BIOLOGY ASSIGNMET

BY: FASIH AHMED

IX-C
SUBMITTED TO:MS BATOOL
EXPERMINT#1: To show water is lost from a plant.

Requirements:
Bell jar, well-watered potted plant, rubber sheet, glass plate, Vaseline.

Process:
1. Take a well-watered, healthy potted plant and cover the pot with the
help of rubber sheet. Only aerial parts of the plant should remain
uncovered.
2. Keep the potted plant on a glass plate and cover it with a bell jar
3. Apply vaseline at the base of the bell jar to prevent the outer air to
pass in the bell jar.
4. Keep the whole apparatus in light and observe for some time.
5. Set another experiment exactly in the same way except that the pot
should be without any plant.

Result:
Water drops appear only in the bell jar in which pot is having a plant with
its only aerial parts exposed, so it can be concluded that these drops
appeared due to the process of transpiration from the aerial parts of the
plant.

EXPERMINT#2: To show water leaves stomata from a leaf.

Requirements:
Filter paper, cobalt-chloride solution, a potted plant, clip.

Process:
1. Some pieces of the filter paper are dipped in cobalt chloride
solution and then dried off,they are blue coloured.
2. Now, two such pieces of filter paper are taken and pressed on both
the surfaces of the leaf of a potted plant with the help of a clip.
3. This apparatus is kept for some time as such.

Result:
The dried blue colored cobalt chloride paper turns red as it becomes
moist. The stomata are confined mostly on the lower surface of the
leaf, and therefore, the cobalt chloride paper of that surface becomes
moist and turns red. The paper of the upper side of the leaf may also
become pink to some extent, as few stomata are found on this side.
 EXPERMINT #3: To show distribution of stomata on a leaf.

Requirements:
Four leaves, Vaseline and a string.

Process:
1. To demonstrate the transpiration from the leaf surface, four leaves
are taken.
2. In leave A Vaseline is applied to both surfaces ,in leave B applied to
lower surface, in leave C applied to upper surface and in leave D
Vaseline is not applied.
3. Now, as shown in the figure the leaves are hanged so that they
may transpire freely.

Result:
The A leaf, which is vaselined on its both the surfaces, looks fresh and
green, as no surface transpires. The B leaf is vaselined on its lower
surface (with stomata), and transpiration takes place only from the
upper surface which is negligible. The C leaf is vaselined on its upper
surface, which contains less number of stomata or no stomata. The
transpiration takes place from the lower stomatal surface, and the
 leaf dry to a large extent. The D leaf is not vaselined and both the
surfaces transpire freely releasing much water.

EXPERMINT #4: Using a potometer to measure transpiration.

Requirements:
Drinking straw or clear plastic tubing, soft green leafy shoot, Vaseline,
marking pen, play dough / putti/Prestick ,plastic bag, elastic band,
ruler.

Process:
1. Set up the apparatus as given in the diagram. Made the apparatus
air tight with the help of wax. Select a healthy shoot and cut it
under water by bending it in the trough.
2. Fix the potometer on stand and check that no water drops falls
from the open end. This will ensure that apparatus is air tight.
3. This will not only show that apparatus is air tight but also allow an
air bubble to enter in the open end of the potometer.