Electrical Sciences

EEE F111

Dr. A. Amalin Prince

BITS - Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Lecture – 7
Time Domain Analysis: Inductors, Capacitors and their VI relations

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Energy Storage Elements

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Capacitors

Series parallel capacitors?

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Capacitors Integral Relationship
Determine the current through a 200-μF capacitor whose voltage is shown in Figure

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Capacitors

 A capacitor is an open circuit to dc

 The voltage on a capacitor cannot change abruptly
 The ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy
 A real, nonideal capacitor has a parallel-model leakage
resistance

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Inductors

Series parallel inductors?

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Inductors

 An inductor acts like a short circuit to dc.

 The current through an inductor cannot change
instantaneously
 Like the ideal capacitor, the ideal inductor does not
dissipate energy
 A practical, nonideal inductor has a significant resistive
component

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Important Characteristics of Basic
Elements

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Integral relationship?
Duality

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How to Find Dual?

 Graphical way
 Principle of duality is limited to planar circuits, nonplanar circuits
have no dual.
 Given a planar ckt, dual can be constructed by following method
o Place a node at the center of each mesh of the given circuit. Place
the reference node (the ground) of the dual circuit outside the given
circuit.
o Draw lines between the nodes such that each line crosses an
element. Replace that element by its dual (see Table before).
o To determine the polarity of voltage sources and direction of current
sources, follow this rule: A voltage source that produces a positive
(clockwise) mesh current has as its dual a current source whose
reference direction is from the ground to the nonreference node.
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Practice Problem
Construct the dual of the circuit

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