AXIS EDUCATION Vectors VC-2

Institute for O/A levels Teacher: Shakib Ahmed Subject: Maths B

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑂𝐴
1.𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a,
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b
𝑂𝐵 C
(a) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑂𝐸 in terms of a and b respectively
D
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(b) Express 𝐵𝐴 in terms of a and b
(c) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐸𝐷 in terms of a and b A
(d) Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 = 4𝐵𝐴 𝑂𝐶 in terms of a and b a
(e) Express 𝐸𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b
O E
(f) Use the results for 𝐸𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐸𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ to show that points 𝐸, 𝐷 and 𝐶 lie on a straight line. b B
5
2. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑌 = 2𝑂𝐵⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑋 = 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = a, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = b C
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑂𝑋
(a) Express 𝑂𝑌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b respectively
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b Y
(b) Express 𝐴𝐵
(c) Express 𝑋𝑌⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b
B
(d) Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐴𝐶 = 6𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 in terms of a and b b
(e) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑋𝐶 in terms of a and b O X
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(f) Use the results for 𝑋𝑌 and 𝑋𝐶 to show that points 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝐶 lie on a straight line. a A
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a
3. 𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =3a
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b
𝑂𝐵 M is the mid – point of AB A
(a) Express 𝐵𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b respectively
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐴𝐵
X M
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(b) Express 𝑀𝐵 in terms of a and b P
(c) If X lies on BP produced so that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐵𝑋 = 𝑘. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝑃, express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑋 in terms of a, b and 𝑘 a
(d) Find the value of 𝑘 if MX is parallel to 𝐵𝑂 B
O b
4. 𝐴𝐶 is parallel to 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 1
𝐴𝑋 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = a, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = b ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑚b C
4
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b
(a) Express 𝐴𝐵 B
𝑚b
(b) Express 𝐴𝑋⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b
X b
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(c) Express 𝐵𝐶 in terms of a, b and 𝑚
(d) Given that 𝑂𝑋 is parallel to 𝐵𝐶, find the value of 𝑚 A a O
5. 𝑋 is the mid – point of 𝑂𝐷, 𝑌 lies on 𝐶𝐷 such that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝑌 =
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 = c, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷, 𝑂𝐷 = d D
4 d
(a) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐶𝑌 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑌 in terms of c and d
(b) Express 𝐶𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of c and d X
(c) Given that 𝐶𝑍 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ℎ𝐶𝑋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , express 𝑂𝑍
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of c, d and ℎ Y
Z
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑘𝑂𝑌
(d) If 𝑂𝑍 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , form an equation and hence find the value of ℎ and 𝑘 O c C
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a and 𝑂𝐵
6. In the figure, 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b. Given that AP = ½ OA, BQ = 3OB and PN = 2NQ, P A O
express in terms of a or b or a and b B
(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑂 (c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 (d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑁 N
(e) Given that OPRQ is a parallelogram, express 𝑂𝑅 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b R Q
7. (i) KLMN is a quadrilateral. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐾𝐿 = k ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐿𝑀= m ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁= n ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐾𝑁= 3m
(a) Give the mathematical name of the quadrilateral KLMN
(b) Express n in terms of k and m Q
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = p, 𝑂𝑄
(ii) In the figure, 𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = q. X is the point OP such that OX: OP = 1: 3 and Y is the point
on PQ such that PY: PQ = 3: 4. Find in terms of p, q or p and q. Y
q
(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑋 (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑌 (c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑌 (d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑋𝑌
OQ is produced to Z such that OQ: OZ = 1: 3
O P
(e) Show that YZ = 3XY X p
8. In figure ABCD is a parallelogram. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐷 = a and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵 = b, P lies on BC such that BP: PC = 1: 2 D
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ C
(a) Find in terms of a or b or a and b (i) 𝐵𝑃 (ii) 𝐴𝑃
3 5 4 a
a = ( ) and b = ( ) (b) Show that the vector ( ) is parallel to AC
6 0 3 P
(c) Calculate, to one decimal place, the modulus of (a-b)
A b B
9. In figure, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 5a, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐵 = 2b and P is the point on OA such that OP: OA = 3: 5 A
(a) Find, in terms of a or b or a and b (i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑃 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐵 P B
5
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑆= 2 (2b – 3a)
O S
(b) Show that the point A, B and S lie on a straight line
10. In figure 𝑂𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a and 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b. The mid-point of OB is M and the point N lies on AB such that BN: NA = 2: 1
B
(a) Express in terms of a and b, simplifying your answer where possible
(i) 𝐵𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(iii) 𝑀𝐵 (iv) 𝑀𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ M
The point P lies on OA extended so that OA: OP = 1: 2 N
(b) Show that MNP is a straight line
O A
(c) Find the ratio MN: NP
11. In fig. O is the centre of the regular hexagon ABCDEF, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 = a and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐵 = b. The side CD is produced to the point G
where CB: CG = 1: 3
(a) Find the following vectors in terms of a or b or a and b.
Simplify your answer as far as possible
(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐴 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐹 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐺 (iv) 𝐷𝐺 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (v) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐹
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ C B G
The line DG meets OB at the point K. Given that 𝐷𝐾 = 𝑚𝐷𝐺 b
(b) express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐾 in terms of 𝑚, a and b K
Given also that 𝑂𝐾 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑛𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ D O a A
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝑛, a and b
(c) express 𝐷𝐾
By equating your answer to parts (b) and (c) E F
(d) Find the value of 𝑚 and 𝑛
12. In figure, 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a, 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b and 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2b. D divides AC in the ratio 1: 2 and M is the mid-point of OD
(a) Write down in terms of a and b, simplifying where necessary, A B
(i) 𝐴𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(ii) 𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(iii) 𝐴𝑀 (iv) 𝐷𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(b) Write down a geometrical property that connects the points O, D and B. D
AM is extended to N where N lies on OC. Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝑁 =  ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝑀 a
(c) Write down in terms of  , a and b (i) 𝐴𝑁⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(ii) 𝑂𝑁
Given also that 𝑂𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝜇b O C
(d) Calculate the values of  and 𝜇 2b
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a and 𝐵𝐶
13. Figure shows a regular hexagon ABCDEF. The sides AB and DC are produced to meet at G. 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b. The
mid-point of ED is H and J is the point on FE such that FJ: JE = 1: 2
(a) Find in terms of a and b, simplifying where possible, E H D
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐺𝐶 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐻 (iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐽
J
The point of intersection of BJ and AH is X. Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑋 = 𝜇𝐴𝐻
(b) Write down 𝐴𝑋⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a, b and 𝜇 F X C
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =  𝐵𝐽
Given also that 𝐵𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ b
G
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a, b and 
(c) Write down 𝐴𝑋 A B
Calculate the value of 𝜇 and the value of 
14. In figure OAB is a triangle with ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = b A
The point R lies on OA such that OR: RA = 1: 3 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 = 4a.
Express in terms of a and b or a or b
M N P
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑅 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅𝐵 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵
The point P lies on AB such that AP: PB = 1: 2 R
Explain in terms of a and b, simplifying your answer where possible
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ O B
(b) (i) 𝑃𝐵 (ii) 𝑂𝑃 b
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑘𝑅𝐵
BRM is a straight line such that 𝑀𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , where 𝑘 is a constant. Given that the line MP is parallel to OB
8
(c)(i) Show that 𝑘 =
3
(ii) Find an expression for ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑃 in terms of b
The point of intersection of MP and OA is N such that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑁𝑃 = 𝑙b and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅𝑁 = 𝑚a
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(d) Find an expression for 𝑂𝑃 in terms of a, b, 𝑙 and 𝑚
(e) Hence find the value of 𝑚
15.Figure shows quadrilateral OABC with CB parallel to OA.
1
OA  12a OB  6b and CB  OA
2
a) Write down in terms of a or b or a and b i) BC ii) OC
The point X on OA is such that OX : OA  3: 4
CX and OB intersect at G. CA and OB intersect at H.
Given that XG  k XC where k is a scalar,
b) Show that OG  6kb  (9  15k )a.
c) Hence find OG in terms of b only.
Given that OG : GH : HB  m :1: n where m and n are integers,
d) Find the value of m and the value of n. [M18-II/Q9]

Answer
1. (a) 2a; 3b (b) – b + a (c) – 3b +2a (d) 4a – 3b (e) 4a – 6b (f) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐶 = 2𝐸𝐷
5 5 15
2. (a) 2b; 2 a (b) – a + b (c) – 2 a + 2b (d) – 5a + 6b (e) – 2
a + 6b (f) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑋𝐶 = 3𝑋𝑌

3 1 3 1 3
3. (a) – b + a; -3a + b (b) – 2 a + 2 b (c) (𝑘 − 2) a + (2 − 𝑘) b (d) 𝑘 = 2

1 1 4
4. (a) – a + b (b) − a + b (c) a + (𝑚 – 1) b (d) 𝑚 =
4 4 3

1 1 3 1 1 ℎ ℎ 3 𝑘 2 4
5. (a) – c + d; – 4 c + 4 d; 4 c + 4 d (b) – c + 2 d (c) (1 - ℎ) c + 2 d (d) (1 - ℎ) c + 2 d = k; 4 c + 4 d; h=5, k = 5

3 3 1 8 3
6. (a) – a + b (b) – 2 a (c) – 2 a + 4b (d) 2
a+3b (e) 2 a + 4b

1 3 3 1 3 1 3
7. (ai) Trapezium (b) n = 2m – k (ii,a) 3 p (b) – 4 p + 4 q (c) 4 p + 4 q (d) - 12 p + 4 q

1 1
8. (a, i) a (ii) a + b (c) 6.3 9. (a, i) 3a (ii) – 3a + 2b
3 3

2 2 1 2 1 1
10. (a, i) a – b (ii) a – b (iii) b (iv) a – b (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑃 (c) 1: 2
3 3 2 3 6 3

1 1
11. (a, i) a – b (ii) 2a – 2b (iii) 3a (iv) 3a + b (v) 2a – b (b) 3𝑚a + 𝑚b(c) a + 𝑛b (d) 𝑚 = , 𝑛 =
3 3

2 2 2 1 1 1
12. (a,i) – a + 2b (ii) 3 a + 3 b (iii) - 3
a + 3 b (iv) 3 a + 3 b (b) 𝑂, 𝐷 and 𝐵 are collinear

2   2  
(d)  = 2, 𝜇 = 2
3 1
(c, i) − 3
a+3 b (ii) (1 − 3
)a + 3
b

1 4 1 4 2 3
13. (a, i) – a + b (ii) – a + b (iii) – 2 a + 2b(iv) – 2a + 3 b (b) − 2 𝜇a + 2𝜇b (c)(1 - 2  ) a + 3  b (d) 𝜇 = 5  = 5

8 2 8 1 5
14. (a, i) a (ii) – a + b (iii) – 4a + b (b, i) − 3 a + 3 b (ii) 3 a + 3 b (c, ii) 2b (d) (1 + 𝑚)a + 𝑙b (e) 3

18
15. a) i) -6a ii) 6b “-6a” c) b d) m  9, n  5
5