4/9/2020 India - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 21°N 78°E

India

India (Hindi: Bhārat), officially the Republic of India

(Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[20] is a country in South Asia. It Republic of India
is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most Bhārat Gaṇarājya
populous country, and the most populous democracy in the see other local names
world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the
Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the
southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[e]
China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and
Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the
vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and
Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Flag
State emblem
Indonesia.
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from "Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Africa no later than 55,000 years ago.[21] Their long Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana"[2][3]
occupation, initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter- "Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All
gatherers, has made the region highly diverse, second only to People"[4][2]
Africa in human genetic diversity.[22] Settled life emerged on
the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river 0:00 / 0:00
basin 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the Indus
Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE.[23] By 1200
BCE, an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European National song
"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)
language, had diffused into India from the northwest,
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][2]
unfolding as the language of the Rigveda, and recording the
dawning of Hinduism in India.[24] The Dravidian languages of
India were supplanted in the northern regions.[25] By 400
BCE, stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within
Hinduism,[26] and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen,
proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity.[27] Early
political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and
Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin.[28] Their collective
era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity,[29] but also
marked by the declining status of women,[30] and the
incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of
belief.[f][31] In south India, the Middle kingdoms exported
Dravidian-languages scripts and religious cultures to the
kingdoms of southeast Asia.[32]
Area controlled by India shown in dark
In the early medieval era, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and green;
Zoroastrianism put down roots on India's southern and regions claimed but not controlled shown
in light green
western coasts.[33] Armed invasions from Central Asia
intermittently overran India's plains,[34] eventually Capital New Delhi
28°36′50″N
establishing the Delhi Sultanate, and drawing northern India 77°12′30″E
into the cosmopolitan networks of medieval Islam.[35] In the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India 1/62