Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Title:
Supervised by:
Prepared by:
SX161694KAWF04
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
The Foundations is under the part of the building or contact with the soil that
securely transfer loads coming from the structure above it. The foundation can be
divided by two i.e shallow foundation and deep foundation. The parts of structure
which extending above the ground level and foundation are referred to as
superstructure.. Whilst the structural foundation and soil which bear the entire load
coming from above are referred to as substructure. During design stage, the
component from top of superstructure should be design first, then accumulate the
design working loads and transfer to substructure. However during on-site
construction, foundation without doubt is the first component to be constructed.
Consequently, a proper foundation is pre-requisite to fulfil a satisfactory performance
of the superstructure.
At some construction site, the soil at shallow depth is low strength and unable
to sustain the loads being transferred by foundation. Hence, deep foundation which is
able to support larger loads and transfer the loads to deeper soil strata is most
appropriate. Pile foundations are the part of a structure used to carry and transfer the
load of the structure to the bearing ground located at some depth below ground
surface. The main components of the foundation are the pile cap and the piles. It is
long and slender members which transfer the load to deeper soil or rock of high
bearing capacity avoiding shallow soil of low bearing capacity.Generally, piles are
used in group and each group may consists two or more piles which install with an
optimum spacing between piles to maximize the efficiency of pile group. Pile cap
also is a structural member which placed on top of a pile groups. It is almost
1
invariably made of reinforced concrete and designed as individual footing subjected
to its self-weight and
2
loads above it. The loads will distribute to all piles in same group and assumed each
will take equal axial loads.
Pile eccentricity is a common on-site problem which will caused the pre-
designed piles from the exactly correct position on ground. Pilers failure to drive
piles accurately at the right position on the ground is the main reason of eccentric of
eccentric piles. Since the pile eccentricity is a troublesome issue at various
construction site that cause the moment of eccentricity will action on the group of
piles until load distributed to each piles exceed to pile working load. The effect of
eccentricity on the action of the group of pile subject to axial load has a strong
eccentric load that move the centroid of piles from its actual position.
After checked the pile eccentricity and determined it is “Fail”, the most
common solution is adding the new pile to that pile group. It cannot be denied that
adding new pile can overcome pile eccentricity problem properly but it may give rise
to increase the expenditure of project. This is because if the piling company need to
order the new pile and re-mobilize the pile driver machines and operators to the
construction site again, they may request an extra charges to deal with this tiring
process. During on site piling, the number and optimum location of additional pile
also be the critical factors. The cooperation between engineer, surveyor, general
worker and so on is important to tackle this intricate tasks. Moreover, by adding new
pile to a pile group, it may also affect the design of pre-designed pile cap.
To make it simple and reduce amount of cost needed for certain number of
additional pile needed to make it pass, there is an another idea, which is an alternative
method by combining three group of two piles becoming one group of six pile
designed pile caps is used to solve the problem of pile eccentricity.
1.3 Objectives of Study
This study is carried out to develop a computer programme to solve the pile
eccentricity of 3 group of 2 pile. The code of practice that been used is EUROCODE
2: MS EN 1992-1- 1:2010 as specification for analysing the pile. In order to achieve
the objectives, the scope of study is:
1. The type of pile use is spun pile with standard size 300mm diameter. Spun
pile is prestressed concrete pile with circular hollow section.
2. The working load of pile is 400 kN
3. The number of pile per designed pile group is limited to two ot three
groups of two piles only.
4. The method that used to develop procedure analysis and design using
Microsoft Excel.
1.5 Significant of Study
This research will analysis the eccentricity happened by putting the data into
spreadsheet which is Load Distribution Check to check whether it meet the criteria of
“ Pass or fail”. Through this research, the solution to solve the problem of
eccentricity of pile can be improvised, which means instead of do it traditional way
by adding some numbers of pile to counter the problem, modern solution can be find
through this research which is combined the pile cap of both 3 pile group supporting
1 column becoming 6 pile group arrange in series supporting 2 column. The aim of
this research is to check ‘’pass or fail” criteria of combined pile cap consist of 6 pile
group combined arrange in series supporting 2 columns. Through this way, it can
help engineers out there to tackle this problem using the modern solution instead of
traditional way. Other than that, it can save a lot of cost that needed to add some
number of pile because it required a lot of cost and time.