PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT

Occupational Health Doctor Course

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 Contents
vDefinition
vClassification of PPE
vPrinciples of use
vPPE Management Programme
vRespiratory protection
vEar protection
vLimitations

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 DEFINITION

v Equipment (devices or clothings) worn to help

isolate a worker from direct exposure to
hazardous material / condition / environment
v It includes :
- protective clothing
- protective equipment

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 CLASSIFICATION
1. Based on protection of body parts
/system
- e.g: head, eye and face, ear, skin, lungs
2. Based on type of hazards
v Protection against hazards
- physical, chemical, biological
v Protection against accidents
- falls (safety belt); splash protection (goggles)

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 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)

Safety Glasses with Safety Boots/Shoes Hard Hat

Side Shields

Hearing
Protection
Fire Retardant Clothing
[One Piece Coverall) Respiratory Protection
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 Gloves

Leather gloves Rubber gloves

（protection from sharps）
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 Protective
glasses

Goggles

Glass type

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 Protection from chemicals

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 Personal Protective Equipment
FALL PROTECTION (ABOVE 3 METERS)

SCAFFOLDING

SAFETY NET

FULL BODY HARNESS

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 PPE for Biological Hazard
3 ply mask

N95

Surgical
glove

PPE for Ebola Virus

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 PRINCIPLES OF USE
1. As a final line of defense / control measure
2. Where engineering control and work practice
control cannot effectively reduce the exposure
3. Where exposures are temporary
4. If cost of other control measures is too high
5. In addition to other control measures
6. In emergency situation – e.g. chemical spillage ;
use for escape

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 THE WRONG PRACTICES

vPPE is often the first option of control

vPerceived as a cheap method to control
hazards
– Not necessarily true. The cost are ongoing
– Purchasing, maintaining etc
vPPE does nothing to remove hazards
vInappropriate PPE

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 PPE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
q Established by management
q Policy
q Designated individual to run the program
q Risk assessment and auditing
q Worker involvement
q Suitable PPE
q Medical and health surveillance
q Training and equipment maintenance

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 Considerations in the Selection Of PPE
vSelection of PPE is dependent on the
hazard identification, risk assessment and
control measures implemented
vPPE is used to complement/combination of
other control measures
vPPE must be certified/approved
(OSHA)products to ensure acceptable
level of protection from hazards
vLimitations of PPE must be identified
adhered to
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 ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE PPE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Worker
qMedical evaluation
qTraining
Equipment
qEquipment selection
qFit testing and seal
qEquipment maintenance

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 Correct attachment

Do not miss the ‘Fit Test’

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 Training On PPE
• Hazard recognition in the work environment.
• What control measures can be taken.
• The type of PPE suitable for use.
• The limitations of PPE.
• Demonstration of correct use.
• Practicing using the PPE.
• Cleaning, maintaining and repairing PPE.
• Use of PPE in dealing with emergencies.

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 Respiratory protection
1. Against dust, smoke and particulate
matter such as metal fume
2. Against toxic gases, vapour
Choices
ü Type of contaminants
ü O2 deficiency state
ü Workers breathing capabilities

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 Respiratory protection….cont’d

Various forms:
1. Disposable : used for nuisance dust ; generally
unsuitable for toxic dust, vapour or gases
2. Half mask with changeable cartridge
- the filter or cartridge : must suit the contaminant to
be filtered
- filters : do not give protection in at atmosphere
deficient in O2
3. Respirators against gases and vapour
Approved type : AS/NZS 1714, NIOSH

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 Towel-covering is Useless!

Respirable particulate
Diameter <7mm

Inspirable
paticulate
Maximum
diameter
200um
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 Hearing Protection Device

Types :
q Foam Earplugs
q PVC Earplugs
q Earmuffs

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 Hearing protection…. Cont’d

When Should You Wear a Hearing Protection Device?

Indications:
1. Noise exposure ≥ 90 dB(A)
2. Standard threshold shift = > 10 dB (A)
3. Hearing impairment

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 Earplugs - Advantages &
Disadvantages
The advantages:
q Small & lightweight
q Comfortable in hot environments
q Easily used with other safety equipment.
The disadvantages:
q May work loose and require occasional
refitting
q Require specific fitting instructions
q Frequently soiled.
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 Earmuffs - Advantages & Disadvantages

The advantages:
q Easy for employer to supervise the wearing of this device
q One size fits all
q Fits better for longer periods of time.
The disadvantages:
q May fit tight on head
q Uncomfortable in a warm environment
q Problems occur when used with other equipment e.g - goggles

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 Hearing protection
q Protection: 33% - 54% from the degree of protection
obtained during laboratory
q Ear muff is better than ear plug
q Advisable to use both if noise level >97 dB
q PPE selection
Aims : to bring down noise exposure < 85 dB

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 Hearing protection
Area Definition

High Noise Area

> 85 dB(a)
OR

Extremely High
Noise Area AND
> 97 dB(a)

Ear Muffs Can Be OR

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 LIMITATIONS

q May not provide the degree of protection obtained during

laboratory testing
q Effectiveness often depends on `goof fit’ with workers
q Uncomfortable
q May create a hazard in itself – e.g. limited visual field
q Protection offered is difficult to measure
q Tends to transfer the responsibility from the employer to
the worker

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 THANK YOU

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