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Course 2017/2018

Lidia Esther Robaina Robaina

Angelo Santana del Pino

Final Degree Project for obtaining the

Degree in Marine Sciences
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TFG title:

Growth and development of palythoa (Palythoa canariensis); effects of the dietary

treatments.

Student data:

Laura Hernández Rivero (laura.hernandez134@alu.ulpgc.es), 4º Course, Degree in

Marine Science, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

TFG tutor:

Lidia Esther Robaina Robaina (lidia.robaina@ulpgc.es), ECOAQUA-ULPGC.

TFG co-tutor:

Angelo Santana del Pino (angelo.santana@ulpgc.es), ULPGC.

Project linked to the Project INTERREG-MAC/1.1a/207“R+D+I towards aquaponic

development in the up islands and the circular economy” (2017-2019). (ISLANDAP)

Date: 04/07/2018

FIRMAS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INDEX
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ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….……….....5

1. INTRODUCTION. ………………………………………………….…….….....5

1.1. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................................5
1.2.
1.5. Objectives.....................................................................................................11

2. MATERIAL AND METHODS.......................................................................12

2.1. XXXXXXXXXXX.......................................................................................12
2.2.
2.6 Statistical analysis..........................................................................................18

3. RESULTS...............................................................................................................20

3.1. Diet biochemical, XXXXXXXX…………………….................................20

3.2.

4. DISCUSSION........................................................................................................27

5. CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................29

6. REFERENCES.....................................................................................................29

ABSTRACT

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. XXXXXX

1.2. XXXXXXX

like profile in the Palythoa canariensis cultured samples (Fraga et al., 2017).
The palitoxin content estimate was 0.27 mg/g of lyophilized coral.

1.3. XXXXXX

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2. MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1. XXXXXX

This experiment was carried out between March and May 2018 in the
Aquarium Laboratory belongs to the Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), at the
Marine Scientific Technological Park of the University of Las Palmas de Gran
Canaria in Taliarte.

The facilities present an

2.2. Trial set up: animals and culture conditions

Before starting the feeding trial the aquariums and all equipment and filtration
system were cleaned and filled with new inlet salt water. During 7 days the
concentration of nitrites and nitrates was measured to check the level of maturity
of the system.

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To start the trial, a total of

2.3. XXXXX

Table 2. Proximate composition of the freeze dried aloe product and by-product.

%Lipid %Protein %Ash %Moisture

Product 0.97±0.13 0.07±0.04 12.83±0.55 14.99±0.3
By-product 1.31±0.26 0 5.445±1.85 16.42±0.04

Table 3. Polyphenol content from fresh and the different processed aloe products and by-
products.

Polyphenols (mg/g)
Aloe (fresh) 0.25±0.02
Aloe (freeze dried) 3.24±0.19
Aloe by-product (fresh) 0.07±0.01
Aloe by-product (freeze dried) 1.88±0.21
Aloe by-product (dry oven 40°C) 1.42±0.13

Table 4. Diet formulations.

Ingredient (%) Diet C Diet A

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Fish meala 20.0 20.0

Blood mealb 3.0 3.0
Algae meal (Ulva)c 10.0 10.0
Vegetable meals mixd 52.0 50.0
Fish oil and soya lecithin 9.5 9.5
Aloe by-producte 0.0 2.0
Vitamin mixf 2.0 2.0
Mineral mixg 2.0 2.0
Ca(H2PO4)2h 1.0 1.0
CMCi 0.5 0.5
a
Peruvian origen (Skretting, Spain); bBlood (porcine origen, from Dibaq, Spain); c Ulva meal
(Puerto Muiños S.L., Spain); dMeals mixed from rapeseed 0.0 (from Dibaq, Spain), soybean
protein concentrate (Sopropeche, France) and corn and wheat meals and their respective starch
(local suppliers); eAloe by-product (local supplier); f Vitamin premix (mg kg-1 o IU/kg of feed):
thiamine 40 mg, riboflavin 50 mg, pyridoxine 40 mg, calcium pantothenate 117 mg,
nicotinicacid 200 mg, folic acid 10 mg, cyanocobalamin 0.5 mg, cholinechloride 2700 mg, myo-
inositol 2000 mg, ascorbic acid 5000 mg, menadione 20 mg, cholecalciferol 2000 IU,
retinolacetate 5000 IU, Vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate) 250 mg, ethoxyquin 100 mg; g
Mineral premix contains (g/kg of dry diet): calcium orthophosphate 1.60, calcium carbonate 4 g,
ferrous sulphate 1.5g, magnesium sulphate 1.6 g, potassium phosphate 2.8 g, sodium phosphate 1
g, aluminium sulphate 0.02 g, zinc sulphate 0.24 g, copper sulphate 0.20 g, manganese sulphate
0.08 g, potassium iodate 0.02 g; hSigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany; iCarboximetilcellulosa
(sodium salt, Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany).

Fig. 7. Picture of the different ingredients prepared to be mixed.

Feeding protocol

2.4. Diet biochemical, polyphenol and contaminant content

Produced pellets from the 2 experimental diets were homogenized (T25

Digital Ultra-turrax, IKA, Germany). Ash content was determined by
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combustion in a muffle furnace at 600°C for 12 hr.; moisture content was

determined after drying at 105°C to constant weight; crude protein was
determined by acid digestion using Kjeldahl method (Nitrogen 6.25) from
AOAC (1995); and crude lipid was extracted following Folch et al. (1957)
method.

2.5. Samplings

Three samples were taken throughout the trial: an initial (Day 0), an
intermediate (Day 33) and a final one (Day 68). In the initial sampling, the
animals were weighed after the period of adaptation. In the intermediate and
final sampling the animals were weighed, the new developed polyps were
counted and the status and progress of the individuals during the first part of the
test were evaluated.

In every sampling the animals were removed from the tanks in a bowl with
water taken from the aquarium itself. After that they were cleaned inside trays
with salt water and weighed with the shell in a container with water to avoid
possible losses of liquids and any contact with the palitoxin. The corals were
weighed with the help of an analytical balance (Gibertini E50 S/2).

2.6. Statistical analysis

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3. RESULTS

3.1. Diet biochemical and contaminant content

Results for the diet biochemical analysis are shown in Table 5. As expected
obtained data were similar to the formulated feeds being similar between the 2
diets.

Table 5. Proximate content of the diets (as % feed basis).

DIET Protein Lipid Ash Moisture

C 41.46±0.27 14.90±0.10 10.59±0.01 7.7±0.37
A 41.16±2.28 14.95±0.12 11.63±0.15 6.27±0.50

3.2. Growth performance and diets utilization

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4. DISCUSSION

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5. CONCLUSIONS

1. –
2. –
3. –

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6. REFERENCES

AOAC, 1995. Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC international. 16th ed. Method
970, 12. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International.

Baillon, S., Hamel, J. F., Wareham, V. E., & Mercier, A., 2014. Seasonality in
reproduction of the deep-water pennatulacean coral Anthoptilum grandiflorum. Marine
biology, 161(1), 29-43.

Berking, S., 2007. Generation of bilateral symmetry in Anthozoa: a model. Journal of

theoretical biology, 246(3), 477-490.

Brusca, R. C., & Brusca, G. J., 2005. Invertebrates. Ed. McGraw-Hill. 2º ed. Chapter, 8,
237-291.

Canarias. Ley 4/2010 de 4 de junio, del Catálogo Canario de Especies Protegidas.

Boletín Oficial de Canarias, 9 de junio de 2010, núm. 112, pp. 15200 a 15225.

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DESARROLLO DEL TFG Y VALORACIÓN PERSONAL

M1
Control ISO 3 Co-Iso3 Co-Iso 6 Co-WG Uva
% Lipid 15.3661±1.4194 19.1172±2.4316 20.6947±11.5766 18.9749±1.7313 21.1118±3.5398
%Protein 44.0848±1.5093 44.9114±0.7462 52.7665±0.7925 47.0156±0.3956 46.2949±2.0866
%Ash 10.6895±0.2669 10.7547±0.0786 9.3069±0.0691 10.65±0.0511 8.4789±0.043
%Moistur 8.3307±1.8077 7.0758±0.428 9.2611±0.6748 8.467±0.3577 8.4755±0.3264
e

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