Chapter 16 -

• CORPORATE GOVERNANACE & AUDIT COMMITTEE

CHAPTER 16 TOPICS SHORT NOTES

1 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE- INTRODUCTION
2 THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
3 APPLICABILITY OF SEBI (LODR) REGULATIONS,
2015
4 AUDIT COMMITTEE
5 ROLE OF AUDITOR IN AUDIT COMMITTEE AND
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE CONDITIONS OF
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
6 COMPOSITION OF BOARD
7 REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS
8 OBLIGATION OF DIRECTORS AND SENIOR
MANAGEMENT
9 CODE OF CONDUCT
10 VIGIL MECHANISM
11 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REQUIREMENTS
WITH RESPECT TO SUBSIDIARY OF A LISTED
ENTITY
12 STATEMENT OF DEVIATIONS OR VARIATIONS
13 MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
14 INFORMATION TO SHAREHOLDERS
15 STAKEHOLDERS RELATIONSHIP COMMITTEE
16 TRANSFER OR TRANSMISSION OR
TRANSPOSITION OF SECURITIES
17 COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE
18 DISCLOSURES AND OBLIGATIONS
19 RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
20 NOMINATION AND REMUNERATION
COMMITTEE
21 REPORT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
22 AUDITORS CERTIFICATE

23 CONTENT OF MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND

ANALYSIS
24 ADVERSE OR QUALIFIED STATEMENT

25 ILLUSTRATION/ DRAFT OF COMPLIANCE

CERTIFICATE
25 SEBI (LODR) REGULATIONS, 2015 SUMMARY Not available in this version
FOR REVISION
 1- INTRODUCTION- CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Meaning
Corporate Governance is the system by which companies are directed and governed
by the management. Through use of ethical business processes, the management
is able to ensure accountability, transparency and fairness in the company
operations, thereby ensuring that the interests of shareholders and all other
stakeholders are protected. The Board of Directors are responsible for governance
of their companies.
The word ‘Corporate’ relates to a large business entity or a large company Similarly, the word
‘Governance’ means exercise of authority, direction or control. Thus, the concept of ‘Corporate
Governance' is the system by which the management of a business entity directs and controls the
activities in the best interest of the stakeholders.

2- THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Corporate governance is about promoting corporate fairness, transparency and accountability (As
defined by World Bank President, J. Wolfensohn) Corporate Governance can be defined as “the
formal system of accountability and control for ethical and socially responsible organizational
decisions and use of resources.
 Corporate governance requires that the business should be responsive to the present and
future needs of all the stakeholders, i.e. the interests of all the stakeholders are taken into
account in decision-making.
 Corporate Governance requires -
o meeting business, legal and ethical expectations;
o optimum utilization of resources;
o risk monitoring; and
o full disclosure of operations.
 It is the system by which management directs & controls the activities in the best interest of
the stakeholders.
 The company’s management to ensure fairness, accountability & transparency in company
operations, ensuring that interest of all the stakeholders are protected.
 To ensure better corporate governance is the responsibility of management.
 Clause 49 of the listing agreement (to be entered between a recognized stock exchange & the
company which desires to list its securities on stock exchange) aimed to ensure better corporate
governance.
 In September’ 2015, SEBI issued (Listing obligations and Disclosure Requirements)
Regulations, 2015.
[LODR regulations], which deal with post listing requirements.
LODR Regulations are divided into two parts:

Substantive provisions Procedural Requirements

↓ ↓
In main body (Regulations) Form of schedule
 Regulations are applicable to listed entities who have listed specified securities, IDR, non-
convertible debt. Securities, non-convertible preference shares, securitized debt securities,
units of mutual funds or any other securities etc.
 Various regulations contained in LODR Regulations relating to corporate governance are as
follows:
o Audit committee [Regulation 18]
o Board of Directors [Regulation 17]
o Obligations of Director & senior management +> Code of conduct
* In this Chapter, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure
Requirements) Regulations, 2015 are referred to as ‘SEBI (LODR) Regulations, 2015’ or
‘Regulations’.
o Vigil Mechanism
o Subsidiary of listed entity
o Statement of deviations or variations
o Disclosures - Management discussion & analysis
o Information to shareholders
 o Stakeholders Relationship Committee [Regulation 20]
o Transfer or Transmission of Securities
o Compliance certificate by CEO & CFO
o Disclosure including R.P. disclosure and A/c treatment
o Risk management committee [Regulation 21]
o Nomination and Remuneration Committee
o Report on corporate governance
o Auditor’s certificate
Various regulations along with schedules contain conditions
↓
to be complied by the company
↓
Report on corporate governance
↓
Certificate by Auditor/practicing C.S.
↓
Annex it to the Director’s Report
3- APPLICABILITY OF SEBI (LODR) REGULATIONS, 2015 (Regulation 3)

SEBI (LODR) Regulations, 2015 shall apply to every listed entity if any of the following designated
securities of such listed entity are listed on one or more recognised stock exchanges:
(a) Specified securities listed on main board or SME Exchange or institutional trading platform
(b) Non-convertible debt securities, non-convertible redeemable preference shares, perpetual debt
instrument, perpetual non-cumulative preference shares
(c) Indian depository receipts
(d) Securitized debt instruments
(e) Units issued by mutual funds
(f) Security Receipt
(g) Any other securities as may be specified by SEBI.
4- AUDIT COMMITTEE (Regulation 18)
4.1. Mandatory constitution of Audit Committee
(a) Every listed entity shall constitute a qualified and independent audit committee.
(b) The Audit Committee shall have a minimum of 3 directors as the members of the Audit
Committee.
(c) Two-thirds of the members of audit committee shall be independent directors.
(d) All the members of the Audit Committee shall be financially literate.
(i) At least 1 member of the Audit Committee shall have accounting or related financial
management expertise.
Meaning of certain terms:
(i) The term ‘financially literate’ means the ability to read and understand basic financial
statements i.e. Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Account and Cash Flows Statement.
(ii) A member will be considered to have accounting or related financial management expertise
if he or she possesses experience in finance or accounting, or requisite professional
certification in accounting, or any other comparable experience or background which results
in the individual’s financial sophistication, including being or having been a chief executive
officer, chief financial officer or other senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities.
(e) The Chairperson of the Audit Committee shall be an independent director.
(f) The Chairperson of the Audit Committee shall be present at Annual General Meetings to answer
the queries of the shareholders.
(g) The Company Secretary shall act as the secretary to the committee.
The Audit Committee, at its discretion, shall invite the finance director or the head of the finance
function, head of internal audit and a representative of the statutory auditor and any other such
executives to be present at the meetings of the committee. However, occasionally, the Audit
Committee may meet without the presence of any executives of the listed entity.
4.2. Meetings of Audit Committee
(a) The Audit Committee shall meet at least 4 times in a year.
 (b) Not more than 120 days shall lapse between any 2 meetings of the Audit Committee.
(c) The quorum shall be either 2 members or l/3rd of the members of the Audit Committee,
whichever is greater, but a minimum of 2 independent directors should be present.
4.3. Powers of the Audit Committee
(a) To investigate any activity within the terms of reference specified by the Board.
(b) To seek any information from any employee.
(c) To obtain outside legal or other professional advice.
(d) To secure the attendance of outsiders with relevant expertise, if it considers necessary.
4.4. Role of Audit Committee
1- Oversight of the listed entity’s financial reporting process and the disclosure of its financial
information to ensure that the financial statement is correct, sufficient and credible.
2- Recommendation for appointment, remuneration and terms of appointment of auditors.
3- Approval of payment to statutory auditors for any other services rendered by them.
4- Reviewing, with the management, the annual financial statements and auditor’s report
thereon before submission to the Board for approval, with particular reference to the following:
(a) Matters required to be included in the Director’s Responsibility Statement to be included
in the Board’s report as per section 134 of the Companies Act, 2013
(b) Changes, if any, in accounting policies and practices and reasons for the same.
(c) Major accounting entries involving estimates based on the exercise of judgment by
management.
(d) Significant adjustments made in the financial statements arising out of audit findings.
(e) Compliance with listing and other legal requirements relating to financial statements.
(f) Disclosure of any related party transactions.
(g) Modified opinion(s) in the draft audit report.
5- Reviewing, with the management, the quarterly financial statements before submission to the
Board for approval.
6- Reviewing, with the management, the statement of uses/application of funds raised through
an issue (public issue, rights issue, preferential issue, etc.), the statement of funds utilized
for purposes other than those stated in the offer document/ prospectus/ notice and the report
submitted by the monitoring agency monitoring the utilisation of proceeds of a public or rights
issue, and making appropriate recommendations to the Board to take up steps in this matter.
7- Reviewing and monitoring the auditor’s independence and performance, and effectiveness of
audit process.
8- Approval or any subsequent modification of transactions of the listed entity with related
parties.
9- Scrutiny of inter-corporate loans and investments.
10- Valuation of undertakings or assets of the listed entity, wherever it is necessary.
11- Evaluation of internal financial controls and risk management systems.
12- Reviewing, with the management, performance of statutory and internal auditors and
adequacy of the internal control systems.
13- Reviewing the adequacy of internal audit function, if any, including the structure of the
internal audit department, staffing and seniority of the official heading the department,
reporting structure coverage and frequency of internal audit.
14- Discussion with internal auditors of any significant findings and follow up on such findings.
15- Reviewing the findings of any internal investigations by the internal auditors into matters
where there is suspected fraud or irregularity or a failure of internal control systems of a
material nature and reporting the matter to the Board.
16- Discussion with statutory auditors before the audit commences, about the nature and scope
of audit as well as post-audit discussion to ascertain any area of concern.
17- To look into the reasons for substantial defaults in the payment to the depositors, debenture
holders, shareholders (in case of non-payment of declared dividends) and creditors.
18- To review the functioning of the whistle blower mechanism.
19- Approval of appointment of Chief Financial Officer after assessing the qualifications,
experience and background, etc. of the candidate.
20- Carrying out any other function as is mentioned in the terms of reference of the Audit
Committee.
21- Reviewing the utilization of loans and/ or advances from/investment by the holding
company in the subsidiary exceeding rupees 100 crore or 10% of the asset size of the
subsidiary, whichever is lower including existing loans / advances / investments
existing as on 01.04.2019.
4.5. REVIEW OF INFORMATION BY AUDIT COMMITTEE

Note: Provisions relating to audit committee u/s 177 of the companies Act, 2013 are given in
chapter company audit. Hence, students are advised to study from Company Audit, This chapter
contains provisions as per SEBI (LODR) Regulations, 2015, However, comparison is given
hereunder:
4.6. Audit Committee u/s 177 and as per SEBI (LODR) Regulations - A COMPARISON
Audit Committee as per Section 177 Audit Committee as per SEBI (LODR)
Regulations, 2015
 Constitution of an audit committee is SEBI (LODR) Regulations, 2015 shall apply to
mandatory for - every listed entity if any of the designated
 every listed company securities of such listed entity are listed on one or
 all public companies with a paid up capital more recognised stock exchanges. Thus, all listed
of Rs. 10 crore or more entities are required to constitute Audit
 all public companies having turnover of Rs. Committee.
100 crore or more
 all public companies, having in aggregate,
outstanding loans or borrowings or
debentures or deposits exceeding Rs. 50
crore or more.
The Audit Committee shall consist of a The Audit Committee shall have a minimum of 3
minimum of 3 directors. directors as the members of the Audit Committee.
The majority of members of the Audit Two-thirds of the members of audit committee
Committee shall be the independent directors. shall be independent directors.
Majority of members of the Audit Committee AH the members of the Audit Committee shall be
(including the Chairperson of the Audit financially literate. At least 1 member of the Audit
Committee) shall be persons with ability to Committee shall have accounting or related
read and understand, the financial statement financial management expertise.
The auditors of a company and the key The Audit Committee, at its discretion, shall
managerial personnel shall have a right to be invite the finance director or the head of the
heard in the meetings of the Audit Committee finance function, head of internal audit and a
when it considers the auditor’s report but shall representative of the statutory auditor and any
not have the right to vote. other such executives to be present at the
meetings of the committee.
Every Audit Committee shall act in accordance Functions of the audit committee and mandatory
with the terms of reference specified in writing review of information by the Audit Committee are
by the Board stated in detail in SEBI(LODR) Regulations
No Such reference The Chairperson of the Audit Committee shall be
an independent director. The Chairperson of the
Audit Committee shall be present at Annual
General Meetings to answer the queries of the
shareholders.
No Such reference The Audit Committee shall meet at least 4 times
in a year. Not more than 120 days shall lapse
between any 2 meetings of the Audit Committee.
No Such reference The quorum shall be either 2 members or l/3rd of
the members of the Audit Committee, whichever
is greater, but a minimum of 2 independent
 directors should be present.
No Such reference The Company Secretary shall act as the secretary
to the committee.
The Board’s report shall disclose the No Such reference
composition of an Audit Committee
Where the Board does not accept any No Such reference
recommendation of the Audit Committee, the
same shall be disclosed in the Board’s report
along with the reasons therefor.
5- ROLE OF AUDITOR IN AUDIT COMMITTEE AND CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE OF
CONDITIONS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Statutory Regulation 18 (1) (f) stipulates that a representative of the statutory auditor,
Requirements when required, shall be invited to the meetings of the Audit Committee.

Section 177 of the Companies Act, 2013 provides the auditors of a company
and the key managerial personnel the right to be heard in the meetings of the
Audit Committee when it considers the auditor's report but they shall not have
the right to vote.
Auditor’s The auditor’s responsibility in certifying compliance with the requirements of
Responsibility corporate governance relates to the verification and certification of factual
implementation of requirements of corporate governance as stipulated in the
LODR Regulations.

Such verification and certification is neither an audit nor an expression of

opinion on the financial statements of the company.

The certificate from the auditor as regards compliance with the requirements of
corporate governance is neither an assurance as to the future viability of the
company, nor the efficiency or effectiveness with which the management has
conducted the affairs of the company.
Auditor’s The standards set out in the Standards on Auditing (hereinafter referred to as
Procedure SA) would be applicable in the performance of certification with the
requirements of corporate governance by the auditor, to the extent relevant.

The auditor should conduct verification of compliance with the requirements of

corporate governance as stipulated in the LODR Regulations, in accordance with
the Guidance Note on Certification of Corporate Governance issued by ICAI

The auditor should document matters, which are important in providing

evidence to support the certificate of factual findings, in accordance with SA 230
on “Audit Documentation”.

The auditor should consider obtaining management representations in

accordance with SA 580, “Written Representations”.
Mandatory The statutory auditor of a listed entity shall undertake a limited review
limited review of the audit of all the entities/companies whose accounts are to be
consolidated with the listed entity as per Ind AS in accordance with
guidelines issued by SEBI on this matter”. Consequently,

Following persons are required to comply with the prescribed procedure

to ensure compliance of this regulation,

1- all listed entities whose equity shares and convertible securities are
listed on
2- a recognised stock exchange;
3- the statutory auditors of such entities;
4- all entities whose accounts are to be consolidated with the listed
entity, and the statutory auditors of entities whose accounts are to
be consolidated with the listed entity.
 6- COMPOSITION OF BOARD (Regulation 17)
Legal Provisions
The composition of the Board of directors of the listed entity shall be as follows:

1. The Board of directors shall have an optimum combination of executive and non-executive
directors with at least 1-woman director and not less than 50% of the Board of directors
shall comprise of non-executive directors.

Provided that the Board of directors of the top 500 listed entities shall have at least one
independent woman director by April 1, 2019 and the Board of directors of the top 1000
listed entities shall have at least one independent woman director by April 1, 2020;

Explanation: The top 500 and 1000 entities shall be determined on the basis of market
capitalisation, as at the end of the immediate previous financial year.

2. Where the chairperson of the Board of directors is a non-executive director, at least l/3rd
of the Board of directors shall comprise of independent directors and where the listed entity
does not have a regular non-executive chairperson, at least half of the Board of directors
shall comprise of independent directors.
The board of directors of the top 1000 listed entities (with effect from April 1, 2019) and
the top 2000 listed entities (with effect from April 1, 2020) shall comprise of not less than
six directors.
No listed entity shall appoint a person or continue the directorship of any person as a non
executive director who has attained the age of 75 years unless a special resolution is passed to
that effect, in which case the explanatory statement annexed to the notice for such motion shall
indicate the justification for appointing such a person.
Definition of ‘independent director’
‘Independent director’ means a non-executive director, other than a nominee director of the listed
entity:
(i) who, in the opinion of the board of directors, is a person of integrity and possesses relevant
expertise and experience;
(ii) who is or was not a promoter of the listed entity or its holding, subsidiary or associate company;
(iii) who is not related to promoters or directors in the listed entity, its holding, subsidiary or
associate company;
(iv) who, apart from receiving director's remuneration, has or had no material pecuniary
relationship with the listed entity, its holding, subsidiary or associate company, or their
promoters, or directors, during the 2 immediately preceding financial years or during the
current financial year;
(v) none of whose relatives has or had pecuniary relationship or transaction with the listed entity,
its holding, subsidiary or associate company, or their promoters, or directors, amounting to 2%
or more of its gross turnover or total income or Rs. 50 lakh or such higher amount as may be
prescribed from time to time, whichever is lower, during the 2 immediately preceding financial
years or during the current financial year;
(vi) who, neither himself, nor whose relative(s) —
A. holds or has held the position of a key managerial personnel or is or has been an employee
of the listed entity or its holding, subsidiary or associate company in any of the 3 financial
years immediately preceding the financial year in which he is proposed to be appointed;
B. is or has been an employee or proprietor or a partner, in any of the 3 financial years
immediately preceding the financial year in which he is proposed to be appointed, of-
1) a firm of auditors or company secretaries in practice or cost auditors of the listed entity or
its holding, subsidiary or associate company; or
2) any legal or a consulting firm that has or had any transaction with the listed entity, its
holding, subsidiary or associate company amounting to 10% or more of the gross turnover
of such firm;
C. holds together with his relatives 2% or more of the total voting power of the listed entity;
or
D. is a chief executive or director, by whatever name called, of any non-profit organisation
that receives 25% or more of its receipts or corpus from the listed entity, any of its
promoters, directors or its holding, subsidiary or associate company or that holds 2% or
 more of the total voting power of the listed entity;
E. is a material supplier, service provider or customer or a lessor or lessee of the listed entity;
(vii) Who is not less than 21 years of age?
(viii) who is not a non-independent director of another company on the board of which
any non-independent director of the listed entity is an independent director.
7- REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS [Regulation 17(6) AND PART C of Schedule V]
7.1. Approval of Remuneration of Directors [Regulation 17(6)]
a) The Board of directors shall recommend all fees or compensation, if any, paid to nonexecutive
directors, including independent directors and shall require approval of shareholders in
general meeting.
b) The requirement of obtaining approval of shareholders in general meeting shall not apply to
payment of sitting fees to non-executive directors, if made within the limits prescribed under
the Companies Act, 2013.
c) The approval of shareholders mentioned in clause (a), shall specify the limits for the
maximum number of stock options that may be granted to non-executive directors, in any
financial year and in aggregate.
d) Independent directors shall not be entitled to any stock option.
e) The approval of shareholders by special resolution shall be obtained every year, in
which the annual remuneration payable to a single non-executive director exceeds
50% of the total annual remuneration payable to all non-executive
directors, giving details of the remuneration thereof.
f) The fees or compensation payable to executive directors who are promoters or
members of the promoter group, shall be subject to the approval of the shareholders
by special resolution in general meeting, if
The fees or compensation payable to executive directors who are promoters or
members of the promoter group, shall be subject to the approval of the
shareholders by special resolution in general meeting, if
 the annual remuneration payable to such executive director exceeds ₹ 5 crore
or 2.5 % of the net profits of the listed entity, whichever is higher; or
 where there is more than one such director, the aggregate annual remuneration
to such directors exceeds 5 % of the net profits of the listed entity.
Provided that the approval of the shareholders under this provision shall be valid only
till the expiry of the term of such director.
Note- For the purposes of this clause, net profits shall be calculated as per section
198 of the Companies Act, 2013.

7.2. Disclosure required in the annual report (Part C of Schedule V)

Following disclosures with respect to remuneration of directors shall be made in the section on the
‘Corporate Governance’ in the Annual Report:
a) All pecuniary relationship or transactions of the non-executive directors vis-a-vis the listed
entity.
b) Criteria of making payments to non-executive directors shall be disclosed in the Annual Report.
Alternatively, this may be disseminated on the listed entity‘s website and reference drawn
thereto in the Annual Report.
c) In addition to the disclosures required under the Companies Act, 2013, following disclosures
with respect to the remuneration of directors shall be made:
(i) All elements of remuneration package of individual directors summarized under major groups,
such as salary, benefits, bonuses, stock options, pension etc.
(ii) Details of fixed component and performance linked incentives, along with the performance
criteria.
(iii) Service contracts, notice period, severance fees.
(iv) Stock option details, if any and whether issued at a discount as well as the period over
which accrued and over which exercisable.
7.3 Auditor’s Duty
1) Examine the minutes of the Board of Directors’ meetings, shareholders’ meetings, relevant
agenda papers, notices, explanatory statements etc., whether the remuneration of non-
executive directors has been decided by the Board of Directors after receiving prior approval of
the shareholders in the general meeting;
2) Verify that no listed entity shall appoint a person or continue the directorship
of any person as a non-executive director who has attained the age of 75 years
unless a special resolution is passed to that effect, in which case the explanatory
statement annexed to the notice for such motion shall indicate the justification for
appointing such a person.
3) Verify that the board of directors of the top 1000 listed entities (with effect from
April 1, 2019) and the top 2000 listed entities (with effect from April 1, 2020) shall
comprise of not less than six directors.
4) Refer to the Articles of Association of the company, wherever applicable;
5) Examine the Report of the Board of Directors on corporate governance to be included in the
annual report of the company and ascertain whether the same contains the disclosures with
respect to remuneration of directors and compensation to non-executive directors. The auditor
should correlate this data with that contained in the financial statements.
6) Where application of this clause requires the value of ESOP to be determined, the services of
expert may have to be utilized. In this regard, reference may be made to SA 620 dealing with
“Using the Work of an Auditor’s Expert”.

8- OBLIGATIONS OF DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT [Regulations 17,25 and 26]

1. The Board shall meet at least 4 times a year, with a maximum time gap of 120 days between
any 2 meetings.

2. The quorum for every meeting of the board of directors of the top 1000 listed entities
with effect from April 1, 2019 and of the top 2000 listed entities with effect from
April 1, 2020 shall be 1/3rd of its total strength or 3 directors, whichever is higher,
including at least one independent director.
Note 1- For removal of doubts, it is clarified that the participation of the
directors by video conferencing or by other audio-visual means shall also be counted
for the purposes of such quorum.
Note 2- The top 1000 and 2000 entities shall be determined on the basis of market
capitalisation, as at the end of the immediate previous financial year.

3. The Board shall periodically review compliance reports of all laws applicable to the listed entity,
prepared by the listed entity as well as steps taken by the listed entity to rectify instances of
non-compliances.
4. The Board shall satisfy itself that plans are in place for orderly succession for appointments to
the Board and to senior management.
5. An independent director shall be held liable, only in respect of such acts of omission or
commission by the listed entity which had occurred with his knowledge, attributable through
processes of Board of directors, and with his consent or connivance or where he had not acted
diligently with respect to the provisions contained in SEBI (LODR) Regulations, 2015.

6. However, if the listed entity fulfils the requirement of independent directors in its Board of
directors without filling the vacancy created by such resignation or removal, the requirement
of replacement by a new independent director shall not apply.

7. A director shall not be a member in more than 10 committees or act as Chairperson of more
than 5 committees across all listed entities in which he is a director.
 For this purpose, -
a) all public limited companies, whether listed or not, shall be considered and all other
companies including private limited companies, foreign companies and companies under
Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013 shall be excluded;
b) Chairpersonship/membership of the Audit Committee and the Stakeholders' Relationship
Committee alone shall be considered.
7. Every director shall inform the listed entity about the committee positions he or she occupies
in other listed entities and notify changes as and when they take place.
8. All members of the Board of directors and senior management personnel shall affirm
compliance with the code of conduct of Board of directors and senior management on an annual
basis.
9. Non-executive directors shall disclose their shareholding, held either by them or on a beneficial
basis for any other persons in the listed entity in which they are proposed to be appointed as
directors, in the notice of the general meeting called for appointment of such director.
10. Senior management shall make disclosures to the Board of directors relating to all material,
financial and commercial transactions, where they have personal interest that may have a
potential conflict with the interest of the listed entity at large.

No employee including key managerial personnel or director or promoter of a listed

entity shall enter into any agreement for himself or on behalf of any other person, with any
shareholder or any other third party with regard to compensation or profit sharing in
connection with dealings in the securities of such listed entity, unless prior approval for the
same has been obtained from the Board of Directors as well as public shareholders by way
of an ordinary resolution:
Provided that such agreement, if any, whether subsisting or expired, entered during the
preceding three years from the date of coming into force of this sub-regulation, shall be
disclosed to the stock exchanges for public dissemination:
Provided further that subsisting agreement, if any, as on the date of coming into force of
this sub regulation shall be placed for approval before the Board of Directors in the
forthcoming Board meeting:
Provided further that if the Board of Directors approve such agreement, the same shall be
placed before the public shareholders for approval by way of an ordinary resolution in the
forthcoming general meeting:
Provided further that all interested persons involved in the transaction covered under the
agreement shall abstain from voting in the general meeting.
8.1 Maximum number of directorships- Regulation 17A
The directors of listed entities shall comply with the following conditions with respect to
the maximum number of directorships, including any alternate directorships that can be
held by them at any point of time -
1. A person shall not be a director in more than 8 listed entities with effect from April
1, 2019 and in not more than 7 listed entities with effect from April 1, 2020:

Provided that a person shall not serve as an independent director in more than 7
listed entities.

2. Notwithstanding the above, any person who is serving as a whole-time director /

managing director in any listed entity shall serve as an independent director in not
more than 3 listed entities.
For the purpose of this sub-regulation, the count for the number of listed entities on
which a person is a director / independent director shall be only those whose equity
shares are listed on a stock exchange.
8.2 Auditor’s Duty
1) Ascertain from the minute’s book of the Board meetings whether Board meetings were held at
least four times a year, with a maximum time gap of one hundred and twenty days between
any two meetings.
2) Ensure that director of the company shall not be a member in more than ten committees or
act as Chairperson of more than five committees across all listed entities in which he is a
 director. Furthermore, every director shall inform the listed entity about the committee
positions he occupies in other listed entities and notify changes as and when they take place.
3) To review compliance reports of all laws applicable to the company, auditor should take into
consideration SA 250, dealing with “Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of
Financial Statements”.
4) The responsibility for the prevention and detection of non-compliance rests with the
management. The auditor's responsibility is limited to verification that management has taken
suitable steps and has put in place policies and procedures to ensure compliance with laws
and regulations and to detect deviation from such procedures.
5) The auditor should obtain written representations that management has disclosed to the
auditor all known actual or possible non-compliance with laws and regulations whose effects
should be considered when preparing financial statements

9- CODE OF CONDUCT [REGULATIONS 17(5), 26(3), 46(2) AND PART D OF SCHEDULE V]

1. The Board of directors shall lay down a code of conduct for all members of the Board and senior
management of the listed entity.

2. The Code of Conduct shall suitably incorporate the duties of independent directors as laid down
in the Companies Act, 2013.

3. All members of the Board and senior management personnel shall affirm compliance with the
code of conduct on an annual basis.

4. The listed entity shall maintain a functional website containing the basic information about the
listed entity. Besides other information, the code of conduct shall be uploaded on such website.

5. The Annual Report shall contain a declaration signed by the chief executive officer stating that
the members of Board of directors and senior management personnel have affirmed compliance
with the code of conduct of Board of directors and senior management.

6. ‘senior management’ shall mean personnel of the listed entity who are members of its core
management team excluding Board of Directors. Normally, this would comprise all members of
management one level below the executive directors, including all functional heads.

10- VIGIL MECHANISM [REGULATIONS 22 AND 46 AND PART C OF SCHEDULE V]

1. The listed entity shall formulate a vigil mechanism for directors and employees to report
genuine concerns.

2. The vigil mechanism shall provide for adequate safeguards against victimization of director(s)
or employee(s) or any other person who avail the mechanism and also provide for direct access
to the chairperson of the audit committee in appropriate or exceptional cases.

3. The details of establishment of such mechanism shall be disclosed by the company on its
website and in the Board’s report.
11- CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO SUBSIDIARY OF A
LISTED ENTITY (Regulation 24)
1. At least one independent director on the Board of directors of the listed entity shall be a director
on the Board of directors of an unlisted material subsidiary, incorporated in India.
2. The Audit Committee of the listed entity shall also review the financial statements, in particular,
the investments made by the unlisted subsidiary.
3. The minutes of the meetings of the Board of directors of the unlisted subsidiary shall be placed
at the meetings of the Board of directors of the listed entity.
4. The management of the unlisted subsidiary shall periodically bring to the notice of the Board
of directors of the listed entity, a statement of all significant transactions and arrangements
entered into by the unlisted subsidiary.
5. A listed entity shall not dispose of shares in its material subsidiary resulting in reduction of its
shareholding (either on its own or together with other subsidiaries) to less than 50% or cease
the exercise of control over the subsidiary without passing a special resolution in its General
Meeting except in cases where such divestment is made under a scheme of arrangement duly
approved by a Court or Tribunal, or under a resolution plan duly approved under section
31 of the Insolvency Code and such an event is disclosed to the recognized stock
exchanges within one day of the resolution plan being approved.
6. Selling, disposing and leasing of assets amounting to more than 20% of the assets of the
material subsidiary on an aggregate basis during a financial year shall require prior approval
of shareholders by way of special resolution, unless the sale/disposal/lease is made under a
scheme of arrangement duly approved by a Court/Tribunal, or under a resolution plan duly
approved under section 31 of the Insolvency Code and such an event is disclosed
to the recognized stock exchanges within one day of the resolution plan being
approved.
7. Where a listed entity has a listed subsidiary which is itself a holding company, the provisions
of Regulation 24 shall apply to the listed subsidiary insofar as its subsidiaries are concerned.
‘Material subsidiary’ shall mean a subsidiary, whose income or net worth exceeds 20% of the
consolidated income or net worth respectively, of the listed entity and its subsidiaries in the
immediately preceding accounting year. As per Regulation 16, the listed entity shall formulate
a policy for determining ‘material’ subsidiary. As per Regulation 46, such policy shall be
disclosed on the website of the listed entity.

Secretarial Audit
Every listed entity and its material unlisted subsidiaries incorporated in India shall
undertake secretarial audit and shall annex with its annual report, a secretarial audit
report, given by a company secretary in practice, in such form as may be specified with
effect from the year ended March 31, 2019.

12- STATEMENT OF DEVIATION(S) OR VARIATION(S) [Regulation 32 and Part C of

Schedule II]
1. With respect to public issue, rights issue, preferential issue etc., the listed entity shall submit
the following statement(s) to the stock exchange:
(a) Statement indicating deviations, if any, in the use of proceeds from the objects stated in the
offer document or explanatory statement to the notice of the general meeting, as applicable.
(b) Statement indicating category-wise variation (capital expenditure, sales and marketing,
working capital etc.) between projected utilization of funds made by it in its offer document
or explanatory statement to the notice of the general meeting, as applicable and the actual
utilization of funds.
2. The statement(s) to be submitted to the stock exchange shall continue to be given till such time
the issue proceeds have been fully utilized or the purpose for which these proceeds were raised
has been achieved.
3. The audit committee shall mandatorily review the statement of deviations -
(a) Quarterly statement of deviation(s) including report of monitoring agency, if applicable,
submitted to stock exchange(s).
(b) Annual statement of funds utilized for purposes other than those stated in the offer
document/prospectus/ notice.
13- MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (Schedule V)
1. The annual report shall contain the following disclosures with respect to Management
Discussion and Analysis:
(a) Industry structure and developments.
(b) Opportunities and Threats.
(c) Segment-wise or product-wise performance.
(d) Outlook
(e) Risks and concerns.
(f) Internal control systems and their adequacy.
(g) Discussion on financial performance with respect to operational performance.
(h) Material developments in Human Resources / Industrial Relations front, including number
of people employed.
2. Where in the preparation of financial statements, a treatment different from that prescribed in
an Accounting Standards has been followed, the fact shall be disclosed in the financial
statements, together with the management’s explanation as to why it believes such alternative
treatment is more representative of the true and fair view of the underlying business
transaction.
14- INFORMATION TO SHAREHOLDERS [REGULATION 36]
1. The listed entity shall send the annual report in the following manner to the shareholders:
(a) Soft copies of full annual report to all those shareholder(s) who have registered their email
address(es)
(b) Hard copy of statement containing the salient features of all the documents, as prescribed
in Section 136 of Companies Act, 2013 or rules made thereunder to those shareholder(s)
who have not registered their email address(es)
(c) Hard copies of full annual reports to those shareholders, who request for the same.

2. The listed entity shall send the annual report to the holders of securities, not less than before
the annual general meeting.

3. In case of the appointment of a new director or re-appointment of a director, the shareholders

must be provided with the following information:
(a) A brief resume of the director
(b) Nature of his expertise in specific functional areas
(c) Disclosure of relationships between directors inter-se
(d) Names of listed entities in which the person also holds the directorship and the membership
of Committees of the Board
(e) Shareholding of non-executive directors.
15- STAKEHOLDERS RELATIONSHIP COMMITTEE [REGULATION 20 AND PART D OF
SCHEDULE II]
15.1 Regulations
1. The listed entity shall constitute a Stakeholders Relationship Committee to specifically look
into the mechanism of redressal of grievances of shareholders, debenture holders and other
security holders.
2. The chairperson of the Stakeholders Relationship Committee shall be a non-executive director.
3. The Board of directors shall decide other members of the Stakeholders Relationship
Committee.
4. At least three directors, with at least one being an independent director, shall be
members of the Committee.
5. The Chairperson of the Stakeholders Relationship Committee shall be present at the
AGM to answer queries of the security holders.
6. The stakeholder’s relationship committee shall meet at least once in a year.

15.2 Role of Stakeholder Relationship committee

1- The Stakeholders Relationship Committee shall consider and resolve the grievances
of the security holders of the listed entity including complaints related to transfer of
shares, non-receipt of annual report and non-receipt of declared dividend.
2- Review of measures taken for effective exercise of voting rights by
shareholders.
3- Review of adherence to the service standards adopted by the listed entity in
respect of various services being rendered by the Registrar & Share Transfer Agent.
4- Review of the various measures and initiatives taken by the listed entity for
reducing the quantum of unclaimed dividends and ensuring timely receipt of
 dividend warrants/annual reports/statutory notices by the shareholders of the
company.

15.3 Auditor’s Report

 Ascertain from the minutes book of the Board meetings whether a Board committee, namely a
Shareholders/ Investors Grievance Committee has been set up under the chairmanship of a
non-executive director to specifically look into the redressal of shareholder and investors
complaints like transfer of shares, non-receipt of balance sheet, non-receipt of declared
dividends, etc.
 Ascertain from the minute’s book of the Shareholders/ Investors Grievance Committee
meetings whether such committee is prima facie functioning.
 Verify the investors' grievances pending up to the date of certificate of compliance of conditions
of corporate governance

16- TRANSFER OR TRANSMISSION OR TRANSPOSITION OF SECURITIES [Regulation 40]

1. The Board of directors of a listed entity shall delegate the power to transfer the securities to a
committee or to the compliance officer or to the registrar to an issue and/or share transfer
agents.

2. The Board of directors and/or the delegated authority shall attend to the formalities pertaining
to transfer of securities at least once in a fortnight. It shall also be ensured that the delegated
authority reports on transfer of securities to the Board of directors in each meeting.

Auditor’s Duty
 The auditor should ascertain from the minute’s book of the Board meetings whether the listed
entity has delegated the power of share transfer to an officer or a committee or to the registrar
and share transfer agents.
 The auditor should also verify from the records maintained to ascertain whether the delegated
authority has attended to share transfer formalities at least once in a fortnight.
 The auditor may verify whether any transfer request are pending for more than a fortnight and
are not attended to in terms of this Regulation.

17- COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE [Part B of Schedule II]

1. A compliance certificate shall be furnished by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief
Financial Officer.

2. The compliance certificate shall contain the following statements:

(a) They have reviewed the financial statements and the cash flow statement for the year and that
to the best of their knowledge and belief -
(i) these statements do not contain any materially untrue statement or omit any material fact
or contain statements that might be misleading;
(ii) These statements together present a true and fair view of the listed entity’s affairs and are
in compliance with existing accounting standards, applicable laws and regulations.
(b) There are, to the best of their knowledge and belief, no transactions entered into by the listed
entity during the year which are fraudulent, illegal or violative of the listed entity’s code of
conduct.
(c) They accept responsibility for establishing and maintaining internal controls for financial
reporting and that they have evaluated the effectiveness of the internal control systems of the
listed entity pertaining to financial reporting and they have disclosed to the auditors and the
Audit Committee, deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls, if any, of which
they are aware and the steps they have taken or propose to take to rectify these deficiencies.
(d) They have indicated to the auditors and the Audit committee -
(i) Significant changes in internal control over financial reporting during the year;
(ii) Significant changes in accounting policies during the year and that the same have been
disclosed in the notes to the financial statements; and
(iii) Instances of significant fraud of which they have become aware and the involvement
therein, if any, of the management or an employee having a significant role in the listed
entity’s internal control system over financial reporting.
 18- DISCLOSURES AND OBLIGATIONS
1. Principles governing disclosures and obligations (Regulation 4)
The listed entity shall make disclosures in accordance with the
following principles:
(a) Information shall be prepared and disclosed in accordance with
the applicable standards of accounting and financial
disclosures.
(b) Channels for disseminating information shall provide for equal,
timely and cost efficient access to relevant information by users.
(c) Minutes of the meeting shall be maintained explicitly recording
dissenting opinions, if any.
2. Disclosure of material transactions with related parties in the compliance report
(Regulation 27)
(a) The listed entity shall submit a quarterly compliance report on corporate governance in the
format as specified by SEBI from time to time to the recognised stock exchange(s) within 15
days from the close of the quarter.
(b) Such report shall be signed either by the compliance officer or the chief executive officer of
the listed entity.
(c) Details of all material transactions with related parties shall be disclosed in such report.

3. Disclosure of policy w.r.t. related parties on the website (Regulation 46)

As per Regulation 46, the listed entity shall disclose on its website its policy on dealing with
related party transactions.

4. Disclosure of Accounting Treatment [Schedule V]

(a) The listed entity shall make disclosures in compliance with the Accounting Standard on
Related Party Disclosures.
(b) Listed entity shall disclose transactions of the listed entity with any person or
entity belonging to the promoter/promoter group which hold(s) 10% or more
shareholding in the listed entity, in the format prescribed in the relevant accounting
standards for annual results.
(c) Where in the preparation of financial statements, a treatment different from that prescribed
in an Accounting Standard has been followed, such a fact shall be disclosed in the financial
statements, together with the management’s explanation as to why it believes such alternative
treatment is more representative of the true and fair view of the underlying business
transaction.

5 Disclosures in relation to the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace

 Number of complaints filed during the financial year
 Number of complaints disposed of during the financial year
 Number of complaints pending as on end of the financial year.

19- RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE [REGULATION 21]

1. The Board of directors shall constitute a Risk Management Committee.
2. The majority of members of Risk Management Committee shall consist of members of the Board
of directors.
3. The Chairperson of the Risk Management Committee shall be a member of the Board of
directors and senior executives of the listed entity may be members of the committee.
4. The risk management committee shall meet at least once in a year.
5. The Board of directors shall define the role and responsibility of the Risk Management
Committee and may delegate monitoring and reviewing of the risk management plan to the
committee and such other functions as it may deem fit.
6. The provisions of this regulation shall be applicable to top 100 listed entities, determined on
the basis of market capitalization, as at the end of the immediate previous financial year.
 20- NOMINATION AND REMUNERATION COMMITTEE [REGULATION 19 AND PART D OF
SCHEDULE II]
1. The Board of directors of every listed company shall constitute the Nomination and
Remuneration Committee. The Committee shall comprise of at least 3 directors, all of whom
shall be non-executive directors. At least 50% of the directors shall be independent directors.
2. The Chairperson of the committee shall be an independent director. The Chairperson of the
listed entity, whether executive or non-executive, may be appointed as a member of the
Committee but shall not chair such committee.
3. The Chairperson of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee may be present at the annual
general meeting, to answer the shareholders’ queries. However, it shall be up to the chairperson
to decide who shall answer the queries.
4. The quorum for a meeting of the nomination and remuneration committee shall be
either two members or one third of the members of the committee, whichever is
greater, including at least one independent director in attendance.
5. The nomination and remuneration committee shall meet at least once in a year.

6. The role of the Committee shall include the following:

(i) Formulation of the criteria for determining qualifications, positive attributes and
independence of a director and recommend to the Board of Directors a policy, relating to
the remuneration of the directors, key managerial personnel and other employees
(ii) Formulation of criteria for evaluation of performance of independent directors and the Board
of directors
(iii) Devising a policy on diversity of the Board of directors
(iv) Identifying persons who are qualified to become directors and who may be appointed in
senior management in accordance with the criteria laid down, and recommend to the Board
of directors their appointment and removal.
(v) Whether to extend or continue the term of appointment of the independent directors, on the
basis of the report of performance evaluation of independent directors.
(vi) Recommend to the board, all remuneration, in whatever form, payable to senior
management.
21- REPORT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE [REGULATION 27 AND SCHEDULE II]
1. The listed entity shall submit a quarterly compliance report on corporate governance in the
format as specified by SEBI from time to time to the recognized stock exchange(s) within 15
days from the close of the quarter.
2. Such report shall be signed either by the compliance officer or the chief executive officer of the
listed entity.

22- AUDITORS’CERTIFICATE
Compliance certificate from either the auditors or practicing company secretaries regarding
compliance of conditions of corporate governance shall be annexed with the directors’ report.

The same certificate shall be sent to the Stock Exchange along with the annual report filed by the
company.

23- CONTENT OF MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Management Discussion & Analysis should include discussion on the following matters
within the limits set by the company’s competitive position:
1. Industry structure and developments.
2. Opportunities and Threats.
3. Segment-wise or product-wise performance.
4. Outlook
5. Risks and concerns.
6. Internal control systems and their adequacy.
7. Discussion on financial performance with respect to operational performance.
8. Material developments in Human Resources/Industrial Relations front, including number of people
employed.
9. Details of significant changes (i.e. change of 25% or more as compared to the
immediately previous financial year) in key financial ratios, along with detailed
explanations therefor, including:
Debtors Turnover, Inventory Turnover, Interest Coverage Ratio, Current Ratio, Debt
Equity Ratio, Operating Profit Margin (%), Net Profit Margin (%) or sector-specific
equivalent ratios, as applicable
10. Details of any change in Return on Net Worth as compared to the immediately
previous financial year along with a detailed explanation thereof.
24- ADVERSE OR QUALIFIED STATEMENT
Depending upon the facts and circumstances, some situations may require an adverse or qualified
statement or a disclosure without necessarily making it a subject matter of qualification in the
Auditors’ Certificate, in respect of compliance of requirements of corporate governance for e.g.,
a) The number of non-executive directors is less than 50% of the strength of Board of directors.
b) A qualified and independent audit committee is not set up.
c) The Chairman of the audit committee is not an independent director.
d) The Audit Committee does not meet four times a year.
e) The necessary powers in terms of Part C of Schedule II have not been vested by the Board in
the Audit Committee.
f) The time gap between two Board meetings is more than one hundred and twenty days.
g) A director is a member of more than ten committees or acts as Chairman of more than five
committees across all companies in which he is a director.
h) The information of quarterly results is neither put on the listed entity’s website nor sent in a
form so as to enable the stock exchange on which the entity’s securities are listed to enable
such stock exchange to put it on its own website.
i) The power of share transfer is not delegated to an officer or a committee or to the registrar
and share transfer agents.

25- ILLUSTRATION/DRAFT OF COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

CERTIFICATE
To,
The Members of
(Name of the entity)
We have examined the compliance of conditions of corporate governance by (name of the entity)
for the year ended on
as stipulated in Securities Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure
Requirements) Regulations,
2015 (hereinafter called as “SEBI (LODR) Regulations, 2015”).
The compliance of conditions of corporate governance is the responsibility of the management. Our
examination was limited to procedures and implementation thereof, adopted by the company for
ensuring the compliance of the conditions of the corporate governance. It is neither an audit nor
an expression of opinion on the financial statements of the company. In our opinion and to the
best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, we certify that the company
has complied with the conditions of corporate governance as stipulated in the above mentioned
Regulations.
OR (as applicable)
In our opinion, and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us,
subject to the following:
1)
2)
We certify that the company has complied with the conditions of corporate governance as
stipulated in the above mentioned Regulations.
We state that such compliance is neither an assurance as to the future viability of the company
nor the efficiency or effectiveness with which the management has conducted the affairs of the
company.
For & on behalf of
ABC & Co.
Chartered Accountants
(Partner / Proprietor)
Membership No.
Place
Date