kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple

fruit species

DEVIL GALA*

104 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and plum table
cane berries grapes

apple
I n terms of production, the apple is the most important species of fruit grown in Italy. With 2.2-2.3
metric tons produced annually, Italy vies with Poland for the highest annual production in Europe.
Italian production is stable or in slight increase, in contrast with Poland, which, due to cold damage,
has erratic production. International apple production is highly standardized, in terms of rootstocks
utilized (M9 and M9 clones) and tree training systems (slender spindle and spindle variants, in single
rows). Turnover of varietals has increased, with the use of more highly-coloured clones of traditional
cultivars such as Red Delicious, Gala, Fuji, Braeburn, etc., and also a growing number of new
introductions, often produced and sold with the “Club” formula to maintain control of the acreage
and the quality of apples sold in the fresh market. Of the two historically important varieties, Golden
Delicious has maintained its position as the most-cultivated variety in Italy, while the Red Delicious
group has decreased in importance. This trend has also been observed in the United States where
Red Delicious had been, for over a century, the dominant apple. Scab-resistant varieties are not
yet competitive with traditional cultivars but the number of these varieties with high fruit quality and
good storability are increasing. These varieties are better suited to organic cultivation than traditional
varieties are.

CLIMATE
The most aesthetically pleasing
fruit (fine skin, no russetting,
bright red, long shape) and
best storability are obtained in
alpine valleys, or between 400-
700 m above sea level, where
a large part of Italian apple
production is concentrated.
Generally, in low plains and
valleys the best flavour is
achieved, a fact of which in-
terested and informed con-
sumers are aware. Varieties
in the Gala and Fuji group as
well as the historical Annurca
find ideal growing conditions
in the plains of southern Italy
and can be very satisfactorily
produced there.

Apple rootstocks
rootstock origin vigour suitability positive negative
induced characteristics characteristics
Pajam® 1 Lancep* virus-free clone low irrigated fertile soil suitable for vigorous varieties slight suckering,
of M9 (-20% EMLA 9) spheroblasts
M9 T 337 NAKB virus-free clone low irrigated fertile soil affinity, early bearing, does poorly in heavy
of M9 (-15% EMLA 9) high production, fruit quality or drought-prone soils
M9 EMLA 9 virus-free clone medium-low irrigated fertile soil, affinity, early bearing, slight suckering,
of M9 even if heavy high production, fruit quality spheroblasts
Pajam® 2 Cepiland* virus-free clone medium-low irrigated fertile soil suitable for varieties suckering, produces
of M9 (+20% Pajam® 1) of medium vigour and medium spheroblasts
density orchards
M26 cross of M16* M9 medium irrigated fertile soil for spur or low-vigour not suited to asphytic soils
virus-free clone (+25% T 337 NAKB) varieties
Supporter® 4 Pi 80* cross of M16* M4 medium varied soil types for spur or low-vigour varieties
virus-free clone (+25% T 337 NAKB)
M106 Northern Spy* M1 high (+50-70% varied soil types, for spur or low-vigour varieties excessive vigour with
virus-free clone T 337 NAKB) except for compacted standard varieties
and waterlogged soils
M111 Northern Spy* Merton 973 high (+70-90% varied soil types, even for spur or low-vigour varieties excessive vigour with
virus-free clone T 337 NAKB) drought-prone and standard varieties
calcareous soils

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 105

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Vigour of apple rootstocks

150 150
140
130 130
120 120 122
110 110 110
100 100
95
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
PAJAM® 1 M9 T 337 M9 EMLA 9 PAJAM® 2 M26 SUPPORTER® M106 M111
LANCEP* NAKB Cepiland* 4 PI 80*

SOIL is M9, due to its low vigour, early to its affinity for all cultivars and
bearing and good production; it very low vigour (15-20% less
Rootstocks currently used (M9, does require support. The most than M9 EMLA), which make
M9 clones, Paradise clones) can common clones are M9 T337 it particularly suited to modern
be grown in all soil types except- NAKB, Pajam®1Lancep*, Pa- intensive orchards. Also, it pro-
ing extreme water-logging, ex- jam®2 Cepiland*, and M9 duces few burr knots, which in-
cess active lime, anomalous pH, EMLA. M9 T337 NAKB is the stead are present on M9 EMLA.
etc. The superficial root systems clone most used currently due Pajam®1Lancep*, even less vig-
of these rootstocks require irriga-
tion under even the most favour- Training systems and orchard spacing
able growing conditions.
training system tree spacing (m) trees/ha
slender spindle (hills, mountains) 3-3,2 * 0,8-1,2 2600-4160
ROOTSTOCK slender spindle (plains, valley) 3,5-3,7 * 0,9-1,3 2080-3180
SELECTION solaxe 4-4,5*1,2-1,5 1480-2080
V 3,5*0,7-0,8 3500-4000
Choice of rootstock is a key part super spindle 3-3,2*0,5 5700
of the process of putting in a trellised-Y 3,5*1 2860
new orchard. Graft affinity, vigour candelabra 3,5*1,5-2 1400-1900
control, early bearing and main-
taining adequate production are
the prerequisites for a rootstock. GOLDEN 527, 1st growing season
Over the years the English re-
search station in East Malling has
introduced the rootstocks M9,
M26 and M106 and their derived
clones, which are now an inte-
gral part of nursery production.
The evolution of higher density
orchards made dwarfing root-
stocks such as M9 necessary,
while M26 and M106 are used
where more vigour is required,
such as with spur cultivars and
in organic orchards. By far, the
most commonly used rootstock

106 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and
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grapes apple
orous, is recommended only for
vigorous varieties such as Fuji,
while Pajam®2 Cepiland*, due
to its medium vigour is suited for
medium density orchards or for
use with cultivars with low vig-
our; both have burr knots and
tendency to sucker.
Supporter®4 Pi 80*, of German
origin, is among the rootstocks
with intermediate vigour and is
an alternative to M26; it is well-
suited for use with Red Delicious
spur cultivars.
Among the new low-vigour
rootstocks is P22, of German
origin, which is still being tested
but seems suitable for dense
orchards and induces high pro-
ductivity. It requires fertile well-
prepared soil and suffers from
drought. It is suited for use with
vigorous varieties.
Regarding potential new vig-
orous rootstocks, of note is
M116, which is more vigorous
than M106. It is of interest for
spur cultivars and low-fertility
orchards or those with phytoph-
thora problems.

TRAINING
SYSTEMS

SLENDER SPINDLE ZHEN® AZTEC*, 3rd growing season

Slender spindle is the most com-
monly used training system for
apples. Mature trees are cone-
shaped, wide at the base and
narrower towards the top. Side
branches are shorter further up
the tree. At 70-80cm from the
ground, the basal scaffolds are
uniformly distributed in all direc-
tions and are nearly horizontal.
This training system is appropri-
ate for low-vigour areas (hill or
mountain orchards), where the
pruning that this system requires
doesn’t provoke excessive veg-
etative growth. The ideal nursery
stock to plant is the second-year
“knip-boom” or at least well-
feathered first-year nursery stock
with strong lateral branches from
70-80cm height upwards. Weak-
er first-year trees will have a later
entrance into production. In the
first 3-4 years in the orchard it is
necessary to bend and weight
branches below horizontal, or,
after eliminating vigorous shoots,
to allow the weight of the fruit to
open the branch angles. Water
sprouts and excessively vigorous
branches that compete with the
central axis should be removed.
Branch renewal is accomplished
with renewal pruning. To lower
the tree tip the central axis is cut
back to to an older branch at the
4th or 5th year.
SUPERSPINDLE
This system is the most inten-
sive, attempting to reach full
production in the 3rd year. At
planting, young trees have a
main branch with side branches
of diameter less than 1/3rd of
the trunk so that they do not
compete with the trunk: larger
or overlapping branches are
eliminated. This system can at-
tain high quality, high yield, early
bearing and reduced costs. This
system should be considered
only with appropriate combina-
tions of soil, climate, variety and
rootstock.

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 107

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

TRELLISED-Y
This system uses Y-pruned trees
ZHEN® AZTEC*
with the two main scaffolds ori-
ented along the rows, to create
a high and narrow wall of foliage
and fruit with improved light inter-
ception. The trellised-Y is appro-
priate for vigorous varieties. The
two main branches divide the
vegetative force of the tree over
more growing points, reducing
the bulk of the tree. This system
can be established in the field,
by topping new trees at planting
time, or by obtaining preformed
nursery stock. A modified form of
the Y is the candelabra, with tree
vigour distributed between three
main scaffolds.

SOLAXE
Both this form and the pruning
technique, called “Condotta
Centrifuga”, have been studied
and tested in France by a group
led by Dr. J. M. Lespinasse.
Solaxe does not use renewal
pruning. Branches are left intact
with all of the side branches
that form over time. Pruning,
other than bending of branches
in the first years as is done in
the slender spindle, consists
of removing branches that are
no longer fruitful and select-
ing branches to evenly distrib-
ute fruiting wood through the
canopy. The problem with this
training system is diminishing
fruit size as productive wood
ages, since renewal pruning is
not used. To get around this,
and to improve fruit colour, the
“Condotta Centrifuga” was
developed as described below:
1) limbs are bent nearly horizon-
tally, 2) the basal scaffold limbs
are ~1m off the ground, 3) all
vegetation within 40-50 cm of
the trunk is removed to create
a column of light, moving ap-
ple production further from the
trunk and improving apple col-
ouration and flavour, 4) removal
of buds or bud clusters to sim-
plify management.
The above procedures make it
possible to avoid some of the
problems typical of the spindle
when grown in plains or valley
areas, reducing the presence of
bitter pit (natural consequence
of severe pruning).
V-SYSTEM
This training system is formed
with trees oriented 30° from
perpendicular to the ground,
which form two productive
walls. This system requires
more structural support than
the classic spindle, but comes
into bearing earlier which com-
pensates for the larger per hec-
tare investment. The V-system
is suitable in mountain areas,
as in plains and valleys it can
produce fruit with inadequate
colour in the lower and inner
canopy. Pruning of individual
trees is as described for the
spindle.
POLLINATION
When in the planning phase of a
new orchard, it is necessary to
consider adequate cross-polli-
nation. In mono-varietal orchards
at least 10-15% of pollinizers
must be included along the rows
(even out of the rows); in these
cases Granny Smith is the best
cultivar to use due to its early
bloom and sensitivity to thinning
agents which guarantees strong
bloom the following year. Flow-
ering apples such as Evereste
and Prof. Sprenger can also be
used as pollinizers. In orchards
with multiple varieties, separated
by not more than 4-6 rows, it is
not necessary to put pollinizers
along the rows. In order to opti-
mize quantity and quality of yield,
it is advisable to have at least 4-5
hives of honeybees per hectare.
Alternatively, bumblebees can be
used (2-4 hives/ha).

108 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes apple
CRIMSON CRISP® Coop39*

DEVIL GALA*

IRRIGATION

Irrigation water can be distribut-

ed by drip lines, micro sprinklers
or overhead sprinklers. Over-
head sprinklers have the advan-
tage of being useful to prevent
frost damage in the spring and to
cool the orchards in the summer.
Drip irrigation provides the most
efficient use of water, but in hot
and dry years it must be used
precisely and in a timely manner
to avoid physiological stress. In
alterative to drip irrigation, micro
sprinklers can be used to soak
Drip irrigation for apples more soil in the root zone, giv-
MONTH
average
daily crop mm/day irrigation total volume liters per
ing the roots a larger volume of
evaporation coefficient necessary interval in in m3/ha tree soil to extract water from. The
in mm days
possibility of combining irrigation
June 5 0,6 3 1 30 8,4
1st-15th methods to get the advantages
June 5,5 0,6 3,3 1 33 9,24 of each type is interesting.
16th-30th
July 6 0,7 4,2 1 42 11,76
1st-15th
July 6 0,7 4,2 1 42 11,76
16th-31st FRUIT
August 6 0,7 4,2 1 42 11,76 THINNING
1st-15th
August 5 0,7 3,5 1 35 9,80
16th-31st This technique is of fundamen-
September 3,5 0,7 2,45 1 24,5 6,86 tal importance and is specific
1st-15th
September 3 0,7 2,1 1 21 5,88
to each variety. It is necessary
16th-30th for almost all varieties, and de-

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 109

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Ripening dates of apple varieties (relative to Golden Delicious clone B)

in Emilia-Romagna Golden Delicious clone B ripens September 15th
Variety July August September October
days with respect to
Golden Delicious clone B
-30 TR SUMMERFREE*
-27 DEVIL GALA*
-27 ANNAGLO*
-27 RUBY GALA® Gala rossa*
-27 ROYAL BEAUT® Proselect*
-27 SCHNIGA® Schnitzer*
-27 GALAXY* Selecta®
-12 RED CHIEF® Camspur*
-10 EARLY RED ONE® Erovan*
-10 JEROMINE*
-10 RED CAP® Valtod*
-10 SCARLET SPUR® Evasni*
-10 SUPERCHIEF® Sandidge*
-10 RENETTA DEL CANADA
-8 TR CRIMSON CRISP® Coop 39*
0 GOLDEN Clone B
0 GOLDEN Clone B LB*
0 GOLDEN SMOOTHEE® CG10YD*
0 GOLDEN 527®
0 GOLDEN RUGGINE
+5 TR PRIMIERA® Coop 42*
+7 ROYAL BRAEBURN*
+7 TR BRINA*
+8 GOLD CHIEF® Gold Pink*
+8 TR GOLDEN ORANGE*
+10 TR FLORINA
+12 SWEET STONE*
+15 ANNURCA ROSSA DEL SUD
+15 ANNURCA BELLA DEL SUD
+15 GRANNY SMITH
+15 NEIPLING EARLY STAYMAN
+15 SUPERSTAYMAN
+15 TR BAUJADE
+20 ZHEN® Aztec*
+20 KIKU® Fubrax*
+25 IMPERATORE (MORGENDUFT)
+25 IMPERATORE DALLAGO
+30 TR GOLD RUSH® Coop 38*
+35 SIMIRENKO

LEGEND TR: scab resistant harvest date ripening date

pends strongly on the grow-
ing environment. Today almost
all chemical thinning products
are hormonal. The end of the
use of Carbaryl (2008) forced
growers to change their thin-
ning strategies; the suggested
replacement is benzyladenine
(BA), effective only on some of
the most important cultivars and
groups (Golden, Fuji, Gala par-
tially). It has almost no thinning
effect on standard and spur Red
Delicious. The effect of chemical
thinning is not uniform across
years, and sometimes pygmy
fruit are noted. In addition to
benzyladenine, naphthalene
acetamide (NAD) can be used
at petal fall to prepare the trees
for the next spray. This prod-

110 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach
cane berries
uct is advisable for some vari-
etal groups (Golden, Gala and
Granny), and strongly discour-
aged for others (Fuji and Red
Delicious). Another thinner, to
be used at 10 mm fruit diame-
ter, is Alpha-naphthalene acetic
acid (NAA), which is not always
effective especially in plains and
valley areas where pygmy fruit
are observed on some varie-
ties (Fuji, Red Delicious). In the
last few years much work has
been done on floral thinning, a
bush and
plum table
grapes
SUPERCHIEF® Sandidge*
JEROMINE*
difficult and risky practice. Two
products recommended for this
use are Ethephon and ammo-
nium thiosulfate, especially use-
ful for Fuji and Red Delicious.
A new approach is mechani-
cal thinning, carried out during
bloom by machines with whips.
These machines can be used on
trees trained to a wall or with a
columnar canopy as described
above (spindle, superspindle
and trellised-Y) rather than the
traditional open vase.
apple
FRUIT
APPEARANCE
Fruit appearance is kept in mind
when selecting sprays and cul-
tural practices, with the goal
of achieving apples with very
smooth shiny skin (epidermis)
with no russetting or lesions.
It is important to avoid certain
products, such as copper, dithi-
ocarbamate, concentrated liquid
products for emulsions, dodine,
and foliar fertilizers with Mn-
Zn-Fe, from the pink floral bud
stage onwards. It is also recom-
mended to minimize the mixing
of phytosanitary products in dif-
ferent formulations (for example:
liquid-powder).
Recommended sprays are kao-
lin- or gibberellin-based.
HARVEST
Picking the fruit at the right stage
is of critical importance for good-
tasting fruit of high commercial
quality: during ripening physi-
ological and chemical processes
occur in the fruit, resulting in
increased fruit size, decreased
VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 111
 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Variety Starch test class Firmness Soluble solids Acidity

(kg/cm2) (°brix) (meq/100ml)
Braeburn 2,5 +/-0,2 8,2 12 9,4
Fuji 3,5 +/-0,2 N/A 14-15 6
Florina 3,5 +/-0,2 7 12,5-13 8
Gala (group) 3,5 +/-0,2 7 +/-0,5 12-14 5
Golden 3 +/-0,2 starch breakdown 6,5 +/-0,5 12,0 6-7
and similar cultivars often irregular
Gold Pink 3,5 +/-0,2 7,0 +/-0,5 14-16 8
Granny Smith 2,5 +/-0,2 7,5 +/-0,5 10-12 8-8,5
Imperatore and similar cultivars 2,8 +/-0,2 7,0 +/-0,5 12,5-13 8-8,5
Primiera 3,5 +/-0,2 N/A 13,5 7
Red chief, Superchief, Red Cap 3,5 +/-0,2 7,0 +/-0,5 13-14 5
Red Delicious 2,3+/-0,2 6,5 +/-0,5 11-13 4-4,5
Renetta 2,5 +/-0,2 9 +/-0,5 14,0 12
Stayman (group) 2,5 +/-0,2 7,0 +/-0,5 11-12 7,5-10

Progressive levels
of starch degradation
in cross-sectioned apples

flesh firmness and the transfor- penetrometer that, after remov-

mation of starch into simple sug-
ars. The assessment of these
changes via simple tests allows
the proper timing of harvest.
FLESH FIRMNESS
AS MEASURED BY
PENETROMETER
The resistance of the flesh to
compression tends to decrease
as the fruit near physiological
maturity. Each variety has its own
specific value which indicates the
optimum timing for harvest. This
value is expressed in kg/cm2 and
is measured using a tool called a
ing about 3 cm2 of skin, punc-
tures the flesh and measures
resistance to compression. The
tip for the penetrometer specifi-
cally for apples measures about
11mm. The selection of fruits for
testing is of key importance: it is
advisable to take sample fruits
from at least 10 trees, removing
them from the external portion of
the canopy at shoulder height.
Each fruit is tested on both sides.
Below there is a table listing rela-
tive firmness measurements for
some apple varieties, at harvest-
readiness. These values should

112 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum
grapes
ROYAL BEAUT® Proselect*
be compared to values from the
starch test.
STARCH DEGRADATION
TEST
This test is very reliable in apple,
because there is a direct correla-
tion between starch content in the
fruit and their maturity. The gradu-
al decrease in starch can be seen
with a visual colorimetric test, as
starch reacts with Lugol’s solution
(iodine and potassium iodine) and
gives different shades of colour
according to how much starch
is present in the fruit when the
test is conducted. The solution is
prepared by adding 10 g of po-
tassium iodide and 3 g of iodine
sublimate to 1 L of water. Contact
of this solution with the flesh of cut
apples shows various shades of
blue, which can be compared to
photos to estimate the ripeness of
the fruit. Apples are cut equatori-
ally and immersed in solution for
about 1 minute. Varying shades of
blue can then be noted and com-
pared to the table shown here to
ANNAGLO* gauge ripeness. Fruit sampling
table
apple
technique is important and is car-
ried out as described for the pen-
etrometer test.
VARIETIES
ANNURCA ROSSA DEL SUD
AND ANNURCA BELLA DEL
SUD
Ripening date: +15 Golden Delicious
Origin: ISF Rome, Caserta station,
Italy
General characteristics: clones
derived from the old Annurca cul-
tivar that is still common in the
region of Campania; with respect
to the original, both clones are
more highly coloured at harvest
and thus do not require the fruit
to be placed in “fruttaio”; fruit
is medium-sized, flattened, red
blush, white flesh, firm, crisp, not
juicy. Pleasant sugar-acid balance.
BRAEBURN (GROUP)
Ripening date: +7 Golden Delicious,
rather short harvest window.
Origin: selected in New Zealand from
free pollination of Lady William.
VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 113
 AIR SPRAYERS

When work
becomes passion.
SAE successfully solves any problem related to crop
protection since 1946, by adapting its original fan systems
to the features of the plantations, on the basis
of the tractor power used: the availability of 38 fan systems,
with axial and centrifugal blowers, confirms it.
From tropical plants, to the traditional vineyard and orchards,
from plant nurseries to greenhouses, from olive trees
to citrus orchards, SAE can always provide you
with the most suitable air sprayer.
 SERVIZIO DI ACCERTAMENTO DELLE
CARATTERISTICHE FUNZIONALI
DELLE MACCHINE AGRICOLE

CERTIFICATO n° 05 - 073
Certifying
our products
has always been
a guarantee.
Irroratrice: Turbmatic P 65/300 Exp.
Ditta: S.A.E. di Poltronieri & C. S.a.s.
Via Due Abeti, 17/A - 44100 Ferrara
Roma, 1996
Yours.
Certifying our air sprayers is essential for us, always,
in order to provide a guarantee to our Customers about
performance and safety of the products. We have always
obtained these results relying on the most recognized
Certification Authorities of the sector. We have achieved
positive results concerning, for example, the distribution
of the chemical, the symmetrical air flow and the mixing
capacity in the tank. The low power absorption
is one of our winning characteristics, thanks to fan systems
which deliver from 2300 to 3000 m3 of air/hour kw:
this allows to obtain high performances with tractors
of medium-low power, with minimum fuel consumption
and less pollution.

Example of diagram of chemical distribution

www.turbmatic.com - www.portersae.com
Range “P” Towers
Tractor mounted sprayers:
with rear aspiration
available with tanks from 300 Available with propellers
to 1000 liters, of ø 650-810-910 mm
extremely robust and air flow
frames suitable regulators.
to be assembled
with all
TURBMATIC
fan systems.

Front Aspiration “Classic Fan System”

with nozzles inside-outside the air flow, Tanks from 600 to 3000 lt. capacity, in polyethylene or in
available with propellers of ø 650-810-910 mm. fiberglass, with fan systems of ø 650-810-910 mm - certified -
with low power absorption and symmetrical distribution.

International Patent “Mk2” Tank

The freshwater tank longitudinally
mounted in the main tank ,
beyond reinforcing the overall
structure, lowers the barycenter
of the machine rendering it stable
on hilly or sloping surfaces
and during the road circulation.

FAN SYSTEMS, WITH AXIAL

AND CENTRIFUGAL FANS,
ORIGINAL SAE-TURBMATIC
 GDC

Anti-drift system DOUBLE FLOW

blowers range - Biflux:
With manual activation or with electrical cylinders. For very high and large plants such as walnuts
and orange trees, with propellers ø 810-910-1100 mm.

Tower “TWIN”
with front aspiration Double fan system
and tangential distribution for high productivity.

For vineyards, orchards and citrus trees

Dp65-Dp81-Dp91.

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Centrifugal Centrifugal
blowers with blowers
flexible terminal with rigid
“TF” terminal
To always
“TR”
hit the target.
Available
in 7 versions
for tractors
with power
from 30 cv.

Inter-row herbicide booms TURBMATIC Mod. SV - SF - SL

Single or double, with hydraulic movements,
to adapt to every kind of plantation.
PORTER
Fork
Lifts
The transportation of the goods is safer
with the quality of the PORTER fork-lifts: frame
in laminated steel and sliding on bearings,
Duplex or Triplex, with one or two
lifting cylinders.
The PORTER range offers models with
lifting height ranging from 1800 to 4000 mm
and lifting capacity from 1000 to 2000 kg.
www.turbmatic.com - www.portersae.com - www.saefe.com
A story started in 1946
From the beginning
of our story we have
aimed at growing by
making the most of every input
coming from the external environment
and from the constant dialogue
with our Customers and their issues.
Thanks to the value of the experience
of our people, who design and build personally
the machines, we have always been able
to provide customized solutions.
Experience and innovation
Thanks to our experience developed
on the field, in Italy and Abroad,
and our propensity to understand the problems
and find new solutions, we have always been
able to innovate, manage and solve any
situation concerning differences within territory,
climate and cultivation methods. Because
our most important target is called future.
Federazione Nazionale Costruttori
Macchine per l’Agricoltura
Via Due Abeti 17/A
44122 FERRARA - ITALY
Tel.+39 0532 770897 - Fax +39 0532 51541
info@saefe.it
 kiwifruit apricot chestnut
Gener al char ac teris tic s : Fruit
of medium-size but of high spe-
cific weight. Dark red over at
least 40% of skin, flesh is firm
and compact though it tends to
lose texture when grown in val-
ley s and plains. Suit able for
long storage; compact semi-spur
tree. Variety especially suited to
mountainous areas, susceptible
to bitter pit.
- ROYAL BRAEBURN*
Origin: New Zealand
Proprietor: Mondial Fruit Selection
SARL, France
General characteristics: clone with
intense brightly striped coloration,
much superior to the original.
120 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI
cherry strawberry
FUJI (GROUP)
Ripening date: medium-late, about
20 days after Golden Delicious.
Origin: The original variety was
selected in Japan (Morioka) in 1939,
from a cross of Rall’s Janet x Red
Delicious.
General characteristics: The fruit
of the original variet y is t wo-
toned, firm-fleshed, juicy and
crisp, sweet and slightly acidic;
red blush is striped or uniform
depending on the clone, much
more highly coloured than the
original variety. Stores very well,
comparable to Golden Delicious;
m ul t iple p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h e
orchard at harvest guarantee ade-
quate colour. Not widely grown
minor almond apple
fruit species
GOLD CHIEF® Gold Pink*
until 1970, when the perfection of
orchard management techniques
to attain high quality standards
(colour and size) and the availabil-
ity of new clones made Fuji more
popular in Japan and then interna-
tionally. It is well-suited to plains
and valleys; requires careful thin-
ning to avoid alternate bearing.
- KIKU® Fubrax*
Origin: Cornaiano (BZ), Italy; muta-
tion of Fuji Kiku®8Brak*
Proprietor: Kiku srl, Italy.
General characteristics: recently
introduced clone, with intense
red striping, better colour of fruit
with les s sun ex posur e than
Kiku®8Brak*; excellent fruit quality.
walnut pear peach
cane berries
- ZHEN® Aztec*
Origin: New Zealand.
Proprietor: Mondial Fruit Selection
SARL, France.
General characteristics : vigor-
ous clone with open growth habit
(recommended rootstocks Pajam 1
Lancep and M9 T337 NAKB). Fruit
are uniformly intense bright red,
even in the interior of the canopy.
Relative to other clones it is less
bush and
plum table
grapes
susceptible to alternate bearing
and fruits are not as sensitive to
sunburn. Excellent flavour, aro-
matic, flesh sweet and crisp; fruit
must be harvested above 14°Brix;
stores well. The diffuse red col-
ouring of the fruit allows reduces
harvest passes (1-2). Suitable for
growing in all areas.
GALA (GROUP)
Ripening da te : -30-35 Golden
Delicious.
Origin: the original variety, Gala,
was selected in New Zealand from a
cross of Kidds Orange Red x Golden
Delicious.
Gener al char ac teris tic s : T his
group includes the best summer
apple
apples, cultivated all over the
world in apple-growing areas ;
the fruit has firm juicy, crisp flesh
with sweet and slightly aromatic
flavour; conic shape and exten-
sive red blush on 70-100 % of
the skin; the type of blush (uni-
form or striped) depends on the
clone, of those selec ted over
years. This variety is particularly
suited for mountainous and hilly
areas, though today there are also
new clones suited to valleys and
plains. Orchard management tech-
niques should be oriented towards
improving colour and size, con-
sidering that this variety is very
productive and is harvested early
in the season.
VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 121
 kiwifruit apricot chestnut
- ANNAGLO*
Origin: New Zealand.
Proprietor: Mondial Fruit Selection
SARL, France.
General characteristics : clone
with prominent thin and regu-
lar stripes, blush extensive and
bright, early variety with good
colour even in plains areas; pro-
nounced bright red colour over the
whole fruit surface, about 5-7 days
before other clones; high and con-
sistent production, large fruit size,
excellent flavour. Physiological
maturity is reached a few days
before the other clones.
- DEVIL GALA*
Origin: mutation noticed and selected
in Italy.
Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italy
General characteristics : vigor-
ous tree, consistent high yield.
Uniform lar ge fr uit size, with
in t en s e dar k r ed c olour o v er
the entire fruit surface; reddish
stem. Fruit develop colour very
early, about 7 days before the
122 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI
cherry strawberry
other earliest clones; this is the
most coloured clone of Gala cur-
rently available.
- GALAXY*
Origin: mutation selected in New
Zealand, matures 25-27 days before
Golden Delicious.
Proprietor: MFS/Valois, France.
General characteristics: striped
clone, stripes develop early and
are more pronounced than Mondial
Gala® Mitchgla*. Vivai F.lli Zanzi
uses buds originating from Valois’
“Selecta®”, with more prominent
stripes and less subject to colour
loss.
- ROYAL BEAUT® Proselect*
Origin: Robert Zulch, Wakkerstorm,
South Africa.
Proprietor: Johann Nicolai, Belgium.
Gener al c har ac t er is tic s : t his
clone develops colour early, as in
Annaglo*; colouration is dark red
with slight striping; good coloura-
tion also in plains areas. Size and
yield high and consistent.
minor almond apple
fruit species
GOLDEN 527®
- RUBY GALA® Gala Rossa*
Origin : mutation of Gala Must
noticed in New Zealand.
Proprietor: Fruit Growing Equipment,
Italy.
Gener al c har ac t er is tic s : t r ee
with medium vigour and high and
consistent yield, uniform exten-
sive colouration even in plains
areas. Develops colour at the
same time as Annaglo*. This is
the best clone of its type for uni-
form colouration. Fruit are not
subject to cracking.
- SCHNIGA® Schnitzer *
Origin: Italy.
Proprietor: Schniga srl, Italy.
General characteristics: striped
clone suited for all areas, espe-
ciall y f oo t hills, w her e i t has
high and consistent production.
Fruit with prominent stripes of
intense dark red. The introduc-
tion of the virus-free clone has
improved the general character-
istics.
walnut pear peach
cane berries
SWEET STONE*
GOLD CHIEF® Gold Pink*
Ripening date: +8 Golden Delicious.
Origin: obtained in 1981 from CMVF
of Bologna, Italy, from a cross of
Starkcrimson x Golden Delicious.
Proprietor: CRPV, Italy; available
exclusively from Vivai F.lli Zanzi in EU
and extra EU.
General characteristics: Compact,
semi-spur, high vigour, with high
and consistent yield, no alternate
bearing. Intense yellow fruit is
attractive with slight red blush
over 20-40% of the surface. The
shape is conic and ribbed, as
Red Delicious, with symmetric
bumps. Firm, crisp, juicy flesh,
flavourful fruit with good sugar
acid balance (RSR>14°Brix), aro-
matic. Excellent storage poten-
tial. Of interest for mountainous
and hilly areas where fruit aes-
thetics and flavour are best. In
2007 this was the best cultivar of
the 12 most common within the
European Union, as evaluated
by the ISAFRUIT European taste
panel.
bush and
plum table
grapes
GOLDEN DELICIOUS
(GROUP)
Ripening date: from mid-September
(plains and valleys) though early
October (in the mountains)
Origin: selected from a seedling of
unknown origin, noticed in the USA.
General characteristics: Golden
Delicious is t he mo s t widel y
grown apple in the world, suit-
able for all growing areas though
particularly suited for hills and
mountains where it may take on
a light pink blush. In plains slight
russetting may occur. Skin colour
is bright yellow with pronounced
lenticels, flesh is crisp and juicy
with sweet flavour. Excellent stor-
age potential up through 10-12
apple
SWEET STONE
months. For this variety, breeding
work has focused on identifying
clones with less or no russetting.
- GOLDEN 527
General characteristics: excellent
flavour, no russetting. Lenticels
not pronounced, pale greenish
tinge.
- GOLDEN CLONE B
Dutch clone, suited for hilly or moun-
tains areas. In plains can show rus-
setting.
- GOLDEN CLONE B LB*
Origin: clonal selection of Golden
Clone B identified at the istituto
Sperimentale of Lainburg (BZ), Italy.
VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 123
 kiwifruit apricot chestnut
GOLDRUSH® COOP38*
General characteristics : clone
improved relative to the original
for decreased russetting and bet-
ter shape.
- GOLDEN RUGGINE
General characteristics: russetted
clone appropriate for markets that
prize this kind of apple. Excellent
flavour, sweet and juicy.
- GOLDEN SMOOTHEE®
CG10YD*
Proprietor: Castang, France.
General characteristics: with no or
slight russetting, suitable for all
zones including plains.
GRANNY SMITH
Ripening date: +15 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: cultivar of Australian origin.
Gener al char ac teris tic s : fr uit
is completely green, large and
spherical, very acidic flavour. Low
efficacy of thinning sprays and
strong rebloom make this a good
pollinizer. Good storage potential
but should be treated with a scald
inhibitor.
124 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI
cherry strawberry
IMPERATORE (GROUP)
Ripening date: +25 Golden Delicious.
Origin: selected as a seedling of
unknown parentage in Ohio (USA).
General characteristics: tree of
limited vigour and open growth
habit; large fruit of slightly flat-
tened spherical shape, more or
less uniform red colour, white
flesh is not particularly aromat-
ic. Many improved clones have
been obtained from the original
parent for the fresh market; the
original r emains the bes t for
some industrial uses (for exam-
ple, solid pack). Extremely pro-
ductive.
- IMPERATORE DALLAGO
General characteristics: mutation
of Imperatore (Morgenduft), with
good striped colour and large fruit
size; visible lenticels, most attrac-
tive when grown in hill and moun-
tain zones.
- IMPERATORE
(MORGENDUFT)
General characteristics: well-suit-
ed to industrial use.
minor almond apple
fruit species
RED DELICIOUS (GROUP)
Ripening date: -10 Golden Delicious
Origin: exact genetic origin unknown,
discovered in Iowa (USA).
Gener al char ac teris tic s : f r uit
conic, s ymmetrical and elon-
gated, garnet red over the whole
fruit surface, melting aromatic
flesh tends to be starchy; good
s ugar c on t en t par tic ular l y in
clones of standard growth habit.
This group is most suited to hill
and mountain zones, with clones
that differ in growth habit, either
standard or spur. Thanks to natu-
ral and induced mutations, new
clones have been obtained which
have replaced the original vari-
ety; a prerequisite of new com-
mercial clones is complete red
walnut pear peach
cane berries
SUMMERFREE*
coloration (this varietal group is
placed among red and not-bicol-
our apples).
- EARLY RED ONE® Erovan*
Origin: mutation discovered in the
USA
Proprietor: Mondial Fruit Selection
SARL, France
General characteristics: standard
form, of medium vigour and early
bearing; intense red colour.
- JEROMINE*
Origin: French mutation of Early Red
One® Erovan*
Proprietor: Mondial Fruit Selection
SARL, France
General characteristics: stand-
ard form of medium-low vigour,
bush and
plum table
grapes
extremely productive, fruit uni-
formly dark red, high qualit y.
Ripens at the same time as Early
Red One® Erovan*, about 5 days
before Red Delicious spur types.
Fruit is conic, symmetric, slightly
ribbed; large size, higher quality
than other Red Delicious clones.
Stores well with (7 months) and
wi t hou t ( 3 mon t h s ) modified
atmosphere.
- RED CAP® VALTOD*
Origin: USA.
Proprietor: KIKU srl, Italy.
General characteristics: spur-type
tree of medium-high vigour, con-
sistently high yield; fruit of uniform-
ly large size, conic and elongated,
bright red colour over the entire sur-
apple
PRIMIERA® Coop 42*
face of the fruit. Colour develops
early.
- RED CHIEF® Camspur*
Ripening date: -12 Golden Delicious.
Origin: mutation of King Oregon
Spur discovered in Georgia (USA).
Proprietor: Fruit Growing Equipment,
Italy.
Gener al char ac teris tic s : spur
clone, tree of high vigour and pro-
ductivity; fruit of medium-large
size with marked striping over the
fruit.
- SCARLET SPUR® Evasni*
Origin: American mutation of Oregon
Spur.
Proprietor: Mondial Fruit Selection
SARL, France.
VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 125
 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

General characteristics : Clone

with spur habit and uniform dark
red colour that develops early.
Fruit is conic, regular, with 5 evi-
dent bumps on the calyx end. This
clone is slightly more vigorous
than SuperChief® Sandidge*, and
is the clone of reference for the
standard growth habit.

- SUPERCHIEF® Sandidge*
Origin: mutation of Red Chief®
Camspur*.
Proprietor: Pépinières du Valois,
France.
Gener al char ac teris tic s : spur
clone, perfect fruit shape: regular,
elongated, with 5 points evident.
Brilliant intense red on 100% of
the fruit surface. The clone of ref-
erence. High and consistent yield,
good flavour.

RENETTA DEL CANADA

(GROUP)
Ripening date: -10 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: selected in France.
General characteristics : sever-
al varieties are included in this
gr oup ( Reines des Reinet tes,
Reinet te Gris, de Champagne
etc). Fruit is distinctive for its
flattened and ribbed form, rus-
setted skin and light green col-
our, acidic and highly aromatic
melting flesh. Suited for gourmet
use. Grown only in mountainous
zones, the semi-russetted type
(Renetta del Canada Bianca) in
Val di Non and the russetted type
(Renetta del Canada Grigia) in
Val d’Aosta.
SIMIRENKO
Ripening date: +35 days Golden
Delicious
Origin: Simirenko, Ukraine
Proprietor: not under patent
General characteristics: the fruit
is symmetric, uniformly green,
juicy, firm, of pleasant sweet-tart
balanced flavour, aromatic; tree
of medium-high vigour, standard-
open growth habit and high and
consistent yield. Very tolerant of
FUJI KIKU® Fubrax*
winter low temperatures, which
has allowed its cultivation all over
Central Asia.
STAYMAN (GROUP)
Ripening date: +20 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: selected from a population of
seedlings of unknown parentage in
Kansas (USA).
Gener al char ac teris tic s : fr uit
conic, wine-red with typical rus-
setting in the stem cavity; flesh
fine-textured, acidic with intense
aroma. Harvest date must be cho-
sen with care, as fruit harvested
too early are susceptible to bitter
pit and to scald.
- NEIPLING EARLY STAYMAN
General characteristics : highly
coloured clone, good fruit flavour;
resistant to cracking.
- SUPERSTAYMAN
General characteristics: clone of
interest for reduced risk of crack-
ing and for more extensive colour-
ing than Neipling Early.
SWEET STONE*
Ripening date: +12 days Golden
Delicious
Origin: Italy
Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italy
General characteristics: tree of
medium vigour, standard growth
habit, high and consistent pro-
ductivity (not alternate bearing);
early entrance into production.
Fruit with smooth intense yel-
low skin, no russetting, regular
shape, striped red colouration
over 80 % of the fruit sur face.
Firm flesh, low acidity and high
sugar content (SS 16-18°Brix),
aromatic, pleasant flavour. Very

126 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes apple
firm, sweet, crisp and juicy. High
quality, with aromatic and sweet
flavor and sufficient acidity. Good
storage potential, without physi-
ological problems. Tends to set 1,
or at maximum 2, fruit from each
flower cluster, reducing the need
for thinning (self-thinning variety).
Fruit production is concentrated
on the distal part of the branch-
es giving the plant a “weeping”
look; requires pruning strategies
to leave the distal portions of the
branches. Suitable for all zones.

FLORINA
Ripening date: +10 days Golden
Delicious.
Proprietor: INRA, France.
General characteristics: French
cultivar, very vigorous, round fruit
with intense red blush and average
flavor.

interesting, as it mirrors the pref-
erences of modern consumers,
who want crispness, firmness,
aroma and good flavour.
VARIETIES RESISTANT
TO SCAB
BAUJADE
Ripening date: +15 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: France.
General characteristics: fruit is
completely green with prominent
green lenticels, flavor and aroma
similar to Granny Smith.
BRINA*
Ripening date: +7 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: A. Bergamini
Proprietor: CRA
ROYAL BRAEBURN*
General characteristics: fruit is
conic, regular, symmetric, with
yellow skin and red uniform blush
with slight stripes; flesh is firm,
crisp and juicy, aromatic with
pleasant flavor. Good s tor age
potential. Tree of medium vigour
and open growth habit, fruits on
spurs. Highly productive, early
bearing. In addition to being
resistant to scab, it is resistant
to powdery mildew.
CRIMSON CRISP® Coop39*
Ripening date: -8-10 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: American cultivar selected by
Prof. J. Janick, Purdue University.
Proprietor: CRPV, Italy; exclusive to
Zanzi Vivai within Italy.
General characteristics: fruit is
spheric, symmetrical, with brilliant
red over much of the skin; flesh
GOLDEN ORANGE*
Ripening date: +8 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: A. Bergamini
Proprietor: CRA - FRF Forlì, Italy
General characteristics: fruit conic,
regular, symmetrical; yellow skin
with red blush in the part exposed
to the sun; flesh firm, crisp, juicy,
with pleasant sweet flavor and
aroma, with sufficient acidity. Tree
of medium vigour and open growth
habit, high yield and early bearing.
Average susceptibility to powdery
mildew. AVAILABLE FROM 2015.
GOLDRUSH® Coop38*
Ripening date: +30 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: American cultivar selected by
Prof. J. Janick, Purdue University.
Proprietor: CRPV, Italy; exclusive to
Zanzi Vivai within Italy.
General characteristics: tree of
medium-low vigour, ver y pro-
ductive, fruits with high specific
weigh t ; Golden -t y pe, yello w -
green colour with evident lenti-
cels (no russetting); flesh very
firm, crisp and juicy; pleasant
flavour, bo th acidic and ver y
sweet. Good storage potential.

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 127

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

PRIMIERA® COOP 42* firm, white flesh, attractive yel- SUMMERFREE*

Ripening date: +5 days Golden
Delicious.
Origin: American cultivar selected by
Prof. J. Janick, Purdue University.
Proprietor: CRPV, Italy; exclusive to
Zanzi Vivai within UE.
General characteristics: fruit with
low skin with subtle lenticels; fla- Ripening date: -30 days Golden
vour inferior to Golden Delicious. Delicious
To optimize flavour, making it Origin: A. Bergamini
aromatic and juicy, har vest at Proprietor: CRA
straw-coloured skin is advisable. General characteristics: fruit of
Production is high and consistent, conic form, red on 60-70% of its
not alternate. surface, flesh juicy, sweet, of good
quality.

Nutrition programme to improve the production of Apple tree

From bud swell Up to 50% Full bloom Petals fall - Fruit Walnut-sized Fruit Picking
to pink bunches flowering setting fruit enlargement

soil application

20 l/ha 20 l/ha
IDROL-VEG Increases the soil microflora and improves the soil structure Improves the fertilizers absorption
and prevents the leaching

foliar application

2 kg/ha 3 kg/ha
LEVO-ENERGY Biostimulant, enhances the vegetation growth. Prevents and cares Prevents the alternation of production. Enhances the fruit deve-
from frost and spring stress lopment . Helps the plant to whitstand the high temperatures
3 l/ha
IDROL-VEG Enhances the absorption and the effectiveness of pesticides treatements (acid pH).
Helps buds differentation and improves the uniform coloration of the skin

EVOL 5 l/ha by 3-6 times for the fruit enlargement. Improves the
preservation and the shelf-life. Reduces the fruit loss of weight

For further information please contact our Technical Department

L.E.A Srl Tel.+39 059 86.38.811 Fax +39 059 86.38.017 Email: info@leaagricoltura.it Web site: www.leaagricoltura.it

128 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

 walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes apple

Pest and disease management for Apple

DISEASE Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

BUDBREAK

APPLE SCAB COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 250-300 g/hl

(Venturia inaequalis)

APPLE CANKER
(Nectria galligena) COPPER HYDROXIDE 25% 140-150 g/hl

DISEASE Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

PIRIMICARB 17,5% 200 g/hl

THROUGH PINK

ROSY APPLE APHID

GREEN TIPS

(Dysaphis plantaginea)
BUTTON

TEPPEKI FLONICAMID 50% 14 g/hl

SAN JOSÉ SCALE

(Comstockaspis JUVINAL 10 EC PYRIPROXYFEN 10% 40 g/hl Add mineral oil.
perniciosa)

Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

Recommended in young
DIQUAT 17% 3,3 - 5 l/ha orchards and nurseries.
WEEDS (BROAD-LEAVED
AND GRASSY ANNUALS AND Only in bearing orchards, for use with
shielded equipment. Dosage depends
PERENNIALS) GLYPHOSATE 27,9% 1,5-8 l/ha both on sensitivity of the weed species
and on the type of equipment used.
For grassy annuals and
FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTILE 13,4% 0,75-2 l/ha perennials.

DISEASE/PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

SULFUR 80% 600 g/hl

POWDERY MILDEW
(Podosphaera leucotricha)
CYFLUFENAMID 5,1% 30-50 gr/hl (0,5 l/ha)

30-50 g/hl Mix with 40 ml/hl

CYPRODINIL 50% of OHAYO®.
APPLE SCAB FLUAZINAM 39,5% 70-100 ml/hl
(Venturia inaequalis)

DELAN 70 WG DITHIANON 70% 80-120 g/hl

DISEASE Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

30-50 g/hl Mix with a spreading

CYPRODINIL 50% agent.

APPLE SCAB FLUAZINAM 39,5% 70-100 ml/hl

(Venturia inaequalis)
BLOOM

DELAN 70 WG DITHIANON 70% 80-120 g/hl

FIRE BLIGHT
PREVENTION ACIBENZOLAR S METILE 50% 15 g/hl
(Erwinia amylovora)

continues on page 130

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 129

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

continued from page 129

DISEASE Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

WOOLY APPLE APHID Treat only after bloom.

THIAMETHOXAM 25% 30 g/hl Mow any blooming weeds
(Eriosoma lanigerum) before applying product.
ROSY APPLE APHID
(Dysaphis plantaginea) THIAMETHOXAM 25% 30 g/hl Treat only after bloom.
LEAF MINERS Mow any blooming weeds
(Phyllonorycter spp e KOHINOR 200 SL IMIDACLOPRID 17,1% 50 ml/hl before applying product.
Leucoptera spp)
Add 250 ml/ha
EMAMECTINA BENZOATE 0,95% 250-300 g/hl of BREAK-THRU® S 240.
CORAGEN CHLORANTRANILPROLE 18,4% 20 ml/hl
CODLING MOTH PRODIGY METOSSIFENOZIDE 22,5% 40 ml/hl
(Cydia pomonella)
DURSBAN 75 WG CLORPIRIFOS ETILE 75% 55-70 g/hl
CALYPSO THIACLOPRID 40,4% 25 ml/hl
LASER SPINOSAD 44,2% 20-30 ml/hl
THROUGH SMALL FRUIT

FLUAZINAM 39,5% 60-70 ml/hl

APPLE SCAB DIFENCONAZOLO 10% 37,5 g/hl
PETAL FALL

(Venturia inaequalis)
DELAN 70 WG DITHIANON 70% 80-120 g/hl
MERPAN 80 WG CAPTANO 80% 150 g/hl
POWDERY MILDEW
(Podosphaera PENCONAZOLO 20% 15-20 ml/hl
leucotricha)
MITES ABAMECTIN 1,84% Add
(Panonychus ulmi (VERTIMEC EC) BREAK-THRU® S 240
e Tetranycus urticae) 75 ml/hl 250 ml/ha
APPLE RUST MITE ABAMECTIN 1,75%
(VERTIMEC PRO) or 0,25% mineral oil.
(Aculus Schlechtendali)
TORTRIX MOTHS EMAMECTINA BENZOATE
(Pandemis cerasana 250-300 g/hl
0,95%
spp,Archipis podanus
spp, Adoxophyes orana
spp, Argyrotaenia STEWARD INDOXACARB 30% 16,5 g/hl
pulchellana)
APHIDS PYMETROZINE 50% 40 g/hl
(Aphis pomi e Aphis citricola)
Spray 4 times: first at petal
FRUIT APPEARANCE GA4+GA7 10% 5-6 g/hl fall then at 10-day intervals.

Spray twice: first at 30%

SHAPE IMPROVEMENT PROMALI NT GA4+GA7 1,8%+6BA 1,8% 35-50 g/hl open flowers, second at the
end of bloom.

DISEASE Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

Add 250 ml/ha
EMAMECTINA BENZOATE 0,95% 250-300 g/hl of BREAK-THRU® S 240.
CODLING MOTH CALYPSO THIACLOPRID 40,4% 25 ml/hl
THROUGH HARVEST

(Cydia pomonella)
DURSBAN 75 WG CLORPIRIFOS ETILE 75% 55-70 g/hl
SMALL FRUIT

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH

(Cydia molesta) LASER SPINOSAD 44,2% 20-30 ml/hl
FOSMET 17,7% 250-300 ml/hl
TORTRIX MOTHS
(Pandemis cerasana EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 0,95% 250-300 g/hl
spp,Archipis podanus
spp, Adoxophyes orana BACILLUS THURINGENSIS var May be repeated
spp, Argyrotaenia 60-100 g/hl after 8 days.
pulchellana) KURSTAKI

Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

Recommended in young
DIQUAT 17% 3,3-5 l/ha orchards and nurseries.
WEEDS (BROAD-LEAVED
Only in bearing orchards, for use
AND GRASSY ANNUALS with shielded equipment.
AND PERENNIALS) GLYPHOSATE 27,9% 1,5-8 l/ha Dosage depends both on sensitivity
of the weed species and on the type
of equipment used.
For grassy annuals and
FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTILE 13,4% 0,75-2 l/ha perennials.

DISEASE Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

LEAF DROP
THROUGH
HARVEST

COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 500 g/hl

APPLE CANKER
(Nectria galligena)
COPPER HYDROXIDE 25% 160-170 g/hl

PRODUCTS OF THE SYNGENTA GROUP ARE IDENTIFIED WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE LOGOS.
THE FOLLOWING TABLES INCLUDE CROP PROTECTION PRODUCTS AUTHORIZED IN ITALY AT THE DATE THIS DOCUMENT WAS CREATED.

130 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

 SUPERSOFT_EXIT©
ultra soft unloading system which safeguards
the integrity of apples in the final stage of sizing

SUPERSOFT_EXIT© ensures all the aroma and quality

of apples are delivered intact to consumers

“WE BUILD” INNOVATION!

to give RESULTS!

UNITEC S.p.A.
Via Provinciale Cotignola, 20/9
48022 - Lugo (RA) Italy
tel. +39 0545 288884
Email: unitec@unitec-group.com www.unitec-group.com