Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 5

EMINENT CLASSES

CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATION


 Chemical Reaction:-The process in which new substances with new properties are
formed from one or more substances is called Chemical Reaction.
 The substances which take part in chemical reaction are called Reactants.
 The substances which are formed in a chemical reaction are called Products.
Examples:
Digestion of food, Respiration, Rusting of iron, Burning of Magnesium ribbon,
Formation of curd
 Chemical reaction involves :
Change in state, Change in colour, Change in temperature, Evolution of gas

 Types of Chemical Reactions


1. Combination Reaction: The reaction in which two or more reactant combine to form
a single product.
 Burning of coal
 Formation of water

 Exothermic Reactions: Reaction in which heat is released along with formation of


products.

2. Decomposition Reaction: The reaction in which a compound splits into two or more
simple substances is called decomposition reaction. A → B + C
a) Thermal decomposition: When decomposition is carried out by heating.

Venue: - MIG – 305, Bagmugaliya Extension, Near Katara Hills Bus Stop, Bhopal. 8982404670
Page | 1
b) Electrolytic Decomposition: When decomposition is carried out by passing electricity.

c) Photolytic Decomposition: When


decomposition is carried out in
presence of sunlight.
 Silver chloride turns grey on
exposure to sunlight
 This reaction is used in black & white photography..
 Endothermic Reaction: The reaction which require energy in the form of heat light and
electricity to break reactants is called
endothermic reaction.
3. Displacement reaction: The chemical reaction in which more reactive element displaces less
reactive element from its salt solution.
e.g.

The iron nail becomes brownish in colour by deposition of Cu and blue colour of CuSO,
changes to dirty green colour due to formation of FeSO4
Zn + CuSO4 → ZnS04 + Cu
Zn is more reactive than copper.
4. Double Displacement Reaction: A reaction in which new compounds are formed by
mutual exchange of ions between two compounds.

Venue: - MIG – 305, Bagmugaliya Extension, Near Katara Hills Bus Stop, Bhopal. 8982404670
Page | 2
5. Oxidation And Reduction:

 Oxidation: (i) The addition of oxygen to reactant.


(ii) The removal of hydrogen from a reactant.
e.g. C + O2 → CO2

 Reduction: (i) The addition of hydrogen to reactant.


(ii) The removal of oxygen from a reactant.

In this reaction CuO is reduced to Cu and H, is oxidized to H20. So, oxidation and reduction
taking place together is redox reaction.

Effects of Oxidation in Daily Life


1. Corrosion: ·
 When a metal is exposed to moisture, air, acid etc. for some time, a layer
of hydrated oxide is formed which weakens the metal and hence metal is
said to be corroded.
 Corrosion damages buildings, bridges, ships, automobiles and other
articles made of iron. Hence, prevention of corrosion is necessary. This will
not only save money but can also prevent the occurrence of accidents.
 Corrosion can be prevented by galvanization, electroplating or by putting
paints.
e.g. Corrosion (Rusting) of iron: Fe203 x H2O
Corrosion of copper: CuCO3. Cu(OH)2 (Copper carbonate)
Corrosion of silver: Ag2S (Silver Sulphide)
Corrosion of Aluminium: Al2O3 (Silver Oxide)

2. Rancidity: The oxidation of fats and oils when exposed to air is known as
rancidity. It leads to bad smell and bad taste of food.
Methods to Prevent Rancidity
(i) By adding antioxidants
(ii) Keeping food in air tight containers
(iii) Replacing air by Nitrogen
(iv) Refrigeration

Venue: - MIG – 305, Bagmugaliya Extension, Near Katara Hills Bus Stop, Bhopal. 8982404670
Page | 3
One Mark Questions
1. In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one electrode double that of gas
collected over the other electrode. [CBSE S.R 2018, CBSE 2009, 2012, 2013]

2. What can be seen when a strip of copper metal is placed in a solution of silver nitrate?
[CBSE 2015]
3. State one industrial application of reduction process. [CBSE 2015]
4. Which are of the following is a chemical change? Give reason also.
(a) Burning of wax (b) Melting of wax (C) Rusting of iron (d) melting of iron [CBSE 2014]
5. State one basic difference between a physical change and a chemical change.
[CBSE 2014,2011]
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
1. (a) Complete the following equation for the chemical reaction: [CBSE 2016]
FeSO4(s) Heat Fe2O3 + ___ +___
(b) What happens when water is added to quicklime (CaO)?
Write the chemical equation.
2. Write balanced chemical equation for the following reactions:
a) Hydrogen sulphide burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
b) Barium chloride reacts in aqueous solution with zinc sulphate to give zinc chloride and
barium sulphate [CBSE 2016]
3. Name the reducing agent in the following reaction:

State which is more reactive, Mn or Al and Why? [CBSE 2016, 2015]


4. We need to balance a skeleton chemical
equation”. Give reason to justify the statement.
[CBSE 2015]
5. A metal is treated with dilute H2SO4.The gas evolved collected by the method as shown in figure.
Answer the following questions:
a) Name the gas liberated.
b) Name the method used for collection of gas.
c) Is the gas soluble or insoluble in water?
d) Is the gas lighter or heavier than air?
[CBSE 2015, CBSE 2010]

6. Consider the following chemical equation:

Identify (a) X and Y (b) The type of reaction. [CBSE 2015]


7. On heating copper powder in air, the surface of copper powder becomes coated with black
CuO. How can this black coating be converted into brown copper? Write chemical equation for
the reaction that occurs during the colour change. [CBSE 2015]
8. Consider the chemical equations given below and answer the questions which follow:

a) Name the substances that are oxidised and reduced respectively in each case
b) Identify the reducing agent in each case. [CBSE 2015]

Venue: - MIG – 305, Bagmugaliya Extension, Near Katara Hills Bus Stop, Bhopal. 8982404670
Page | 4
9. Identify the type of reaction from the following equations:

[CBSE 2015]
10. a. What is colour of ferrous sulphate crystals? How does this colour change after heating?
b. Name the products formed on strongly heating ferrous sulphate crystals. What type of
chemical reaction occurs in this change? [CBSE 2012.2009]
11. Identify the type of each of the following reactions:
a. A reaction in which a single product is formed from two or more reactants.
b. The reaction mixture becomes warm.
c. An insoluble substance is formed.
d. External surface of the container in which reaction takes place becomes cold.
12. A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble white
substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the type of
reaction. [CBSE 2012, 2011, 2010]

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. State one example each characterised by following along with suitable chemical equation.
a. Change in state,
b. Evolution of gas,
c. Change in temperature. [CBSE 2016]
2. (i) Solid calcium oxide was taken in a container and water was added slowly to it.
(a) Write the observations.
(b) Write the chemical formula of the product formed.
(ii) What happens when carbon dioxide is bubbled through lime water
(a) in small amount
(b) in excess? [CBSE 2013, 2012, 2010]
3. Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:
a) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
b) Barium chloride reacts with zinc sulphate to give
c) zinc chloride and barium sulphate.
d) Natural gas bums in air to form carbon dioxide and water. [CBSE 2013, 2012, 2010]

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Write balanced chemical equation for the following statements:


a) NaOH solution is heated with zinc granules.
b) Excess of carbon dioxide is passed through lime water.
c) Dilute sulphuric acid is added to sodium carbonate.
d) Egg shell is dropped in hydrochloric acid,
e) Copper (II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. [CBSE 2016]
2. Identify the type of chemical reaction in the following statement and define each of them:
a) Digestion of food in our body.
b) Rusting of iron.
c) Heating of manganese dioxide with aluminium powder.
d) Blue colour of copper sulphate solution disappears when iron filings are added to it.
e) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium chloride
and water. [CBSE 2016]

Venue: - MIG – 305, Bagmugaliya Extension, Near Katara Hills Bus Stop, Bhopal. 8982404670
Page | 5

Вам также может понравиться