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How Smart Technology Is Enabling the Next

Stage of Human Evolution
Feb 28, 2020

Even as the global economy is coming to grips with Industry 4.0, the Fourth
Industrial Revolution, according to Japanese experts, society itself has already
moved into a fifth evolutionary stage: Society 5.0.

As defined by the Cabinet Office of Japan, Society 5.0 is the next progression in
human evolution, after hunter-gathering, agriculture, the industrial age and
the information age. It is a vision that puts technolo y at the heart of meeting
the needs of people in a sustainable way, linked to the United Nations’
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Crucially, the aim is to harness
technolo y for the greater good of humanity rather than it being a cause of
social division.

Society 5.0 research points to five key megatrends shaping this human-centric
innovation: Urbanization; Smart Is the New Green; Future of Ener y; Future of
Mobility; and Health, Wellness and Well-being. These megatrends have
emerged to solve a number of challenges faced by Japan and nations around
the world.
Urbanization

The world is becoming increasingly city-based. Today, half of the world’s

population is urbanized, and the U.N. predicts that 70% of the global
population will live in cities by 2050. 

While cities are engines of growth and innovation, increasing urban

populations create a range of problems including air and water pollution,
congestion, transportation challenges, public safety issues and homelessness. 

Existing infrastructure is struggling to keep up, not only because of the speed
of growth in many cities, but also because much of it is coming to the end of its
life and needs replacing or upgrading. 

The technolo y that enables the building of smart cities is a market predicted
to be worth $1.56 trillion by 2025, according to Frost & Sullivan. A combination
of smart devices with sensors—the Internet of Things—and mobile apps are
giving city dwellers access to data that helps them live better—from help
finding parking spaces to efficiently using renewable ener y in their homes,
enabled by smart electricity grids. 
Smart Is the New Green

“By 2022, over 60% of global GDP will be digitized,” forecasts the World
Economic Forum. “An estimated 70% of new value created in the economy
over the next decade will be based on digitally enabled platforms.”

As the global economy becomes increasingly connected and digital, the

growing amount of information generated by the Internet of Things is colliding
with new technologies such as Big Data analytics, artificial intelligence and
machine learning, creating huge opportunities to optimize efficiency.

BloombergNEF reports that digitalization in the ener y sector could provide

$38 billion of benefits each year by 2025, through the introduction of smart
technologies such as smart meters, smart grids and distributed ener y
systems, which allow households and companies to produce and trade their
own ener y.
Future of Ener y

The International Renewable Ener y Agency (IRENA) reports that to meet the
Paris Agreement climate goals, ener y-related CO2 emissions need to fall 70%
by 2050, compared with current levels. 

That means that the world’s ener y systems and sectors—electrical power
generation, heating, cooling and transportation—need to be decarbonized. “A
large-scale shift to electricity [derived] from renewables could deliver 60% of
those reductions, up to 75% if renewables for heating and transport are
considered and 90% with an acceleration in ener y efficiency,” according to
IRENA.

Decarbonization is well underway: BloombergNEF reports that 180GW of wind

and solar generation capacity was financed in 2019, and $2.6 trillion of
investment has been made in clean ener y infrastructure in the past decade.
Hitachi is involved in a number of projects in this area, including the Smart
Ener y Islands project on the Isles of Scilly, near the coast of southwest
England, which is helping residents share locally produced ener y using IoT
technolo y.
Future of Mobility

By the mid-2020s, electric vehicles (EVs) will be as cheap to buy as internal

combustion vehicles, and by 2040, 57% of all passenger vehicle sales and 81%
of municipal bus sales will be electric, according to BloombergNEF.

Transport accounts for around one-quarter of global emissions, according to

the World Resources Institute. The technolo y and infrastructure to support
electric vehicles is steadily improving, helped by regulations such as the
European Union’s CO2 vehicle emissions targets, and bans on internal
combustion vehicles in a growing number of cities around the world. 

In addition to the dramatic increase in the number of electric cars,

electrification is rapidly taking hold in buses, railways and ships, and could
even help reduce the emissions of aircraft. However, it is not just about
making vehicles electric and using renewable ener y; it is also about getting
people to use efficient public transport, to ride bicycles and to walk, to reduce
air pollution and congestion. Copenhagen’s driverless rail system was
designed, manufactured and built by Hitachi Rail STS in cooperation with
Metroselskabet in 2002. Based on the success of this project, Hitachi and
Hitachi Rail STS launched the next stage – the Cityringen – on Sept. 29, 2019.
The line has 16 km of double track and 17 additional stations, and operates 24
hours a day with 98% service coverage.
The company has also developed a software package that uses artificial
intelligence (AI) to make ships safer and more efficient. Developed with ferry
operator Stena Line, the solution uses AI to calculate the optimum routes for
ships to minimise fuel use, reduce sea and air pollution and cutting journey
times. It is part of a plan to help Stena to meet the International Maritime
Organisation’s target of cutting emissions by 50% from 2008 levels by 2050.

Health, Wellness and Well-being

Japan’s life expectancy, at 84.1 years, is four years more than the OECD
average. Coupled with falling fertility rates, this has created a society with a
new set of needs based around the requirements of a large elderly population,
which has increased pressure on health services and public expenditures.
Venture capital investor Yannick Oswald calls this “the $10+ trillion
opportunity nobody is talking about.”

Lux Research highlights a number of business sectors that could benefit from
ageing societies and help people grow old healthily. These include wearable
devices and smart textiles that can monitor health; robotics, including
exoskeletons and “social robots” for companionship and care; and artificial
intelligence, an increasingly useful diagnostics and therapeutics tool.
At the heart of Society 5.0 is the idea of a “Super Smart Society” in which
these emerging technologies will help meet individual and societal needs to
create truly sustainable development, states the Japanese Business Federation
(Keidanren). 

Realizing the Society 5.0 Vision

Society 5.0 will require paradigm shifts in many industries, such as a switch in
medical focus from cure to prevention, and the move to electric and
autonomous vehicles. It will also mean new ways of doing business, like as-a-
service models, the sharing economy and circular manufacturing techniques.

Hitachi points out that “the opportunities [of Society 5.0] for enterprises are
significant: The turnover resulting from the development of sustainable
business models worldwide has been estimated at $12 trillion, an economic
value that can lead to the employment in sustainable entrepreneurial forms of
more than 380 million people by 2030.”

Written by Mike Scott for Bloomberg Media Studios.

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