CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Block Diagram
3. Block Diagram Working
4. Component Used
5. Layout
6. Circuit Diagram
7. Circuit Diagram Description
8. Application
9. Advantages/ Disadvantages
10. Future enhancement
11. Conclusion
12. Appendices
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 13. Bibliography

INTRODUCTION
Basic concept-
An answering machine or message machine, also
known as an answer phone (especially in the UK and some
Commonwealth countries), and sometimes/formerly known as an
ansaphone, ansafone or telephone answering device (TAD), is a
device invented in 1935, by Benjamin Thornton, and independently in
Switzerland by Willy Mueller. The simple recording and answering
machine, which in the absence of the Subscriber/owner of the telephone
instrument, respond to he incoming calls and also record them
automatically.
The telephone recording/answering machine is very
useful for subscribers and callers. The caller can record his message in
the machine and subscriber can hear all the incoming calls.
The telephone recording and answering machine is
consisting of following basic parts.
1. Ring detection
2. Inverter
3. Timer
4. Relay
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 5. Player and recording system

1. Ring detection- Ring detection unit consists of mono stable multi

vibrator and the decade counter. It detects the incoming ring from the
telephone line and counts the incoming rings.

2. Inverter- The output from the decade counter is come at pin 3 and,
which goes high at the beginning if the third ring. Then it inverted
and triggered the timer.

3. Timer- It is in mono stable mode. The inverter triggers it and this

i=output is fed to the led and relays.

4. Relays- There are there relays in the telephone recording/answering

machine. These are of 12v DC and 150 ohms. The timer IC energizes
the relay1. Then the dc supply is on for player.

5. Player and recording system- The player and recording system is

used to record the incoming calls and play these recording calls. For this
the dc supply is used for the player and the ac supply for recorder. In
this the player is on when any incoming calls is come then it is on and
start to play and indicate to caller that you will start your message and
then the recording is on and the call is recorded.

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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BLOCK DIAGRAM WORKING

To understand the overall working of the system, refer to

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Its block diagram shown in fig1. The incoming telephone line pair is
terminated into the ring detection unit comprising a constable flip-flop
followed by a ring counter to detect the incoming calls. After counting a
predetermined no. of rings, it triggers a timer (another mono stable flip-
flop) via an inverter. The output of timer is used for energisation of a set
of relays, which initiate the following action-
Switch on ac power to the tape recorder.
Switch on dc voltage to the tape player.
Reset the ring counter in the ring counter in the ring
detection section to make it ready for the next incoming call/ring.
However any fresh call/ring will be ignored as long as timer output stays
‘high’. The timer output also controls the ‘on’ time of the recorder and
player. The ‘on’ time can be set as per length of the message to be
recorded/ played; say, two to three minutes. Simulate off hook state of
the telephone, which is initially in on hook condition.

COMPONENT USED
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 List of components

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 S.NO COMPONENT TYPE
.
1. Semiconductor
IC1, IC4 NE555 timer
IC2 CD4017
decade counter
IC3 CD40106
invertors
IC5 CD7812
regulator +12v
T1, T2 BE 547 n p n
Transistor
D1-D7 IN4007
rectifier diode
LED1-LED2 Red LED
2. Resistors
R1 100-kilo ohm
R2,R7 4.7-kilo ohm
R3,R4,R8 10-kilo ohm
R5 33-kilo ohm
R6 2.2ohm
R9,R10 1 kilo ohm
R11 470 ohm
VR1,VR2 1-mega-ohm,
1 kilo ohm
preset
3. Capacitor
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C1,c2,c4,c5
Instrumentation
.1 uf, 25v
Engineering
ceramic disk
C3 10uf, 25v
 Theory
RESISTOR-
A resistor is a two terminal electronic component

designed to oppose an electric current by producing a voltage drop

between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is, in

accordance with Ohm’s law:

V=IR

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 Resistors are used as part of electrical networks &

electronics circuits. They are extremely common place in most

electronic component . Practical resistors can be made of various

compounds & films, as well as resistance.

The primary characteristics of resistors are their

resistance and the power they can dissipate. Other characteristics

include temperature coefficient, noise & inductance.

CAPACITOR –
A capacitor or condenser is a passive electronic

component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a

dielectric. When a voltage potential difference exists between the

conductors, an electric field is present in the dielectric. This field
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stores energy and produces a mechanical force between the plates.

An ideal capacitor is wholly characterized by a constant capacitance

C, defined as the ratio of charge Q on each conductor to the voltage V

between them:
C=Q/V

The properties of capacitor in the circuit may

determine the resonant frequency and quality factor of a resonant

circuit, power dissipation and operating frequency in a digital logic

circuit, energy capacity in a high power system, and many other

important system characteristics.

RECTIFIER-
The rectifier is used to convert the AC signal into DC
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signal. The DC supply is used in many electronic ckt. In this ckt the
rectifier is also used for supplying this voltage to the relays.

The rectifier has two types.

1. Half wave rectifier

2. Full wave rectifier

1. Half wave rectifier- In this the rectifier conducts current only

during the positive half-cycles of input ac supply. The negative half

cycles of ac supply are suppressed i.e. during negative half cycles.

2. Full wave rectifier- In this full wave rectifier, current flows

through the load in the same direction for both half cycle of input

ac voltage. This can be achieved with two diodes working

alternately.

It is of two types-

1. Centre-tap full wave rectifier

2. Full wave bridge rectifier

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 1. Centre-tap full wave rectifier- In the telephone

recording/answering machine we used the centre tap rectifier. The

ckt employs two diode D1 & D2 as shown in fig. A centre tapped

wave is used with two diodes connected so that each used one half-

cycles of input ac voltage.

OPERATION-
During the positive half-cycles of secondary voltage,
the end A of secondary wdg becomes positive and end B negative. This
makes the diode D1 forward biased and diode D2 reverse biased.
Therefore diode D1 conducts while D2 does not. The conventional
current flows is through diode D1, load resistor RL and the upper half of
secondary wdg becomes negative and B positive. Therefore D2 conducts
while D1 does not. The conventional current flows through D2,RL and
lower wdg. So both positive and negative cycles at input is becomes
positive.

T
RANSISTOR-
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 A transistor consist of two pn junction formed by
sandwiching either p type or n type semiconductor between a pair of
opposite type
N-P-N Transistor

P-N-P Transistor

A transistor has three section of doped semiconductor.

(a) Emitter: - the section on one side that supplies charge carriers is

called the emitter. The emitter is always forward biased with

respect to base.

(b)Collector: - the section on the other side that collects the charge is

called the collector biased. The collector is always reversed biased.

(c) Base: - The middle section which form two pn junction between

The emitter and collects is called the base. The base emitter

junction is forward biasing allowing low resistance for the emitter ckt.

The base collector junction is reverse biased and provides high

resistance in the collector ckt.

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OPERATION-
In the circuit there is used of two NPN transistor.
The first transistor is used for triggered the 555 IC. The signal is come
from the telephone lines and then the collector voltage is low of the
collector for just milli second and that time the 555 is triggered by is
connected to the output of the second 555 IC. This transistor is used for
the amplification of current to remove the loading effect of circuit.

555 TIMER
Pin Decription

Ground 1 5 +Vcc

Trigger 2 6 Discharge

555
Output 3 7 Threshold

Reset 4 8 Control voltage

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PIN 1- Ground: All voltage are measured with respect to this terminal.
PIN 2- trigger: the output of the timer depends on the amplitude of the
external.
PIN 3- Output: there are two ways a load can be connected to the
output terminal either between pin3 and ground pin1 or between pin3
and supply voltage +Vcc. When the output is low, the load current
flows through the load connected between pin3 and +Vcc into the
output terminal and are called the sink current.
PIN 4- Reset: Applying a negative pulse to the can reset the 555 timers.
When the reset function is not in use, the reset terminal should be to
+Vcc to avoid any possibility of false triggering.
PIN 5- Control voltage: An external voltage applied to this terminal
change the threshold as well as the trigger voltage.
PIN 6- Threshold: This is the non inverting-input terminal of
comparator 1, which monitors the voltage across the external capacitor.
PIN 7- Discharge: It is used for discharge the capacitor.
PIN 8- Vcc: The supply voltage of +5 to +18v is applied.

MONOSTABLE OPERATION:
In the ckt there is two 555-monostable multivibrator
. The first is used for comprising the ring, which is come from the
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telephone lines, is triggered by the collector of the npn transistor and
then its output is given to the CD4017 which is count the rings. Then its
output is given to the inverter IC which low output is triggered the
second 555IC and the output of this is given to the transistor which is
connected to the relay with its collector then the relay is triggered.

IC7812-
It is the voltage regulator IC. A voltage regulator is a ckt
that supplies a constant voltage regardless of change in load current.
Although voltage regulator can be designed using op-amp. It is
quicker and easier to use IC voltage regulators.

The IC voltage regulator one of the following types

 Fixed output voltage regulator positive or negative output

voltage
 Adjustable output voltage regulator; positive or negative output
voltage
 Switching regulators
 Special regulator

1. Fixed output voltage regulator(7812)-

In this project we use this IC 7812. The 7800 series
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 is consisting of three terminals positive voltage regulators with seven
voltage options. The 7812 is designes as fixed voltage regulator and
with adequate heat sinking can deliver output currents in excess of
1A. although these devices do not require external components, such
components can be used to obtain adjustable voltage and currents.
This IC has internal short ckt current limiting. The fig shows, proper
operation requires a common ground between input and output
voltage (Vin-VO), called dropout voltage must be typically 2V.

IC4017
It is five stage Johnson counters having 10 decoded outputs
that are Q0 to Q9. In this circuit we had taken output from Q3 which is
on the 7 no. pin. Inputs include a clock a reset and a clock inhibit signal.
Schmitt trigger action in the clock input circuit provides pulse shaping
that allow unlimited clock input pulse rise and fall times.

This counter is advanced 1 count at the positive CLOCK

signal transition if the CLOCK INHIBITED when the CLOCK INHIBIT
signal is high. A high reset signal clears the counter to if zero count.

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FEATURES

• Fully static operation

• Medium speed operation 10 Mhz at Vdd 10v

• Standardization, symmetrical output characteristics

• 100% tested for quiescent current at 20v

• 5v, 10v and 15v parameter rating

APPLICATIONS:

• Decade counter/decoder

• Binary counter/decoder

• Counter control/timers

• Divide – by-N counting.

• For further application information see ICAN-6166”COS/MOS

• MSI Counter and register Design and application.

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 CLOCK 14 3 “ 0”

CLOCK INHIBIT 13 2 ”1”

4 “ 2”
RESET 15
7 “ 3”

10 “4”

1 “5”

5 “6”

6 “ 7”

9 “8”

11 “9”

12

Carry out

CD4017
Functional Diagram

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 LAYOUT

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 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
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 The schematic diagram incorporating the control
circuitry, including power supply and relays, is shown in fig.2. the line
diagram, including all accessories used in the system, is shown in fig.3.

Normally, the telephone lines(in on hook position of the

hand-set) carry 50vdc. However, during ringing, the lines carry 133hz
80v ac (modulated pulses), as shown in fig.5.

Ring detection circuit comprises an input sensing

section followed by MMV and decade counter. In the input sensing
section capacitor c1 is used for dc blocking while IN4007 diode D1 is
used to rectify the ac ringing voltage. The potentiometer formed by
resistor R2& R3 (shunted by base-to-emitter resistance of transistor T1)
act as voltage/current limiting network for transistor T1. During the
positive incursions of the ringing voltage at the base of transistor T1, it
is driven into saturations. As a result, the collector of transistor T1 is
pulled ‘LOW’. This low going pulse is coupled to trigger pin2 of timer
NE555(IC1) configured as mono stable (re-trigger able). The output
pulse width is given by the relationship.
Pulse width=1.1R4*C3…..seconds
Where R4 is in ohms and C3in Faradays.
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 With the component values shown, the pulse width will
be roughly .36seconds. This will ensure that the mono pulse does no
t end during the pause period (.2 sec.) between two successive rings, so
that only one pulse is generated at the output of IC1 for each pair of ring
signals separated by .2 seconds.

The output of IC1 is coupled to clock input pin; 14 of;

the decade counter IC 4017 (IC2), which is used for counting the rings.
From the decade counter one can select any output from Q0 through
Q9. But in; this project we take the output from Q3, which goes high at
the beginning of the third ring so we can hear only two ring properly.

The Q3 output at pin 7 of IC2 is inverted by N1

inverter gate of IC3 to trigger timer IC4 (configured as mono stable),
Who’s pulse width can be adjusted with the help of preset VR1. The
pulse width can be adjusted that the tape player could reply the required
message and the recorder could record the response from the far-end
subscriber within the set pulse width period. As stated earlier, timer IC4,
when triggered, initiates four different functions. These accomplished
via relay RL1-RL3 as follows:
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 The output of timer IC4 energizes relay RL1. On
energisation, contact RL1 (a) of this relay extends +12v to the coil of
RL2 & RL3, thereby energizing both of them (RL2 & RL3). RL1 (b)
contacts of relay RL1 (on energisation) switch on the DC supplies to the
record player, whose play button is supposed to be already depressed.
(Please note that DC power supply for the player is not catered to in the
circuit. The supply voltage will depend on the ‘make’ of the player, and
may very from one player to the other. In many cases, battery supply
(provided inside the player itself) could be routed via RL2 (a) contacts.)
Thus, it will start playing the pre recoded message, which would also be
in the released state, simultaneously via relay RL3 contacts, as
described later

RL2 (a) contacts of relay RL2, on energisation extend

+12v to reset pin 15 of counter IC2. Thus the counter remains reset until
IC4 timer’s output goes low again. RL2 (b) contacts of relay RL2, on
energisation, switch on 230v AC supplies to the tape recorder and thus it
can record the message received in the earpiece of telephone.

Relay RL3 performs the function cradle switch for the

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telephone in; the absence of the subscriber (or even during his presence,
if he fails to lift his handset off the cradle during ringing). Its contacts
RL3 (a) and RL3 (b) are wired in parallel with the hook switch.

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 APPLICATION

1. In the home we use this important when owner is not present.

2. It can be used in the security field.

3. It can be used in the medical field.

4. It can be used in the industrial fields.

5. It can be used in the crime branch.

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 ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES-

1. By this when any important call is coming that can be recorded in

the absence of the subscriber.

2. It can be used in anywhere with telephone instrument.

3. It is very simple instrument

4. Low cost.

DISADVANTAGES-

1. Any blank call is recorded.

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 2. It is dependent on the ac supply, when the light is not coming then
it will not work.

CONCLUSION

Working on the project on academic level, we found

a great difference in our theoretical background and practical doing,
choosing a simple resistor demanded a through knowledge backed by a
real time experience. Every step in our project stood as a testing our
patience and enhanced our level of confidence and developed the
appreciation for each results.

On personal level we inculterred in ourselves

magnitude of great values viz, team spirit, co-ordination and
combination, managerial abilities, preservence, communication skill
and decision-making. There a value has become our asset now. We also

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learn that the proper planning is the key to success and by consistent
efforts, we can achieve anything in real life.

APPENDICES

YAHA PAR SARI DATA SHEETS LAGANA FIR USKE BAD BIBLIOGRAPHY WALA
PAGE LAGANA

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. www.google.com

2. www.howstuffwork.com

3. www.efymag.com

4. www.datasheets4u.com

5. www.wikepedia.org

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