ORIGIN  1 Useful formulas for Shunt capacitors installation (E926 EDSE)

1. Variation in CkVA Load of capacitors with Impressed Voltage

2
Vact Vact = actual voltage across capacitors
CkVAload   kVAcr
2 Vc = rated capacitor voltage
Vc

2. Voltage rise in Transformer Due to Capacitor Installation.

CkVA
%Vrise  %Xt V = Rated voltage of transformers
T
CkVA = kVA capacity of capacitors at rated voltage of transformer
T = kVA capacity of transformer at rated voltage
%Xt = % reactance of transformer


7620volt
example Transformer T  15 kV A Tratio  %Xt  2.5
240 volt
Capacitor CkVA  3 kV A V  240 volt
CkVA %Vrise
%Vrise  %Xt  V  1.2V
T 100

3. Voltage rise in Line Due to Capacitor Installation.

CkVA Mft  X1
%Vrise  %Xt for a three-phase bank of capacitors (CkVA)
2
10 V
X1 = Phase-to-neutral reactance in ohms per Mft
V = Phase-to-phase voltage in kilovolts
Mft*X1 = total line reactance up to capacitors
For single-phase circuits multiply X1 by two

4. Voltage drop in Lines with shunt capacitors (between first customer

and the last customer)
Vdrop  3  R I cos     X I sin  sin     X Ic

Vdrop = Phase-to-phase voltage drop

I = Line current without capacitors
 = power factor angle of load
R = line resisitance
X = line reactance
Ic = Capacitor current
If Ic is large enough, the total voltage drop may be reduced to zero
5. Most economical Power Factor Considering System Thermal Capacity.

0.5
 C 
2
cos      1    
 S 

C = capacitor cost in USD per CkVAR

S = cost of system in USD per kVA from point where capacitors are installed
to and including generator station.

6. Capacitors required to raise power factor from cos(  1) to cos( 2).

 cos  1  CkVA

CkVA   sin  1   sin  2   kVA1 ck  ck  0  0.1 1
 cos  2  kVA1

kVA1 = original kVA at 1 pf  cos  1 pf1  0.4 0.41 1.05

1 = original power factor angle pf2  0.5 0.6 1.0 pf2  1.0
2 = desired power factor angle
cos   1
New kVA at 2 become kVA2  kVA1
cos  2

CkVA( pf2  pf1)   sin ( acos ( pf1) )   sin ( acos ( pf2) ) 

cos ( acos ( pf1) )
 cos ( acos ( pf2) ) 
1
RATIO OF CKVA/KVA1 TO RAISE PF1 TO PF2

M936
0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0.4 0.46 0.52 0.58 0.64 0.7 0.76 0.82 0.88 0.94 1
ORIGINAL POWER FACTOR

7. Incremental kVA of Load at original Power factor to reach Original kVA

before Capacitor Installed.
Increamental kVA of load at 1 (inkVA_kVA1)

 1

2
  2
2
kVAinkVA1  kVA1    sin  1  1    1   cos  1  
CkVA CkVA
  kVA1   2  
kVA1  

kVAinkVA1
kVA  p.u. pf  0.6 0.65 0.9 pf  0.9
kVA1

CkVA
RkVA  RkVA  0  0.01 1.0
kVA1

kVA( pf  RkVA)  ( RkVA sin ( acos ( pf ) )  1)  1  RkVA  cos ( acos ( pf ) ) 2 2 0.5

M937, display modified
M937
1

KVA RELEASED IN pu OF KVA1

0.9
RATIO OF CKVA/KVA1

0.8 0.4
0.7
0.6 0.3
0.5 0.2
0.4
0.3 0.1
0.2
0.1 0
0
0.2 0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1
KVA RELEASED IN pu OF KVA1
0.2
0 0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9 1
RATIO OF CKVA/KVA1

8. Incremental kVA of Load at original Power factor to reach Original

voltage drop before Capacitor Installed.
Increamental kVA of load at 1 (inkVA_Vd)

CkVA kVAinVd
kVAinVd  Val 
 tan  1  R   cos  1 CkVA
 
 X

1
Value of Val  for Copper, ACSR, all Al shall be
 tan  1  R   cos  1  determined first.
  
 X 
j  1 2 
c 
360

CT
ZS Z4 GEN. TRANFORMER Z8 ZL
Ea
L
ZS Z4 Z8 ZL O
Eb
A
ZS D
Z4 Z8 ZL
Ec

RN
PT
Z4 = IMPEDANCE OF CABLE FROM GEN .TO TRANF. CkVA
Z8 = IMPEDANCE OF CABLE FROM TRANSF. TO BUSBAR.

Vc Vb Va IN Ic Ib Ia

CT
ZS Z4 GEN. TRANFORMER Z8 ZL
Ea
L
ZS Z4 Z8 ZL O
Eb
A
D
ZS Z4 Z8 ZL
Ec

RN
PT
Z4 = IMPEDANCE OF CABLE FROM GEN .TO TRANF. CkVA
Z8 = IMPEDANCE OF CABLE FROM TRANSF. TO BUSBAR.

Vc Vb Va IN Ic Ib Ia

LAST LOAD

CT
ZS Z4 GEN. TRANFORMER Z8 ZL Z8 ZL Z8 ZL
Ea A

ZS Z4 Z8 ZL Z8 ZL Z8 ZL
Eb B

ZS Z4 Z8 ZL Z8 ZL Z8 ZL
Ec C

RN
PT
Z4 = IMPEDANCE OF CABLE FROM GEN .TO TRANF. LOAD-1 LOAD-2 CkVA
Z8 = IMPEDANCE OF CABLE FROM TRANSF. TO BUSBAR.

Vc Vb Va IN Ic Ib Ia