Leadership Presentations

Week – 4
(Barret 2014 – chapter 6 & 7)
Group Presentation:
Application 7.4
¡  Bagaimana proses menyusun presentasi ?

¡  Bagaimana untuk membuat presentasi Anda

jelas, informatif, dan menarik?

¡  Bagaimana cara untuk menarik perhatian

audience?
 The Three Pʼs of Oral Presentations

Plan Prepare Present

Ø  Determine Ø Develop Ø  Get nerves under

strategy introduction, control
Ø  Analyze body, and Ø  Deliver, using
audience conclusion PPT effectively
Ø  Select medium/ Ø Create graphics Ø  Handle Q&A’s
delivery method Ø Test the flow/logic Ø  Conduct post-
Ø  Organize Ø Edit/proofread presentation
speech and Ø Practice, assessment
establish logical checking timing,
structure room, equipment
Chapter 4 - 3
Analyzing Your Audience
1.  What is your primary purpose in delivering this
presentation to this audience?
2.  Who is your primary audience and what do they know,
expect, and feel? Who is the secondary audience?
3.  What is motivating the audience to attend the
presentation and how do you motivate them to listen
to you?
4.  What do you expect the audience to do and to feel
based on your presentation?

Chapter 4 - 4
Selecting the Medium and Delivery
Method
¡  Stand-up extemporaneous
¡  Overhead
¡  Computer
¡  Round-table discussions
¡  Flip charts or white boards
¡  Video or phone conferencing
¡  Team presentations

Chapter 4 - 5
Selecting the Extemporaneous
Format

¡ Characteristics
¡ Most difficult and most effective form of
presentation
¡ Require a lot of preparation

¡ Advantages
¡ Allow you to maintain eye contact
¡ Permit adjustments to audience
¡ Help you to appear confident and
knowledgeable

Chapter 4 - 6
 Deciding to Use a Round-Table
Presentation Format
q  Encourages an informal, interactive discussion

q  Builds consensus or gains agreement

q  Allows the checking of facts or identifies sources of missing

facts
q  Surfaces and resolves issues

q  Accommodates providing a lot of information in a short

amount of time

Chapter 4 - 7
 8

Listening v.s hearing

¡ Listening is with the mind

¡ Hearing with the senses
¡ Listening is conscious

Listening = Involves paying close attention to, and making

sense of what we hear.
 9

Reason people fail to listen

¡ not concentrating
¡ listening too hard – in details
¡ jumping to conclusion
¡ focusing on delivery and personal appearance
 10

Stages of the Listening Process

¡  Hearing
¡  Focusing on the message
¡  Comprehending and interpreting
¡  Analyzing and Evaluating
¡  Responding
¡  Remembering
 11

Be a good listener
¡ take listening seriously
¡ resist distraction
¡ don’t be diverted by appearance or delivery
¡ suspend judgment
¡ focus your listening
listen for main points
listen for evidence
listen for technique
¡ develop note-taking skills
 12

Five Levels to motivate audience

1.  Listen = make sure they’re listening. Once you have

them listening, you can bring them to next level
2.  Understand
3.  Believe – get them to believe you
4.  Retain – make sure that you deliver your presentation in
such a format that they can retain what they’ve learned
5.  Act or do – make sure your presentation helps your
audience to do and to act
 13

Level 1 : get them to listen

Reason people don’t listen :
1.  Message overload
2.  Preoccupation
3.  Rapid thinking
4.  Effort
5.  External noise
6.  Hearing problems
7.  Faulty assumptions
8.  Lack of apparent advantage
9.  Lack of training
 14

Grab their attention

¡ Be enthusiastic – only 15% of success in sales was due to
knowledge, & 85% was from enthusiasm
- charisma is the transference of enthusiasm. Be excited
about your message and your audience will be also.
¡ Speaking a language they understand
¡ Make them think or act at the first few minutes. – Find way
to surprised them
 15

Ways to “surprise” the audience

¡ Ask a question (Were you there when….)
¡ Historical reference
¡ Poem or rhyme or quote
¡ Music or other unusual sound audience would not
be expecting
¡ Show the benefits by stating a promise (when you
leave today, you will have the solution to….)
 16

Level 2 : understand
¡ Listeners are more likely to understand if the material
is clearly organized
- You have clearly defined your mission
- You have a simple and easily remembered theme
- You only use three to four main points
- You hang the whole picture on a simple clear
structure
 17

¡ The material must be delivered in digestible

amount.
¡ Your material must encourage and respond to
feedback
¡ The illustrations should be simple and easy to
understand
¡ Get the audience to experience the concept
themselves through audience participation.
 18

Level 3 : accept or believe

The listener is more receptive to accepting and believing what
you have to say when you add the “three proofs” an old
Greek philosophy from Aristotle:
¡ Ethos = your ethics, liability, credibility, courage. This is
where you, your honor, & personality are judged
¡ Pathos = is the passion, touching of the heart strings. Tell
the stories that make them laugh $ cry
¡ Logos = is the logic behind it all.Must give facts, details
 19

Level 4 : retention
¡ Listeners are more likely to retain information when
you use visuals to play a great part
¡ Retention is aided when you repeat information
¡ Give audience time to absorb what you say
¡ Audience participation
¡ Use humor and heart stories
 20

Ability to remember
People will remember :
¡ 20% of what they hear
¡ 30% of what they see
¡ 50% of what they see & hear
¡ 80% of what they hear, see & do
 21

Level 5 : Get them to act or do

¡ Listeners are more likely to take action from a presentation
if it’s not too much trouble.
¡ If you have incorporated their ideas, people will often talk
themselves into your point of view. Create audience
participation experiences that allow them to come to the
conclusion on their own
¡ When you conclude a session, reword your remarks using
terms they have come up with in discussions.
¡ The audience is more likely to take action if the presenter
gives an altar call.
 22

Preparation

What do you want to present (content)?

Who is your audience?
Why do you want to present (purpose)?
Where will you be presenting (place)?
When will you be presenting (place) ?
How do you want to present (words or presentation slides)
 23

Begin Your Presentation

¡ Get attention
- shock, asking questions, humor, story, facts &figures

¡ Motivate audience to listen

- listen to their problems and needs
 24

Structure your Presentation

¡ Sequence should be logical and understandable

¡ Supported by evidences
¡ Supported by visual or handouts or products offered
When to Use Graphics
¡  Reinforce the message
¡  Provide a roadmap to the structure
¡  Illustrate relationships or concepts visually
¡  Support an assertion
¡  Emphasize important ideas
¡  Maintain and enhance interest

Chapter 5 - 25
 Selecting the Right Type of Graph
Graph type Use this type to
Pie Compare proportions and relative amounts

Bars Convey absolute value data, relative

sizes, or close comparisons

Step or waterfall Convey differences

Histograms Show what’s typical or exceptional

Line Demonstrate trends or interactions

between variables

Scatter Plot Illustrate how well one thing predicts another

 Designing and Integrating Data Charts:
How Not to Label Pie Charts
Title does not
Law Firm Size
capture “so what?”
$ Millions

$67 Johnson &

Smith
$92.10
$243.70 James & Connelly
Kramer & Mattee
$177.80
Davis & Jimenez
$231.40 Brown &
Peterson

Legend
Source: Lawyer Reports, July 7, 2005 outside of
graph
Chapter 5 - 27
 Designing and Integrating Data Charts:
How to Label Pie Charts
Two Firms Have Highest Revenue
$ Millions Brown &
Peterson
Davis & $67 Johnson
Jimenez & Smith
$92.1 $243.7

$177.8
Kramer
& Mattee $231.4

James &
Source: Lawyer Reports, July 7, 2005. Connelly
.
Chapter 5 - 28
 Designing and Integrating Data Charts:
How Not to Do Bar Graphs
Chart junk
(unneeded Evaluation
zeroes)
Sales Two titles &
Bars too narrow; neither
$4,000
space between with
too wide meaning
$3,000
$2,000

$1,000
$0
98 99 00 01 02 03 Background
04 not
Year matrix implemented consistent with rest
of presentation
Chapter 5 - 29
 Designing and Integrating Data Charts:
How to do Bar Graphs
Sales Increase Since Matrix Implemented
$ in Billions
$4

0
98 99 00 01 02 03 04
Year
Matrix implemented
Chapter 5 - 30
 Chapter
Designing and Integrating Data Charts: 5 - 31
Another Poorly Designed Bar Chart
Axis label
Title does not
not rotated Market Assessment
capture “so what?”
for easy
reading §  Individual consumption of ice cream declining
compared to other dessert products
16
14
Production (Qts)

12
10
8 Ice Cream
6 Ice Milk
4 Others
2
0 Legend
outside of
Background not00 01 02 03 04
Years graph
consistent with rest
of presentation
 Chapter
5 - 32
Designing and Integrating Data Charts:
Effective Bar Chart

Desserts Increasing at Ice Creamʼs Expense

% of Total
8 21 Other
19 20 21
Desserts
23
23 22 22 23 Ice Milk

69 58 58 57 56 Ice
Cream

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

 Chapter
Designing and Integrating Data Charts: 5 - 33
How Not to Do a Line Graph
Axis label
not rotated
Financial Status Two titles &
for easy
reading neither
Divisional Performance
7 with
meaning
Revenue ($ MM)

6
5
4
Legend
3 outside of
2 graph
1
0
Background not 99 00 01 02 03 04
Division A
consistent with rest
Year Division B
of presentation
 Chapter
5 - 34
Designing and Integrating Data Charts:
How to Do a Line Graph
Division B Out Performing A

Revenue
($mm)
7 Division B
6
5
4
3
2
Division A
1
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Using Color and Animation to
Convey a Message
Three Forces Driving the Industry Profits

Force #1 Industry profit splits Force #3

Global, Petroleum
multi- 1980 2004 industry
industry Ind 50% 75% player
trends actions
Majors 40% 15%

Force #2
Industry-
specific supply
and demand

Chapter 5 - 35
Using Animation to Emphasize a Message
Supply and Demand Promote
Advanced Infrastructure

Promote
Supply advanced Demand
infrastructure

•  Encourage private •  Promote the use

investment of services
•  Make infrastructure •  Fund effort to
commitments promote services

Chapter 5 - 36
Another Example of the Use of Animation to
Emphasize a Message
Hiring of Assistants Not Keeping Up with
Growth in Executive Ranks

3:1 to 4:1 14

12

10

Assistants 8 58
45
35
Executives 25

2001 2002 2003 2004

Chapter 5 - 37
 Use of Animation to Build a Message

Performance History

1970s 1980s 1990s

•  Established •  Market share •  Market share

15% market increased to decreased to
share 25% 10%

•  Adjusted •  Split profits •  Spun off

royalties to peripheral
equal net •  Paid bonuses assets
profits

Chapter 5 - 38
 Just Because You Can,
Doesn't Mean You Should*

No!
Th The image
e cannot be

$30,000 Th The image

Th
e
im
ag
The image
cannot be
displayed.
Your
im
ag
e
ca
nn
displayed.
Your
computer
may not
have
e cannot be e computer ot enough
im displayed. ca may not be memory to
The The image ag Your nn have dis open the
ima cannot be e computer ot enough pla image, or
ge displayed. ca may not be memory to
Th The image ye the image
can Your nn have dis open the
e cannot be d. may have

$25,000
not computer ot enough pla image, or Yo been

No!
im displayed. be may not be memory to ye the image ur corrupted.
ag Your dis have dis open the d. may have co Restart
e computer pla enough pla image, or Yo been m your
ca may not yed memory to ye the image ur corrupted. pu computer,
nn have . open the d. may have co Restart your ter and then
ot enough Yo image, or Yo been m computer, ma open the
be memory to ur the image ur corrupted. pu and then y file again.
dis open the co may have co Restart ter open the no If the red x
pla image, or mp been m your ma file again. If t still
ye the image ute corrupted. pu computer, y the red x ha appears,

$20,000
d. may have r Restart your ter and then no still ve you may
Yo been ma computer, ma open the t appears, en have to
ur corrupted. y and then y file again. ha you may ou delete the
co Restart not open the no If the red x ve have to gh image and
m your hav file again. If t still en delete the me then insert
pu computer,

No!
e the red x ha appears, ou image and
ter and then m it again.
eno still ve you may gh then insert
ma open the or
ug appears, en have to me it again.
y file again. y
h you may ou delete the m
no If the red x to
me have to gh image and or
t still op
mo delete the me then insert y
ha appears, en

$15,000
ry image and m it again. to
ve you may th
to then insert or op
en have to e
ope it again. y en
ou delete the im
n to th
gh image and ag
the op e The image
me then insert e,
ima en im The image cannot be
m it again. or
ge, th The image ag cannot be displayed.
or th
or The image e cannot be e, displayed. Your
y The image e
the cannot be im displayed. or Your computer
to cannot be im
ima displayed. ag Your th computer may not
op displayed. ag
ge Your e, computer e may not have have enough
en Your e
ma computer may not im enough The image
to The cannot
image

$10,000
computer or The image
The cannot
image ma memory
th y may not have haveThe image
enough The cannot
image
may not th ag memory to cannotYour
be displayed. be y openbethe
displayed.
cannotYour be
e hav The image
enough The cannot
image be displayed.
memory to cannotYour be computer
haveThe image
enough The cannot
image e e opencomputer
the displayed.
may not ha image, or displayed.
may not
im e be displayed.
memory to cannotYour be opencomputer
the displayed.
may not image, orenough
the have enough
Your
be displayed.
memory to cannot be im ma have Your ve
ag bee opencomputer
the displayed.
may not have
image, or enough
Your memory computer
to open
openYour
the computer
displayed. ag y memory computer
to open be
e, n have
image, or enough
Your
the memory computer
to open the image,
mayor not
the
may
image, ornot
Your
have e ha the image,
mayor not
the en
or cor memory computer
to open the image,
mayor not
the image mayhavehave
enoughcomputer
memory ma ve image may
havehave cor
th rup the image,
mayor not
the image mayhavehave been corrupted.
enough
to openmaythe not y be been corrupted.
enough ru
e ted image mayhavehave been corrupted.
enough Restart memory
your to
image, have
or the ha en Restart memory
your to pt
im . been corrupted.
enough Restart memory
your to computer,open andthe
image may
enough
have ve cor computer,
open and
the ed.
ag Res Restart memory
your to computer,open andthe image, or
been corrupted.
memory to be ru image, or Re
e tart computer,open andthe image, or the image
Restartopen
your the en pt

$5,000
ma image, or the image sta
image, or you cor the image ed. may have
y the image may have rt
the image r ru may have Re been
ha may have been yo
may have co pt been sta corrupted.
ve been corrupted. ur
been mp ed. corrupted. rt Restart
be corrupted. Restart your co
corrupted. ute Re Restart yo your
en Restart your computer, m
Restart r, sta your ur computer,
cor computer, and then pu
your and rt computer, co and then
ru and then open the ter
computer, the yo and then m open the
pt open the file again. If ,
and then n ur open the pu file again.
ed. file again. If the red x an
open the ope co file again. ter If the red x
Re the red x still d
n If the red x still

$0
1 2 3 4 5 Revenue
*Chart provided by an MBA student as a bad example.
The image
cannot be
displayed.
Profit Before Tax
The image
Chapter 5 - 39
Profit After Tax
cannot be
displayed.
 40

Closing
¡ Last minutes of your presentation are as critical as the first few
minutes for a successful presentation
¡ Summarize your presentation - highlight important points
¡ Suggest action- what to do and when, where and how to do it
 41

Effective Delivery
§ Be active - move
§ Be purposeful – Need to control gestures
§ Variations, such as vocal variation (pitch, volume, rate)
§ Be natural
§ Be direct – don’t just talk in front of the audience talk to
them directly – make a conversation
 42

Handling The Audience

¡ Be sensitive
¡ Presentation is an interaction between you and audience
¡ “see” the audience
¡ Take non-verbal feedback from the audience
¡ See if you need to adjust your presentation to the audience
 43

Manage Your Visual Aid

¡ Keep your face to face communication with the audience ---
avoid keep looking at your visual aid
¡ Watch the layout and design of your visual aid: font size, color,
background, etc
¡ Point with a pen – not your finger
¡ Appropriate lighting
 44

Handling Questions
¡ Do not make any judgment towards any questions asked
¡ You are not supposed to know everything. You may give a
recommendation to the audience how to find the answer.
¡ Anticipate and keep answers ready
Presentation
¡  Dalam waktu 5 – 10 menit, ceritakanlah profiile
tokoh yang Anda pilih memiliki leadership
communication yang baik

¡  Buatlah garis besar ide Anda

¡  Buatlah presentasi semenarik mungkin dan

persuasif sehingga audience tertarik untuk
mengikuti hobi Anda.