsibili3es  so  that  the  project  will  sa3sfy  the  needs  
for  which  it  was  undertaken.    
 
It  implements  the  quality  management  system  through  
policy  and  procedures  with  con3nuous  process  
improvement  ac3vi3es  conducted  throughout,  as  
appropriate.    
 
 Project  Human  Resource  Management  

Project  Human  Resource  Management  includes  the  

processes  that  organize,  manage,  and  lead  the  project  
team.    
 
The  project  team  is  comprised  of  the  people  with  
assigned  roles  and  responsibili3es  for  comple3ng  the  
project.    
 Project  Communica1ons  Management  

Project  Communica3ons  Management  includes  the  

processes  required  to  ensure  3mely  and  appropriate  
genera3on,  collec3on,  distribu3on,  storage,  retrieval,  
and  ul3mate  disposi3on  of  project  informa3on.  
 Project  Risk  Management  

Project  Risk  Management  includes  the  processes  of  

conduc3ng  risk  management  planning,  iden3fica3on,  
analysis,  response  planning,  and  monitoring  and  
control  on  a  project.    
 
The  objec3ves  of  Project  Risk  Management  are  to  
increase  the  probability  and  impact  of  posi3ve  events,  
and  decrease  the  probability  and  impact  of  nega3ve  
events  in  the  project.  
 Project  Procurement  Management  

Project  Procurement  Management  includes  the  

processes  necessary  to  purchase  or  acquire  products,  
services,  or  results  needed  from  outside  the  project  
team  to  perform  the  work.    
 
Project  Procurement  Management  includes  the  
contract  management  and  change  control  processes  
required  to  develop  and  administer  contracts  or  
purchase  orders  issued  by  authorized  project  team  
members.  
 Project  Stakeholders  Management  
(New)  

Includes  the  processes  required  to  Iden3fy  the  people,  

groups,  or  organiza3ons  that  could  impact  or  be  
impacted  by  the  project,  Analyze  stakeholder  
expecta3ons  and  their  impact  on  the  project  and  Develop  
appropriate  management  strategies  for  effec3vely  
engaging  stakeholders  in  project  decision  and  execu3on.  
Project  Management  Process  Groups  
and  Knowledge  Area  Mapping  
Project  Management  Process  Groups  
and  Knowledge  Area  Mapping  
 REFERENCES  

Guide  to  the  Project  Management  Body  of  Knowledge  

(PMBOK®  Guide)