Control System Engineering

TOPIC
BLOCK DIAGRAM EXAMPLES

Kuntumal Sagar M.
B.TECH (E.E)
UID-U41000000484
Email: skuntmal@yahoo.com
 Example 9
Find the transfer function of the following block diagrams

G4
R (s ) Y (s)
G1 G2 G3

H2

H1
 I
G4
R(s) B A
Y (s)
G1 G2 G3
H2
H1 G2

Solution:

1. Moving pickoff point A ahead of block G2

2. Eliminate loop I & simplify

B
G4  G2G3
 G4
R(s)
GG4 
B A G2 G3
Y (s)
G1 2 G 3

H2
H 1G2

3. Moving pickoff point B behind block G4  G2G3

II
R(s) B C
Y (s)
G1 G4  G2G3
H2
H 1G2 1 /(G4  G2G3 )
4. Eliminate loop III

R(s) Y (s)
G1 GG4 4GG2G2G3 3
C C

1  H 2 (GH4 2 G2G3 )
G2 H 1
G4  G2G3
Using rule 6

R(s) G1 (G4  G2G3 ) Y (s)

1  G1G 2 H1  H 2 (G4  G2G3 )

Y (s) G1 (G4  G2G3 )

T ( s)  
R( s ) 1  G1G 2 H1  H 2 (G4  G2G3 )  G1 (G4  G2G3 )
Example 10
Find the transfer function of the following block diagrams

R(s) Y (s)
G1 G2

H1 H2

H3
Solution:

1. Eliminate loop I

R(s) A
G2 I
B
Y (s)
G1 G2
H1
1  GH2 H
2
2

H3
G2
2. Moving pickoff point A behind block
1  G2 H 2
R(s) A G2 B
Y (s)
G1
1  G2 H 2

1  G2 H 2 II
H1 1  G2 H 2
G2 H 3  H1 ( )
G2
H3 Not a feedback loop
3. Eliminate loop II

R(s) G1G2 Y (s)

1  G2 H 2

H1 (1  G2 H 2 )
H3 
G2
Using rule 6

Y (s) G1G2
T (s)  
R( s) 1  G2 H 2  G1G2 H 3  G1 H1  G1G2 H1 H 2
 Example 11
Find the transfer function of the following block diagrams

H4
R(s) Y (s)
G1 G2 G3 G4

H3

H2

H1
 Solution:

1. Moving pickoff point A behind block G4

I
H4
R(s) Y (s)
A B
G1 G2 G3 G4
H3 1
H3 G4 G4
H2 1
H2
G4 G4
H1
2. Eliminate loop I and Simplify

R(s) II Y (s)
G2G3G4 B
G1
1  G3G4 H 4
H3
G4
H2
G4 III
H1

II feedback III Not feedback

G2G3G4 H 2  G4 H1
1  G3G4 H 4  G2G3 H 3 G4
 3. Eliminate loop II & IIII

R(s) G1G2G3G4 Y (s)

1  G3G4 H 4  G2G3 H 3

H 2  G4 H1
G4
Using rule 6

Y ( s) G1G2G3G4
T ( s)  
R( s) 1  G2G3 H 3  G3G4 H 4  G1G2G3 H 2  G1G2G3G4 H1
Example 12
Find the transfer function of the following block diagrams

H2

R(s) A Y (s)
G1 G2 G3
B

H1

G4
Solution:

1. Moving pickoff point A behind block G3

I
H2

R(s) A B Y (s)
G1 G2 G3
1
H1 G3
1
H1 G3
G4
2. Eliminate loop I & Simplify

H2

B
G2 G3 B G 2 G3

1 H1
 H2
H1 G3 G3
II
R(s) G2G3 Y (s)
G1
1  G2 H1  G2G3 H 2

H1
G3

G4
3. Eliminate loop II

R(s) G1G2G3 Y (s)

1  G2 H 1  G2G3 H 2  G1G2 H 1

G4

Y (s) G1G2G3
T (s)   G4 
R( s) 1  G2 H1  G2G3 H 2  G1G2 H1
Example-13: Simplify the Block Diagram.
Example-13: Continue.
Example-14: Reduce the Block Diagram.
Example-14: Continue.
Example-15: Reduce the Block Diagram. (from Nise: page-242)
Example-15: Continue.
Example-16: Reduce the system to a single transfer function.
(from Nise:page-243).
Example-17: Simplify the block diagram then obtain the close-
loop transfer function C(S)/R(S). (from Ogata: Page-47)
Example-18: Multiple Input System. Determine the output C
due to inputs R and U using the Superposition Method.
Example-18: Continue.
Example-18: Continue.
Example-19: Multiple-Input System. Determine the output C
due to inputs R, U1 and U2 using the Superposition Method.
Example-19: Continue.
Example-19: Continue.
Example-20: Multi-Input Multi-Output System. Determine C1
and C2 due to R1 and R2.
Example-20: Continue.
 Example-20: Continue.

When R1 = 0,

When R2 = 0,
Block Diagram of Armature Controlled D.C Motor

Ra La
c
ia
Va eb T J


La s  Ra I a(s)  K b(s)  Va(s)

Js  c (s)  K ma I a(s)

Block Diagram of Armature Controlled D.C Motor

La s  Ra I a(s)  Kb(s)  Ea(s)

Block Diagram of Armature Controlled D.C Motor

Js  c(s)  K ma I a(s)

Block Diagram of Armature Controlled D.C Motor
Block Diagram of liquid level system

h1  h2 dh1
q1  C1  q  q1
R1 dt

h2
q2  dh2
R2 C2  q1  q2
dt
 Block Diagram of liquid level system
h1  h2
L q1  C1
dh1
 q  q1
R1 dt L

H1 ( s )  H 2 ( s )
Q1( s )  C1sH 1( s )  Q( s )  Q1( s )
R1

h2
q2  dh2
R2 C2  q1  q2
L dt L

H 2 (s) C2 sH 2 ( s )  Q1( s )  Q2 ( s )
Q2 ( s ) 
R2
 Block Diagram of liquid level system
H1 ( s )  H 2 ( s ) C1sH 1( s )  Q( s )  Q1( s )
Q1( s ) 
R1

H 2 (s) C2 sH 2 ( s )  Q1( s )  Q2 ( s )
Q2 ( s ) 
R2
Block Diagram of liquid level system