There are many patterns a writer can use to organize his/her ideas.

The specific pattern (or

combination of patterns) chosen depends upon the particular topic and the objectives the
writer has identified for the document. There is no rule to follow in choosing a pattern of
organization; one must simply think carefully about which pattern makes the most sense in
helping the reader to better understand and remember the information. There are many
different ways of organizing the same information, and often two or more different
organizational patterns are combined to create a final outline of information. One common
examples for this is what we called the chronological pattern.

A chronological pattern of organization arranges information according to a progression of

time, either forward or backward. When a topic is best understood in terms of different
segments of time, a chronological format works well. For example, topics of an historical nature
are best organized using this pattern.

When using a chronological pattern, each main section of information represents a particular
period of time, and the sub-points contained within each main section refer to significant
events that occurred within that time frame. A variation of this organizational pattern involves
dividing a topic into "past-present-future" or" before-during-after" segments.

Moreover, nonfiction passages that are organized chronologically often contains dates. Fiction
passages or narratives are more subtle and are organized chronologically but usually have no
dates. A narratives or story is a journey through time, and all of the events are arranged in
order of time; therefore, every story has a beginning, middle, and end. Even if an author uses
flashbacks, flash-forwards, or otherwise manipulates the time in his or her text, the events still
occur along a timeline. Stories require the passage of time; therefore, all stories are organized
chronologically. Sometimes time will stop in a narrative. Certain passages in a story may focus
on describing scenary or spaces, and use a descriptive or spatail method of organization. The
conflict of a story may be discussed in terms of problem and solution or cause and effect, but
the text in a story is still mainly organized chronologically.

Example: This morning was crazy. My alarm clock was set for PM instead of AM, so I woke up
really late. I just threw on some clothes and ran out the door. I rode my bike as fast as I could
and thought that I was going to be late for sure, but when I got there everyone was outside and
there were firetrucks all lined up in front of school. I guess somebody pulled the fire alarm
before class started. It worked out though, because nobody really noticed or minded that I was
tardy.
The video centers on the undergraduate students who were unwittingly subjected to world's
worst reaseach presentation at a science communication workshop.

At the very early part of the video, an important guest, Dr. Fisher-Katz was introduced to give a
little bit flavor of ther research. As her presentation started, we can readily conclude that Dr.
Fisher-Katz was unprepared, inattentive, lackadaisical and drowsy which made for the rest of
her presentation tedious and ambiguous. Besides, at the end of her presentation, the spoof was
finally revealed. Dr. Fisher-Katz was a fictional character. She was just portraying of what a
worst presentation is. Thus, it can be distinguished that the undergraduate students was
surprised when they realized that they have been tricked.

Indeed, at the very end of the video we can speculate several actions on what do or not to do in
a presentation. Hence, after watching, it made me realize the following do's and don'ts in doing
presentations.

First, we must come prepared. Preparation is the single most important part of making a
successful presentation. This is the crucial foundation and you should dedicate as much time to
it as possible avoiding short-cuts. Not only will good preparation ensure that you have thought
carefully about the messages that you want (or need) to communicate in you presentation but
it will also help boost your confidence. Also, make sure that your presentation has a clear
structure (announce what you are going to say, then say it, then summarize what you have
said). Make sure that your hand-out and / or PowerPoint looks professional; it should support
your talk, not distract from it. When using PowerPoint, make sure that you are in control and
will not experience any technical (computer) problems during your presentation.

Next, we should know our audience. Knowing your audience —their general age, gender,
education level, religion, language, culture, and group membership—is the single most
important aspect of developing your speech. Analyzing them will help you discover information
that you can use to build common ground between you and the members of your audience.

Then, we must make an eye contact. If there is one simple thing you can do to enhance your
impact as a presenter and persuade others to see things as you see them, it’s sustained,
meaningful eye contact with your audience. Positive eye contact helps you build rapport with
your audience and keeps them engaged with your presentation. It also gives them a sense of
involvement and conveys your message on a personal level.

Lastly, we must be connected to our listeners. Creating an engaging presentation isn’t exactly
rocket (or brain) science, but it’s science nonetheless–meaning there’s more to the challenge
than just a cultural inability to concentrate. We need to deliver information in the natural way
that humans learn, process, and engage. Visuals, narrative, and dialogue all play a role in
getting folks to stop peeking at their phones and train all their attention on us. Also, we must be
kind as always. When answering questions, show that you are interested (make eye contact or
write down the question), do not be defensive or aggressive. If a question is difficult, try at least
to formulate an idea that is relevant to the question. Do not be shy or indignant or direct. In
some cases the question is not clear; the person who asks the question will be grateful if you
help him or her to reformulate the question and to answer it.

Creating a compelling presentation and delivering your ideas in a persuasive way is an art which
needs practice and dedication. Using the following do's and recommendations will enhance
your presentation skills over time and help to win the hearts of your audience.