Activities to Develop

1. Read the document “Grammar” Chapter 7, pages 80-95, in ‘Yule,

G. (2010). The Study of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press’; found in the Course Contents, UNIT 1, in the Knowledge
Environment; and also read the text “Grammar” Chapter 4, pages 19-
24, in ‘Bauer, Laurie.; The Linguistic Student's Handbook’

Based on the first text, you need to post the following analysis
Study questions
2.1. Identify all the parts of speech used in the following sentence (e.g.
woman = noun):
The woman kept a large snake in a cage, but it escaped recently:
The=articles
Woman=noun
Kept=verb
A=articles
Large=adjective
Snake=noun
In=preposition
A=articles
Cage=noun
But=conjunction
Escaped=verb
Recently=adverb
2.2. What prescriptive rules for the “proper” use of English are
not obeyed in the following sentences and how would they be
“corrected”?

The old theory consistently failed to fully explain all the data.

-in the first sentence the rule was used: you should not divide an
infinitive and the correct form would be:

The old theory could not fully explain all the data.
I can not remember the name of the person I gave the book

2.3. Tasks

2.3.1. Another term used in the description of the parts of

speech is “determiner.”

What are determiners? How many examples were included in this

chapter?

In English, determiner is a word the introduces a noun. It always comes

before a noun, not after, and also comes before any other adjectives
used to describe the noun. For example, consider the placement and
usage of the common determiner the in the sentences below:

Metal cans are recyclable

The metal can’s are recyclable.

2.3.2 In this chapter, we discussed “correction” in grammar.

What is hypercorrection

2.3.3. The structural analysis of a basic English sentence (NP + V

+ NP) is often described as “Subject Verb Object” or SVO. The
basic sentence order in a Gaelic sentence (V + NP + NP) is
described as “Verb Subject Object” or VSO.

After looking at the examples below, would you the basic sentence order
in these Japanese sentences as SVO or VSO or something else?

2.3.3.1 Jakku-ga gakkoo-e ikimasu

Jack school to go
(“Jack goes to school”)

2.3.3.2 Kazuko-ga gakkoo-de eigo-o naratte imasu

Kazuko school at English learn be
(“Kazuko is learning English at school”)

2.3.3.3 Divergence in the syntactic patterns of languages is responsible

for the patterns of errors made by English-language learners. Given that
English-language learners from Korea produce sentences such as *I ice-
cream like and *I book read, what can you say about word order in
Korean? (Taken from Gordon T. 2012)

4. Based on the second text please answer: In the text we can see that
in the history of linguistics we have two forms to understand grammar:
A Prescriptive form and a Descriptive one; why the second
comprehension it is considered a breakthrough in Linguistics?

linguistics that deals with the elements of verbal language and describes the

classes

of words, syntax, grammatical rules and phonemes. It is the one that gives us

grammar. Grammar is the study of the rules and principles that regulate the use of

languages and

the organization of words within a sentence. The set of

rules and principles that govern the use of a certain language; well, each language

has its

own grammar