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ENGINEERING
A Report on Road Accident Studies
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction……………………………………….3
Contributing factors………………………………4
Objectives of Accident Studies…………………….5
Causes of Road Accidents…………………………6
Accident types……………………………………..7
Accident data……………………………………...8
Collision Diagrams………………………………11
Causes of the collision…………………………....12
Remedial steps undertaken………………………13
Conclusion……………………………………….14
INTRODUCTION
The problem of accidents is very acute in highway transportation due
to complex flow patterns of vehicular traffic and presence of mixed
traffic along with pedestrians. Traffic accidents lead to loss of life and
property. Thus, traffic engineers have to undertake a big responsibility
of providing safe traffic movements to road users and ensure their
safety. Road accidents cannot be totally prevented but by suitable traffic
engineering and management, accident rates can be reduced to a
certain extent. For this reason, systematic study of traffic accidents are
required to be carried out. Proper investigation of the cause of an
accident will help to propose preventive measures in terms of design
and control.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Road traffic accidents are primarily influenced by three main factors:
Human (drivers, riders, vehicle occupants, pedestrians and cyclists)
Vehicle (vehicle design/structure, mass, equipment such as
seatbelts or tires, etc.)
Infrastructure/Environment (hereinafter called “infrastructure”
and comprising roadway, signage, weather, conditions affecting
visibility, etc.)
Conventionally, accidents are analyzed for each of the above factors, and
the accident is finalized as a result of a problem with only one of these
factors. This type of analysis results in an overrepresentation of human
failures and tends to identify driver errors as the main contributors to
road traffic accidents. Thus, the commonly repeated wisdom—“Driver
error is the cause of over 90% of accidents”.
The problem with this type of analysis is the assumption that the driver
initiated the accident and hence all responsibility lies with him/her.
Influencing factors which are vehicle-related and infrastructure-related
are often not accounted for, even though they are an inseparable part of
the whole accident.
OBJECTIVES OF ACCIDENT STUDIES
VEHICLES INVOLVED:
The vehicles involved in the accident were a grey Honda City and
a Hyundai i10. The brake pads of the Honda City were found to
be defective.
NATURE OF ACCIDENT:
The accident was classified as a rear-end collision. It resulted in
significant damages to both the vehicles involved. The Honda City
sustained serious damage to the windshield, engine and bonnet.
The Hyundai sustained damages to the rear bumper, deck lid and
fender.
Fortunately, no injuries were sustained by either driver involved
in the accident.
PRIMARY CAUSE:
The accident was primarily caused due to human errors on part
of the Honda owner, where it was found that the vehicle had
faulty brake pads installed. Also, the driver was reportedly
travelling over the speed limit assigned at that particular
intersection.
Also, it was found that the site of the accident was non-signalized
and lacked the necessary markings required for the proper
awareness of motorists.
ACCIDENT COSTS:
The damages incurred to both parties was significant.
The Honda City racked up damages costing Rs. 75,000. The
vehicle, being insured, was repaired by the insurance provider.
The Hyundai incurred damages amounting to Rs, 35000.
There were no injuries sustained by both the drivers. Also, no
damage to property was reported at the scene of the accident.
COLLISION DIAGRAMS
However, new drivers also sometimes do things that can increase their
risk of crash involvement. These include:
“It takes 8460 bolts to assemble an automobile, and just one nut to
scatter it all over the road!”