John Quincy P Evangelista

Bs Criminology 1-1

1. Why is there a need for us to understand our country’s history?

Answer:

It is for us to properly understand what our ancestors did in the past and how they lived with that
way of living. Life in the past centuries is brutal because of the other countries that want to
conquer the Philippines for their country to prosper. And our ancestors thought that it is not right
so they fought for our freedom that we’re living these days. In addition to that our country’s
history is beautiful to study because you may know how our ancestors lived in the past and how
they survived without our technologies these days. The Filipino people in the past loved to live
with their families and having a large farm for them to use for their daily needs and trades. Also,
studying history is important because it allows us to understand our past, which in turn allows us
to understand our present. If we want to know how and why our world is the way it is today, we
have to look to history for answers. People often say that “history repeats itself,” but if we study
the successes and failures of the past, we may, ideally, be able to learn from our mistakes and
avoid repeating them in the future. Studying history can provide us with insight into our cultures
of origin as well as cultures with which we might be less familiar, thereby increasing cross-
cultural awareness and understanding. The study of history is important because it can tell us
how we evolved. It can tell us what decisons worked in particular situations in the past and what
didn't. This can be useful when taking decisions today in similar situations. We can also take
inspirations from certain events to motivate us. For example, The Battle of Thermopylae, The
Battle of Longewala, The Battle of Saragarhi. These events tell us how a few stood against
many. They can serve as inspirations for people who find themselves outnumbered by their
opponents (be it anywhere). Also studying why Empires collapsed may give us insights into how
to efficiently run our countries. If the Germans had taken lessons from history, then during World
War 2, they wouldn't have fought in Russia during the winter, like Napoleon did.
Thus, the main reason behind why we should study. History is to ensure that we don't repeat
the same mistakes as our forefathers when History repeats itself. History helps us develop a
better understanding of the world. You can’t build a framework on which to base your life without
understanding how things work in the world. History paints us a detailed picture of how society,
technology, and government worked way back when so that we can better understand how it
works now. It also helps us determine how to approach the future, as it allows us to learn from
our past mistakes (and triumphs) as a society.

2. What benefits can a student derive from a study of our country’s history?
a. Life in the past and life now.

Over the last century, there have been many significant changes in the way we live.
Obviously, it is hard to compare the life of the ancient people and the life of the people of the
twenty first century because so many changes have occurred. However, even the changes that
have taken place over the last ten years are amazing.
To start with, people were not able to travel such long distances in such short period of time.
The planes were not that popular then because they used to be a very expensive means
of transport. Nowadays, we have become very mobile. We have fast and comfortable cars
and more and more people also travels by plane. Moreover, in the past people had to work
much harder as they did not have tools which made their work easier. Today, most of the
difficult and dangerous work is done by computers and other machines. In the past
the conditions of living were not as comfortable as they are now. There were not bathrooms
and running water in many houses, besides many people could not afford household appliances
like fridge, TV set or vacuum cleaner because they used to be luxurious goods. Another
difference between living now and in the past is the fact that nowadays the access to education
is much easier. In the past, there were fewer schools and the quality of the education they
provided was much poorer. Besides, nowadays it is much easier to find the educational
materials that you need thanks to the Internet. Another difference is that in the past there were
not that many sources of entertainment. Therefore people used to spend more time with their
friends.

b. World peace.

World peace is an idea of freedom, peace, and happiness among everyone. World

peace is an idea of a world without violence, where nations try to work with each
other. World peace could mean equal human rights, technology, free education for
everyone, engineering, availability of medicine, diplomats and/or an end to all forms
of fighting.
A report in May 2011 on the Global Peace Index, found that if the world had been
25% more peaceful in the previous year, the global economy would have had an
additional $2 trillion. This amount would have covered 2% of the GDP per year
required to avoid the worst effects of global warming, cover all costs to achieve
the Millennium Development Goals, cancel the public debt held
by Greece, Ireland and Portugal, and cover the one-time rebuilding costs for
the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.[1]
Many religions believe in world peace. The League of Nations and the United
Nations were created to make world peace. Many theorists, however, believe
that humans were born to be violent and preventing it would not be possible because
it is nature. Others have said that criminals do not believe in peace and will continue
to commit crimes.

3. What are the factors that contributed to the growth of Filipino nationalism in the 19th
century? How did it contribute to the development of the Filipino sense of nationhood?
The 19th century

By the late 18th century, political and economic changes in Europe were finally
beginning to affect Spain and, thus, the Philippines. Important as a stimulus to trade was
the gradual elimination of the monopoly enjoyed by the galleon to Acapulco. The last
galleon arrived in Manila in 1815, and by the mid-1830s Manila was open to foreign
merchants almost without restriction. The demand for Philippine sugar and abaca
(hemp) grew apace, and the volume of exports to Europe expanded even further after
the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869.
 The growth of commercial agriculture resulted in the appearance of a new class.
Alongside the landholdings of the church and the rice estates of the pre-Spanish nobility
there arose haciendas of coffee, hemp, and sugar, often the property of enterprising
Chinese-Filipino mestizos. Some of the families that gained prominence in the 19th
century have continued to play an important role in Philippine economics and politics.
Not until 1863 was there public education in the Philippines, and even then the church
controlled the curriculum. Less than one-fifth of those who went to school could read and
write Spanish, and far fewer could speak it properly. The limited higher education in the
colony was entirely under clerical direction, but by the 1880s many sons of the wealthy
were sent to Europe to study. There, nationalism and a passion for reform blossomed in
the liberal atmosphere. Out of this talented group of overseas Filipino students arose
what came to be known as the Propaganda Movement. Magazines, poetry, and
pamphleteering flourished. José Rizal, this movement’s most brilliant figure, produced
two political novels—Noli me tangere (1886; Touch Me Not) and El
filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)—which had a wide impact in the Philippines.
In 1892 Rizal returned home and formed the Liga Filipina, a modest reform-minded
society, loyal to Spain, that breathed no word of independence. But Rizal was quickly
arrested by the overly fearful Spanish, exiled to a remote island in the south, and finally
executed in 1896. Meanwhile, within the Philippines there had developed a firm
commitment to independence among a somewhat less privileged class.

4. Describe the katipunan in terms of the following:

a. Organizational structure
 The organizational structure of the Katipunan entailed three ranks of
membership, with new members starting out as “katipon,” then moving up to
“kawal” and eventually to “bayani.” Members were to pay an entrance fee of
one real fuerte, a unit of currency equal to 1/8 of a silver real peso, as well as
monthly dues and other fees paid exclusively to the Benefit Fund and collected at
every session or meeting.

b. Recruitment and Initiation rites

 There is no reason to suppose the initiation rites detailed here were
atypical, but it is not known how widely they were observed in precisely
this form, because practices changed over time, and varied from branch to
branch.  In the months immediately prior to August 1896, the Katipunan
seems generally to have adopted shorter, simpler rituals in order to cope
with the dramatic, unprecedented surge in recruitment.  The ritual set out
here would manifestly have taken a long time, especially if several recruits
were being initiated at once, which might suggest the document dates
from before 1896. 

c. Grades of membership
 There were three grades of membership within the katipunan (society): the first
grade, the second grade, and the third grade. A member of the first grade was
called a "katipon" ("associate") and wore a black hood with a triangle of white
ribbons during the meetings of the society. The letters Z. Ll. B. were inscribed
 inside the white ribbons and they were the Katipunan letter codes which stood for
"anak ng bayan" ("sons of the people"), the password of the katipon. A member
of the second grade was called a "kawal" ("soldier") and wore a green hood with
a triangle of white lines during the meetings of the society. The password for a
"kawal" was Gom-Bur-Za, the first syllables of the names of three Filipino
martyrs: Gomez, Burgos and Zamora. A member of the third grade was called a
"bayani" ("patriot") and wore a red mask and sash with green borders. The
password for a "bayani" was Rizal, who was the most influential person of the
"Propaganda Movement" during this period in Philippine history.
5. Describe the life in the early Filipino settlement in terms of the following:

a. Early beliefs
The first people believed to setteld in the Philippines were
negritos. Negritos have sort of have sort in height with
thick lips, flatnose, and kinky hair. They had balck
complexion.

The second group of settlers who arrived in the Philippines

were the Indonesian.

The third group who arrived in the Philippines was

the Malays, who arrived ny boat known as
Balangays. Physically the Malayas were of medium
height, with fair complexion, flat nose and straight
hair.

b. Use of metals
The first recorded metals used were those found, in
an unreacted state referred to as 'Native Metals'.
These metals could be mined and used without the
need of more complicated extraction or separation
from other metals or nonmetallic atoms. Most metals
naturally occur as minerals or compounds, where the
metal atom has reacted with other metals or
nonmetallic atoms, one of the key steps of the
 development of Metallurgy as a science, revolves around the extraction of metals
from their naturally states.

c. Early arts and music

Filipino Music and Art, both from
cultures that have immigrated to this
country have been affected. The first
type of music that was developed in
the Philippines, indigenous music
brought here by native tribes that
migrated from Taiwan. There are
three basic groups of indigenous
music styles: Southern styles, the
styles of the North and other styles.
The southern style of music usually
consists of five different instruments,
including the kulintang, the Agung and
the gangdinagan dabakanbabedil.
The styles of the northern indigenous music reflecting Asian gong music. Their music
usually offers the gong called unbossed gangs. In addition to the tools of musical
styles of the South and the North uses the other instruments in the Philippines are
using the log drums, flutes, stringed instruments and bamboo Kudyapi.

d. Writing
The ancient Filipinos
alphabet consisted of three
vowels and fourteen
consonants. Natives wrote
on many different materials;
leaves, palm fronds, tree
bark and fruit rinds, but the
most common materials was
bamboo.
e. Literature
The early form of literature
during pre-Spanish period
was a classified into written
or oral. Examples of oral
literature consisted of;
maxims, bugtong, boat
song. Victory songs,
lullaby, wedding songs and
the written literature are;
indarapatra at sulayman
and bidasari and handiong.