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President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992)

The Constitution ratified by the Filipino people during the administration of President Coraz7on C. Aquino provides
under Section 21 under Article II that “The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.”

On June 10, 1988, former President Corazon C. Aquino signed into law Republic Act No. 6657 or otherwise known as the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). The law became effective on June 15, 1988.

Subsequently, four Presidential issuances were released in July 1987 after 48 nationwide consultations before the actual
law was enacted.

President Corazon C. Aquino enacted the following laws:

Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987 – Declared full ownership to qualified farmer-beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It
also determined the value remaining unvalued rice and corn lands subject of PD 27 and provided for the manner of
payment by the FBs and mode of compensation to landowners.
Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 – Provided mechanism for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program (CARP).

Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 – Instituted the CARP as a major program of the government. It provided for a
special fund known as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF), with an initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the estimated
cost of the program from 1987-1992.

Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987 – streamlined and expanded the power and operations of the DAR.

Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) – An act which became effective June 15,
1988 and instituted a comprehensive agrarian reform program to promote social justice and industrialization providing
the mechanism for its implementation and for other purposes. This law is still the one being implemented at present.

Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 – Vested in the Land Bank of the Philippines the responsibility to determine land
valuation and compensation for all lands covered by CARP.

Executive Order No. 407, June 14, 1990 – Accelerated the acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands, pasture
lands, fishponds, agro-forestry lands and other lands of the public domain suitable for agriculture.

another one

President Corazon Aquino envisioned agrarian and land reform as the centerpiece of her administration's social
legislative agenda. However, her family background and social class as a privileged daughter of a wealthy and landed
clan became a lightning rod of criticisms against her land reform agenda. On 22 January 1987, less than a month before
the ratification of the 1987 Constitution, agrarian workers and farmers marched to the historic Mendiola Street near the
Malacañan Palace to demand genuine land reform from Aquino's administration. However, the march turned violent
when Marine forces fired at farmers who tried to go beyond the designated demarcation line set by the police. As a
result, 12 farmers were killed and 19 were injured in this incident now known as the Mendiola massacre. This incident
led some prominent members of the Aquino Cabinet to resign their government posts.

MALACAÑANG

MANILA

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 27

DECREEING THE EMANCIPATION OF TENANTS FROM THE BONDAGE OF THE SOIL, TRANSFERRING TO THEM THE
OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND THEY TILL AND PROVIDING THE INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANISM THEREFOR

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, more commonly known as CARP, is an agrarian reform law of the
Philippines whose legal basis is the Republic Act No. 6657,otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
(CARL). It is the redistribution of private and public agricultural lands to help the beneficiaries survive as small
independent farmers, regardless of the “tenurial” arrangement. Its goals are to provide landowners equality in terms of
income and opportunities, empower land owner beneficiaries to have equitable land ownership, enhance agricultural
production and productivity, provide employment to more agricultural workers, and put an end to conflicts regarding
land ownership.