Index

INDEX
1.- DESIGN CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS 3
2.- CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS 3

2.1.- Geometry 3
2.2.- Concrete 3
2.3.- Reinforcing steel 4
2.4.- Strength reduction factors 4
2.5.- Load factors 4
2.6.- Exposure conditions 5
3.- FRP-CONFINEMENT STRENGTH 5

3.1.- Properties of FRP reinforcement 5
3.2.- Stress-strain diagram (un-confined and FRP-confined concrete) 5
4.- ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS 8

4.1.- Expected loads (strengthening design) 8
5.- RESULTS 9
5.1.- Summary of results 9
5.2.- Ultimate limit states 10
5.3.- Serviceability limit states 13
5.4.- Fire resistance (t=0 min.) 15
5.5.- FRP arrangement 18
6.- PRODUCT SPECIFICATION 19

6.1.- Bonded SikaWrap® fabrics 19
6.1.1.- Concrete surface preparation 19
6.1.2.- SikaWrap® fabrics 20
6.1.3.- Epoxy Adhesive 20
6.1.4.- Application procedure 21
7.- LEGAL DISCLAIMER 22
Sika Services AG Element: Date: 31/03/2020
Corporate Tech. Dept. Editor: Project: pangbun
Tüffenwies 16 Remarks:
8048 Zürich (Switzerland)
www.sika.com
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INDEX
8.- ABOUT SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE 23
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1.- DESIGN CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS
Column strengthening by means of FRP confinement.
- ACI 440.2R-17
- ACI 318
- Country: United States
2.- CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS
2.1.- Geometry
Cross section = Rectangular (rounded)
Width (b) = 550 mm

Height (h) = 550 mm
Radius (r) = 25 mm
2.2.- Concrete
Compressive strength of concrete
Concrete strength (f'c) = 27 MPa
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Cylinder specimen = 27 MPa
Cube specimen = 33 MPa
2.3.- Reinforcing steel

Cover X = 50 mm
Cover Y = 50 mm
Steel fy Es Number x ds
Reinforcement
(MPa) (MPa) (mm)
Corner (B320) 320 200000 4 x 25
Face X (B320) 320 200000 4 x 25
Face Y (B320) 320 200000 4 x 25
2.4.- Strength reduction factors

Defined by (ACI 318)
fcc,t = 0.65
fcc,s = 0.75
ftc = 0.90
2.5.- Load factors

User values Dead loads Live loads
Strengthening limits 1.10 1.00
Expected loads (strengthening design) 1.00 1.00
Anticipated service loads 1.00 1.00
Fire situation 1.00 1.00
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2.6.- Exposure conditions
Fiber type: Carbon
Exposure conditions: Interior exposure (Ce = 0.95)
3.- FRP-CONFINEMENT STRENGTH
3.1.- Properties of FRP reinforcement
Ef Thickness tf Width
Laminate efu* Number n
(MPa) (mm) (mm)
SikaWrap® 1200C -
0.0102 75750.00 1.900 2 1270.00
127cm
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3.2.- Stress-strain diagram (un-confined and FRP-confined concrete)
Un-confined
concrete*
      2
e'c : 0.0020
f 'c  1-  1-  0  c  'c
c

fc     'c  


 f 'c 'c  c  cu ecu : 0.0030
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The stress-strain
model adopted for
FRP-confined
concrete is
computed using the
following
expressions (ACI
440.2R-17, 12.1)*
  Ec  E2  2 2
E c c  c 0  c  't
fc   4  f 'c

 f 'c  E2 c 't  c  ccu
f 'cc  f 'c
E2  E2 : 893.28 MPa
ccu
2  f 'c
 't  e't : 0.0021
Ec  E2
*The strength of the

unconfined member,
and the strength of
the confined
member for the
design stress-strain
model, are
respectively 0.85·f'c
and 0.85·f'cc.
Maximum
compressive
strength for the
confined concrete
f 'cc  f 'c   F  3,3  a  fl f'cc : 31.47 MPa
Maximum
confinement
pressure
2  Eff  n  t  fe
fl 
D
fl : 2.96 MPa
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Effective strain level
in FRP at failure
 fe     fu efe : 0.0040
Maximum
compressive strain in
the FRP-confined
concrete
 f   
0.45
ccu   'c   1.50  12  b  l   fe    0.01 eccu : 0.0046

 f 'c   'c  
 
fl/f'c : 0.11
A strain efficiency factor ke of 0.55 and a minimum confinement

ratio fl/f'c of 0.08 must be used
ffu* ffu Ef Ec tf D
efu* CE efu ke e' c n Ae A c ka kb yf
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (mm) (mm)
75750. 27400.
0.0102 772.65 0.95 0.0097 734.02 0.55 0.0020 2 1.900 777.82 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.95
00 00
4.- ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS
4.1.- Expected loads (strengthening design)

Dead loads
PDL = 838.54 kN, MDL,x = 140.50 kN·m, MDL,y = 341.52 kN·m
Live loads
PLL = 2650.00 kN, MLL,x = 0.00 kN·m, MLL,y = 0.00 kN·m
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The live load acting on the member is expected to be present for a sustained period of time
5.- RESULTS
5.1.- Summary of results

Strengthening limits (ACI440.2R-17, 9.2)
Pu Mu,x Mu,y
Loading f f·Pn,max ³ Pu; f·Sn ³ Su
(kN) (kN·m) (kN·m)
Un-
Su = 1.10 · SDL + 1.00 strengthe
0.65 3572.39 154.55 375.67
· SLL ned
section
Strengthened section under anticipated loads

Pu Mu,x Mu,y
Strength
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00
0.65 3488.54 140.50 341.52 ened
· SLL
section
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Serviceability limit states
Loading Service stresses sc,Max. £ 0.65·f'c sy,Max. £ 0.60·fy
20.66 MPa 226.27 MPa
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL sc,Max. = 20.66 MPa sy,Max. = 226.27 MPa £ 17.81 £ 192.00
MPa MPa
Fire resistance (t=0 min.)

Pu Mu,x Mu,y
Un-
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 strengthe
1.00 3488.54 140.50 341.52
· SLL ned
section
5.2.- Ultimate limit states

The following limitations apply for members subjected to combined axial compression and bending (ACI 440.2R-17, 12.2)
The effective strain in the FRP jacket is limited to the value given to ensure the shear integrity of the confined concrete
fe     fu  0.004 efe : 0.0040
The strength enhancement can only be considered when the applied ultimate axial force and bending moment, P u and Mu,
fall above the line connecting the origin and the balanced point in the P-M diagram for the un-confined member
Force balance of section. Strengthening limits. Minimum combination of loads to be resisted by the un-strengthened member
(ACI440.2R-17, Section 9.2).
Su = 1.10 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL
The section is not in equilibrium
The verification concerning the strengthening limits (ACI440.2R-17 9.2) is not fulfilled, therefore the remaining RC section alone
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is not able to support a certain level of load in case the FRP is damaged as a consequence of an impact, vandalism or other
causes. Hence, it is necessary to provide the necessary protection for the FRP in order to avoid the possibility of this kind of
damage.
Force balance of section. Strengthened section with factored expected loads.
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL
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Maximum and minimum strain emax = 4.53 ‰
emin = -1.65 ‰
Maximum stress in concrete fc = 26.73 MPa
Distance from extreme compression fiber
x = 521.18 mm
to neutral axis
Stress and strain of reinforcement
Ref. X Coord. (mm) Y Coord. (mm) f (MPa) ε (‰)
No. 25 225 225 320.00 4.03
No. 25 225 -225 91.51 0.46
No. 25 -225 -225 -228.47 -1.14
No. 25 -225 225 320.00 2.43
No. 25 71 225 320.00 3.48
No. 25 71 -225 -18.11 -0.09
No. 25 -71 225 320.00 2.97
No. 25 -71 -225 -118.85 -0.59
No. 25 225 71 320.00 2.80
No. 25 -225 71 240.70 1.20
No. 25 225 -71 320.00 1.68
No. 25 -225 -71 16.03 0.08
5.3.- Serviceability limit states

To ensure that radial cracking will not occur under service loads, the transverse strain in the concrete must remain below its
cracking strain at service load levels(ACI 440.2R-17, 12.1.3)
This corresponds to limiting the compressive stress in the concrete to 0.65·f' c.
In addition, the service stress in the longitudinal steel must remain below 0.60·f y to avoid plastic deformation under sustained or
cyclic loads.
Force balance of section. Strengthened section under service loads.

Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL
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emin = -0.28 ‰
x = 578.04 mm
to neutral axis
No. 25 225 225 226.27 1.13
No. 25 225 -225 46.29 0.23
No. 25 -225 -225 -30.44 -0.15
No. 25 -225 225 149.53 0.75
No. 25 71 225 199.98 1.00
No. 25 71 -225 20.00 0.10
No. 25 -71 225 175.82 0.88
No. 25 -71 -225 -4.15 -0.02
No. 25 225 71 164.61 0.82
No. 25 -225 71 87.87 0.44
No. 25 225 -71 107.95 0.54
No. 25 -225 -71 31.21 0.16
5.4.- Fire resistance (t=0 min.)

Force balance of section. Un-strengthened section.
Su = 1.00 · SDL + 1.00 · SLL
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emin = -0.97 ‰
x = 539.84 mm
to neutral axis
No. 25 225 225 320.00 2.66
No. 25 225 -225 81.94 0.41
No. 25 -225 -225 -128.95 -0.64
No. 25 -225 225 320.00 1.61
No. 25 71 225 320.00 2.30
No. 25 71 -225 9.69 0.05
No. 25 -71 225 320.00 1.97
No. 25 -71 -225 -56.70 -0.28
No. 25 225 71 320.00 1.89
No. 25 -225 71 167.38 0.84
No. 25 225 -71 236.37 1.18
No. 25 -225 -71 25.48 0.13
The nominal strength of the un-strengthened member exceeds the combination of loads corresponding to the fire situation. The
FRP strengthening is therefore not necessary during a fire situation, and does not need to be protected. If a certain fire rating is
necessary, the designer must evaluate the need for a protection of the RC element (concrete and steel reinforcement) according
to the local codes.
5.5.- FRP arrangement

The previous results correspond to the following FRP scheme:
2 layers of SikaWrap® 1200C - 127cm
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6.- PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
6.1.- Bonded SikaWrap® fabrics

The strengthening shall be achieved using unidirectional carbon fibre fabric, impregnated and externally bonded to the structure
with epoxy adhesive Sikadur®-300
The fibers should be aligned and free of torsion.
The material shall have a long track record (> 25 years) for structural strengthening.
The fibre fabric shall be unidirectional and fabricated of PAN based carbon fibres.
Installation in several layers shall be possible.
Measured values of mechanical properties of laminated fabrics shall be provided, minimum test series of 20 samples.
6.1.1.- Concrete surface preparation

Any unsound material shall be removed and removed concrete shall be repaired as described above. Large blowholes and
honeycombing shall be filled with a suitable repair mortar.
Repair materials shall be fully compatible with the adhesive.
The actual strength of the concrete substrate shall be verified with at least three pull-off tests.
The concrete shall be older than 28 days.
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The laitance layer on the substrate surface shall be removed and an open-textured surface shall be created.
The substrate surface shall be cleaned so that it is free from oil, grease and any other contaminants as well as loose particles and
dust.
For fibre fabric application, all corners shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 20 mm and any sharp edges shall be removed.
The substrate moisture content shall be less than 4% pbw.
6.1.2.- SikaWrap® fabrics

The materials shall comply with the performance characteristics described as follows:
6.1.2.1.- Typical Properties of SikaWrap® 1200C - 127cm fabric:

Typical dry fiber properties:
E-Modulus EN 2561/ASTM D3039 » 240000 N/mm² (MPa)

Tensile Strength EN 2561/ASTM D3039 » 4000 N/mm² (MPa)
Strain at break EN 2561/ASTM D3039 1.02 %
Typical laminate properties (related to fibre thickness):
E-Modulus EN 2561/ASTM D3039 » 209260 N/mm² (MPa)
6.1.3.- Epoxy Adhesive

The adhesive shall be epoxy based.
The SikaWrap® 1200C - 127cm fabric shall be impregnated with resin before placement on the structure with Sikadur-300
6.1.3.1.- Typical Properties of Sikadur®-300 adhesive

The adhesive must comply with EN 1504-4.
Chemical base Epoxy resin

Density 1.16 kg/l (at +23°C).
Viscosity (shear rate 50/S) +15ºC » 2000 mPas
+23ºC » 700 mPas
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+40ºC » 200 mPas
Thermal expansion coefficient -20ºC to +40ºC 6.0 x 10-5 per °C
Curing
7 days, +15ºC +43ºC
Thermal stability. HDT (ASTM D648) 7 days, +23ºC +49ºC
Service temperature 23ºC Curing -40ºC to +45ºC
Tensile Strength DIN EN ISO 527-3 45 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
Bond Strength (sandblasted substrate) DIN EN ISO 4624 Concrete fracture (> 4 N/mm²)
E-Modulus (flexural) DIN EN 1465 2800 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
E-modulus in tensile DIN EN ISO 527-3 3500 N/mm2 (7 days at +23°C)
Elongation at break DIN EN ISO 527-3 1.5% (7 days at +23°C)
6.1.4.- Application procedure

The wrap shall be cut to size with special fibre scissors.
In case of column confinement, the minimum overlap of the fabric in fibre direction shall be 150 mm
A primer layer of the impregnating resin shall be applied on the substrate surface, using a toothed trowel or a roller.
Distribute 2/3 of the expected Sikadur®-300 quantity on a clean PE sheet and then place the pre-cut fabric onto the resin
covered sheet. Saturate SikaWrap® fabric by rolling with a mohair or plastic roller in the fibre direction until the resin penetrates
through the fabric. Distribute the remaining 1/3 of the Sikadur®-300 onto the fabric and evenly spread with roller to fully
saturate fabric. Remove the excess of resin.
The fabric shall be placed on the substrate, pressed on gently, and the resin shall be worked into the fabric with an impregnation
roller until the fabric is completely saturated.
Additional layers shall be installed as described above, preferably wet-on-wet.
In case of a cementitious overcoat, the resulting resin surface shall be broadcasted with quartz sand.
Impregnation shall always be performed in fibre direction.
After application, the finished fibre fabric installation of shall be protected from rain, sand, dust and any other contaminants.
If necessary, the applied system shall be protected with a suitable coating (compatibility tests between the coating and the fabric
shall be available).
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7.- LEGAL DISCLAIMER
THIS SOFTWARE APPLICATION AND THE RESULTS DERIVED FROM ITS UTILIZATION ARE INTENDED ONLY FOR USE BY
PROFESSIONAL USERS WITH EXPERT KNOWLEDGE IN THE AREA OF THE INTENDED APPLICATION. USERS MUST INDEPENDENTLY
VERIFY THE RESULTS BEFORE ANY USE AND TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE SITE AND APPLICATION CONDITIONS, PRODUCT DATA
SHEET AND PRODUCT LITERATURE, TECHNICAL STATE OF THE ART AS WELL AS LOCAL APPLICABLE STANDARDS AND
REGULATIONS.
With respect to the software application and results derived from its use, SIKA MAKES NO WARRANTIES OF ACCURACY,
RELIABILITY, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION IS PROVIDED ON
AN "AS-IS" BASIS AND SIKA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION AND
RESULTS DERIVED FROM ITS USE.
Sika shall not be liable for any consequential, punitive, incidental, exemplary, or special damages (including but not limited to
loss of business opportunity or loss of profit) arising out of the evaluation or use of the software application and results derived
from its use.
The information, and, in particular, the recommendations relating to the application and end-use of Sika products, are given in
good faith based on Sika's current knowledge and experience of the products when properly stored, handled and applied under
normal conditions in accordance with Sika’s recommendations. In practice, the differences in materials, substrates and actual
site conditions are such that no warranty in respect of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose, nor any liability
arising out of any legal relationship whatsoever, can be inferred either from this information, or from any written
recommendations, or from any other advice offered. The user of the product must test the product’s suitability for the intended
application and purpose. Sika reserves the right to change the properties of its products. The proprietary rights of third parties
must be observed. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users must always refer to the most
recent issue of the local Product Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request.
Except as indicated otherwise, all information, text, graphic images, features, functions, and layout contained in this software are
the exclusive property of Sika and may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the Company's express written
consent.
By transmitting information to Sika, you grant to the Company the unrestricted irrevocable license to use, reproduce, display,
modify, distribute and perform such information. Personal identity information is used by Sika only to process a request for
information by you or for marketing our products and services.
© Copyright Sika Services AG 2016
8.- ABOUT SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE
Engineered by:
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Cype Software - Eusebio Sempere, 5 - 03003 Alicante (Spain)
www.cype.com
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INDEX

1.- DESIGN CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS 3

2.- CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS 3

3.- FRP-CONFINEMENT STRENGTH 5

4.- ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS 8

6.- PRODUCT SPECIFICATION 19

7.- LEGAL DISCLAIMER 22

Sika Services AG Element: Date: 31/03/2020

Corporate Tech. Dept. Editor: Project: pangbun

8.- ABOUT SIKA® CARBODUR® CALCULATION SOFTWARE 23

Sika Services AG Element: Date: 31/03/2020

Corporate Tech. Dept. Editor: Project: pangbun

- Country: United States

2.- CALCULATION ASSUMPTIONS

Width (b) = 550 mm

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2.3.- Reinforcing steel

2.4.- Strength reduction factors

2.5.- Load factors

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3.- FRP-CONFINEMENT STRENGTH

3.1.- Properties of FRP reinforcement

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*The strength of the

f 'cc  f 'c   F  3,3  a  fl f'cc : 31.47 MPa

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ccu   'c   1.50  12  b  l   fe    0.01 eccu : 0.0046

A strain efficiency factor ke of 0.55 and a minimum confinement

4.- ANTICIPATED COMBINATIONS OF LOADS

4.1.- Expected loads (strengthening design)

PDL = 838.54 kN, MDL,x = 140.50 kN·m, MDL,y = 341.52 kN·m

PLL = 2650.00 kN, MLL,x = 0.00 kN·m, MLL,y = 0.00 kN·m

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5.1.- Summary of results

Strengthened section under anticipated loads

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Fire resistance (t=0 min.)

5.2.- Ultimate limit states

fe     fu  0.004 efe : 0.0040

The section is not in equilibrium

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5.3.- Serviceability limit states

Force balance of section. Strengthened section under service loads.

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5.4.- Fire resistance (t=0 min.)

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