NCN

www.nanohub.org


ECE606:
Solid
State
Devices

Lecture
40:
Looking
Back
and
Looking
Ahead


Muhammad
Ashraful
Alam

alam@purdue.edu


Alam

ECE‐606
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Outline


1.  Looking
Back:
Quick
review
of
what
we
learned


2.  New
devices
–
looking
ahead



a.  flexible
electronics

b.  solar
cells,
and


c.  Nanobio
sensors


3.  Conclusion


Alam

ECE‐606
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 Outline
of
the
Course


ApplicaCon
specific
 Physical
Principle
of
 FoundaCon


device
operaCon
 device
operaCon
 in
Physics

Device‐specific

system
design

EE606

TFT
for


Displays
 Quantum

Resistors
(5
wk)

Mechanics

CMOS‐based
 +

Circuits
for
mP
 Diodes
(3
wk)
 StaPsPcal


Mechanics

LASERS
for

 Bipolar
(3
wk)

Disk
Drives

MOSFETs
(
3
wks)
 Transport


MEMS
for

 EquaPons

Read
heads


Alam

ECE‐606
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Quantum,
StaPsPcal
Mechanics
to
Devices


Alam

ECE‐606
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A
Quick
Summary



k DOS
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Graphene
and
other
materials
..



www.magnet.fsu.edu
 DOS
6
On
Fermi
FuncPons
 http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/SPM/JEOL/

Energy‐Band
 Density
of
States


E

E

E3

E2

E1

g(E)

k


Importance of correlation – free vs. localized states

7
EquaPons
to
solve
…
analyPcal/numerical
approach



Band‐diagram


Diffusion
approximaPon,

Minority
carrier
transport,

Ambipolar
transport


Alam

ECE‐606
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Short‐cut
to
Band‐diagram



Space
Neutral Charge Neutral

Vacuum
level


c2
c1 EC


EF

EV


… is equivalent to solving the Poisson equation

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ECE‐606
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Minority
Carrier
Diffusion



q(Vbi-VA)

-VA Fn
Fp

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ECE‐606
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Thermionic
Emission
&
Heterostructure
DisconPnuity



q(Vbi‐VA)


VA
EC‐EF


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Small
Signal
AC
Response
 CJ

G

RS


CD


Δρ

VA<0
 n

p

x


Δρ

VA>0


x

x


Alam

ECE‐606
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 Digital,
Large
Signal
ApplicaPons

VA(t)


ln(I)

t


‘0’
to
‘1’

‘1’
 V A ‘1’
to
‘0’

‘0’

V

i(t)
 IF


‐0.1IR


‐IR
 tr

ts

trr
 Alam

ECE‐606
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Large
Signal
Charge
Control
Model

n(x,t)
 Area
under
the


curve
@
given

Cme


x


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ECE‐606
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Few
concepts
for
Device
Analysis


Equilibrium DC Small Large

signal Signal

Diode Band‐diagram
 diffusion
 dn/dt~jwn
 Charge‐

control


Schottky Band‐diagram
 TE
 JuncPon

 Majority


capacitance
 transport


BJT/HBT Band‐diagram
 diffusion dn/dt~jwn
 Charge‐

/TE
 control


MOSCAP 2D
band‐ Dril/TE
 MOS
 Charge‐

MOSFET diagram
 capacitance
 control


Alam

ECE‐606
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 Grand
Challenges
in
Electronics



Vacuum


Bipolar
 MOSFET
 Now
??

Tubes

Spintronics


Bio
Sensors


Displays
….
1906‐1950s
 1947‐1980s
 1960‐unPl
now

Temp


?
Bipolar
 MOS

Tubes


1900








1920









1940









1960









1980







2000







2020

Alam

ECE‐606
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 Emergence
of
Macroelectronics

high Biosensors Energy Flexible Electronics

Poly-Si NanoNet
Performance
medium

Polymers mesoporous
low

small medium large

Area
Thin
Film
Organic
Transistors


 
Can
you
draw
the
band‐diagram?

pentacene
  
What
type
of
transport
theory
would
you
use?


 
Would
you
be
able
to
use
numerical
simulators

from
nanohub.org
to
explore
the
TFT?

Sony
display
180x120
pixels

www.faculty.iu-bremen.de/dknipp/group/research.htm
M.G. Kanatzidis, Nature, 428, 2004. 18
Four
processes
of
a
Solar
Cell


Side
view
 Band‐diagram


Electron-hole recombination before dissociation

at the junction makes it a poor cell …
Nanostructured
Solar
Cells


mixed layers electron

Holes
Fundamentals
of
nanobiosensing

An array … Individual sensor Capture Probe

Q1 C

A
T

Conductance (G)
ts response time
Q1 C
G
A T

G C
Q2
DG
A T
T A

G0
Optical detection schemes Time
Surface Plasmon Resonance
Conclusions:
Robots
and
Jellyfish


Resources

energy

function

reusability

Life at the edge of equilibrium thermodynamics is

very successful ; Shouldn’t our electronics be the same ?
Summary



1)  Electronics
remains
a
vibrant
area
and
there
have
been

many
innovaPon
beyond
the
classical
electronic
devices.


2)



It
is
likely
that
electronics
will
find
applicaPons
beyond

compuPng
and
communicaPon.
Nothing
new,
actually!

Electronics
started
with
electrical
machines,
branched

into
communicaPon,
radar,
then
to
compuPng;
future

applicaPons
in
energy
conversion,
health
care
are

anPcipated.




Alam

ECE‐606
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Acknowledgement



1)  Mohammad
Asaduzzman

for
help
with
figures
and
HW.


2)  Mr.
Joe
Cychosz
and
Rick
Desuver

for
helping
us

videotape
these
lecture.


3)  Network
of
computaPonal
Nanotechnology
for
resources

and
Intel
for
financial
support.


4)  Profs.

M.

Lundstrom
and
S.
Dava
for
discussions.


5)  Students
from
previous
EE606
classes
who
endured
the

course
without
lecture
notes.



6)  And
to
you
…
for
showing
up
at
7:30am

morning
class!


Alam

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