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EFFECT OF CHANGING ARM PRESSURE OF DRAFTING ZONE OF A
ROVING FRAME ON YARN QUALITY
Nafis Abir*, Sanaullah Murad, Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder
Department of Textile Engineering, Port City International University
ABSTRACT
To convert cotton fibers into yarn, a considerable number of machines are required. Each
and every machine has different parameters, which can be changed to optimize the
characteristics of intermediate or final products. The pressure applied on top rollers of drafting
zone is considered as one of the major factors that determines the characteristics of the roving
and the ultimate yarn.
Drafting zone is required for attenuation of the passing material. To properly draft the material,
adequate contact of top and bottom rollers is necessary. This contact is ensured by pressure arm,
generally pressures are provided by spring load principle. Pressures on rollers may differ with
the change of raw material. Here, in this Project Work, different pressure arm loads were
applied, and their consequences on product quality were studied.
Keywords: Roving, drafting zone, pressure arm, pressure disc, Toyota FL- 200
INTRODUCTION
In ring spinning process, roving frame is a must. Where the can of sliver from drawing
frames is fed between three sets of drafting rolls. Each following sets of rolls faster than
preceding set. This pulls the sliver to thin it down as a roving.
(Corbman, 1983)
In spite of the fact that the drawn sliver meets all requirements to make a yarn (as the
fibers are aligned in an orderly manner) but use of a speed frame is necessary for two principal
reasons. For a ringframe, it is impossible to give 300-500 draft to a sliver to make yarn.
Drawframe can represent the worst conceivable mode of transport and presentation of feed
material to the ring spinning frame.
The main objective of speed frame is to attenuate the drawn sliver into the form of a
roving which is suitable for feeding to the ring frame as the linear density of roving is within the
range of drafting capacity of the ring frame to make it a yarn.
The chief task of the roving frame is the attenuation of the sliver through drafting. Since
the resulting fine strand has scarcely any coherence, protective twist must be inserted in order to
hold it together.
(www.rieter.com)
Experimental Method:
During our experiment, we changed arm pressure and observed how the
changes affect the quality of fibrous material.
Experimental setting of Pressure arm load:
Main specifications of Toyota FL–200:
Number of spindles: maximum 144
3. Those eight cans were fed to finisher drawframe and eight drawn Sliver
cans were produced which were fed to roving frame.
4. For pressure arm load combination 1, 2, 3; samples were produced from
same can sliver.
5. Finally yarn samples were taken to the quality control dept. for testing and
finally all tested results were analyzed.
Table 1: Quality parameters of yarn obtained from front- and back row
rovings by applying B-B-B-B (low) pressure arm loads on drafting
rollers (Combination 1).
Table 3: Quality parameters of yarn obtained from front- and back row
rovings by applying R-R-R-R (high) pressure arm loads on drafting
rollers (Combination 3).
From the figure 1(a), we can see that CV values of yarn obtained from back row
roving are higher than those obtained from front row.
17
16.5
CVm %
16 Combination 1
15.5 Combination 2
15 Combination 3
Front Row Roving Back Row Roving
Roving from Different Rows
1.2
1
CV variation
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3
From figure 2(a), we can see that thick places values of yarn obtained from back
row rovings are higher than those obtained from front row.
500
Thick place(+50%/km)
400
300
Combination 1
200
Combination 2
100
0 Combination 3
Front Row Roving Back Row Roving
Roving from Different Rows
60
50
Thick place variation
40
30
(no.)
20
10
0
Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3
From figure 3(a), it can be see that thin places per km of yarn obtained from the
back row are higher than those obtained from front row for combination 1 and 3.
In back row thin places value of yarn is lower than front row in combination 2.
500
Thin place (-40%/km)
400
300
Combination 1
200
100 Combination 2
0 Combination 3
Front Row Roving Back Row Roving
Roving from Different Rows
120
Thin place variation (n0.)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3
We can observe from this figure-4(a) the yarn from the front row roving shows
better CSP value than that from back row roving.
2500
2000
1500
CSP
Combination 1
1000
Combination 2
500
Combination 3
0
Front Row Roving Back Row Roving
Roving from Different Rows
250
200
CSP variation
150
100
50
0
Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3
In case of pressure arm loads we can see from fig 1(b) and 2(b) that , differences between CVm
and thick places of yarn obtained from front and back row rovings show less variation for
combination 2 (with medium pressure on drafting roller). Here, the CSP values were also found
higher in case of combination 2, fig 4(a).though this variation of CSP of yarns between rows
were higher, the lowest value in this combination is higher than the highest values of other two
combinations (combination 1 and 3 ).
So, among those three combinations combination 2 (medium pressure on drafting rollers) is
optimum.
Conclusion:
From the experimental results it may be concluded that , the process and quality
parameters of roving and yarn can be improved by using appropriate arm
pressure on drafting zone. This practice leads to reduction in differences between
the properties of yarns obtained from front and back row rovings. The
optimization of loads on drafting rollers of the Speed frame is very much
essential important for smooth running of machine and quality of ultimate
product.
REFERENCES
Ayub Nabi Khan., Mohammad Rubaiyat Chowdhury, Principles of Short Staple Spinning
(2nd Edition): 183
Abu Sayed. Importance and amount of Roller weighting & advantages of spring
Weighting, (textileapex.blogspot.com)
Ishtiaque S.M., Optimization of Fiber Friction, Top Arm Pressure and Roller Setting at
Various Drafting Stages. Textile Research Journal, 76(12): 913-921
www.toyota-industries.com, 14.01.15
www.rieter.com, 14.01.15