Analysis Speech and Thought Model in Script of Speech

from Emma Watson

Reza Augusti Putri

16019066
Introduction

Speech is the communication or expression of thought in spoken

word. The speech that writer analyze is about gender Equality that was
spoken by Emma Watson (2014) in the United Nations’ HeForShe
Movement. It was literary work that the writer will analyze several kind
in the script speech.

According to Simpson (2004) the presentation of speech and

thought is not straightforward. There is an array of techniques for
reporting speech and thought, so it makes sense as stylisticians to be
aware of and to have at our disposal a suitable model that in the first
instance enables us to identify the modes used, and in the second,
enables us to assess the effects in the ways these modes are used. The
first step towards the development of this model is taken in the next sub-
unit which provides a brief outline of the principal categories of speech
and thought presentation.

The main characterisitic that usually found in the speech script

from Emma Watson is characterization of the speech and thought model.
The most influential framelework for the analysis of speech and thought
representation in narrative fiction. But the writer use narrative non fiction
 to analyze the speech and thought model. The reasons why the writer
used the script speech from Emma Watson as a subject of analysis is
because the fact that the script of Emma Watson often use direct speect
than narraive reporting of act. And the reasons why the writer prefer use
script of speech is because the writer had analyzed text about narrative
fiction such us prose.

Theoritical Review

According to Leech and Short (1981), it has been introduced for

the first time about the systematic distinction between speech and
thought modes of presentation and it has republished in the same forms
by Leech and Short (2007). They identify five main modes of speech
presentation : direct, indirect, free indirect, free direct and narrative
report of speech act.
Leech and Short (2007) also expalined in their book that the first
systematic account of this important narrative technique and their
account is rich in illustrative examples. More recently, much work has
been carried out by stylisticians on the way speech and thought is
presented in discourse genres beyond those conventionally classed as
literary.
According to Simpson (2004) Direct Speech stands in contrast to
(though is systematically related to) an altogether more remote form of
reporting known as Indirect Speech (IS). The method for converting Direct
forms into Indirect ones requires you to carry out a series of simultaneous
grammatical operations.
And these are summarised as follows:
Stage 1: Make the reported material distant from the actual
speech used.
 Stage 2: Alter pronouns by shifting 1st and 2nd person pronouns
(‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’) into 3rd person forms (‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ or ‘they’).
Stage 3: Switch deictic words (see A7) from their proximal forms
into their distal forms.
Stage 4: Change the direction of movement verbs.
Stage 5: Place tenses in their ‘backshifted’ forms. For example, if
the primary tense is in the simple present (eg. ‘know’) the backshifted
tense will be in the simple past (‘knew’). Through this process, a modal
verb like ‘will’ becomes ‘would’, ‘does’ becomes ‘did’, ‘must’ becomes
‘had to’, ‘is’ becomes ‘was’ and so on. If the primary tense is already in
the past (‘knew’) the backshifted tense will be past perfect (‘had known’).
Leech and Short (2007) expalined The effect that is produced
when is is used to report speech is one whereby the person who is
reporting the conversation intervenes as an interpreter between the
person he is talking to and the words of the person he is reporting,
instead of merely quoting verbatim the speech that occurred. What is
reported can thus become fully integrated into the narrative.

Methodology

First, the writer begins by finding out what is speech and thought.

Then the writer did a research about the speech and thought from 2

books. The first book is Stylistics A Resource Book for Students by Paul

Simpson (2004) and Style in Fiction : A Linguitics Introduction to English

Fictional Prose (2007) by Geoffrey Leech and Mick Short . and then the

writer did some analyze on literary work such as prose and collecting data

by putting it on the grafic.

Discussion
Analysis the speech and thought

It was told in chapter I that the script speech from Emma Watson used
some speech and thought model . The script will be analyzed to find the
characteristics of speech and thought by the graph below :

FDS

DS

FIS

IS
NRA

FIT

DT

FDT

1-10 11-12 13-21 22 23-26 27-28

Note :
 - FDS = Free Direct Speech
- DS = Direct Speech
- IS = Indirect Speech
- FIS = Free Indirect Speech
- FDT = Free Direct Thought
- DT = Direct Thought
- FIT = Free Indirect Thought
- IT = Indirect Thought
- NRA = Narrator Representation of Act

Script of speech :
Today we are launching a campaign called HeForShe. I am reaching out to
you because we need your help. We want to end gender inequality, and to do
this, we need everyone involved. This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN.
We want to try to mobilize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates
for change. And, we don’t just want to talk about it. We want to try and make
sure that it’s tangible.
I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women six months ago.
And, the more I spoke about feminism, the more I realized that fighting for
women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating. If there is
one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop.
For the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women
should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic
and social equality of the sexes.
I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I
was 8, I was confused for being called bossy because I wanted to direct the plays
that we would put on for our parents, but the boys were not. When at 14, I
started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at 15, my
girlfriends started dropping out of sports teams because they didn’t want to
appear muscly. When at 18, my male friends were unable to express their
feelings.
I decided that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But
my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular
word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists. Apparently, I’m among
the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive,
isolating, and anti-men. Unattractive, even.
Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I am from
Britain, and I think it is right I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think
it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is
right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will
affect my life. I think it is right that socially, I am afforded the same respect as
men.
But sadly, I can say that there is no one country in the world where all
women can expect to see these rights. No country in the world can yet say that
they achieved gender equality. These rights, I consider to be human rights, but I
am one of the lucky ones.
Emma Watson's Speech at the U.N.

From the graph above, it can be seen that the script of Emma Watson’s
speech used direct speech for 2 times. And the script dominant used the speech
model than a thought model. The writer thinks that the script rarely uses the
narrative report of speech or narrative report of thought. And the script also only
use indirect speech for 1 time.

The script of speech is different from the text of prose. The writer had analyzed
before about the model of speech and thought model in the text in prose. And it
had been found that prose often uses narrative speech for making the story. The
writer thinks that maybe the purpose of the text of prose is to tell the story.
That’s the reasons why the writer of prose often use narrative speech than
indirect or direct speech.

Conclusion

In conclusion, after did the analysis of this material about speech and
thought, it can be seen that in speech script, the writer of the scripts often used
direct speech for delivering her speech. And rarely used the narrative report of
speech or narrative report of thought. It is different from the text of prose that
writers of some prose often use the narrative report of speech or narrative
report of thought for delivering their story.

It's also difficult to distinguish between Direct speech with free direct
speech. In the script from speech, indirect speech is rarely to be found.
Especially, the script of speech that tells about the writer’s personality. It is often
found, a direct speech model.

References :

Simpson, Paul (2004). Stylistics A Resource Book for Students. New York:
Routledge.

Leech, G. and Short, M. (2007). Style in Fiction : A Linguitics Introduction to

English Fictional Prose. Harlow: Longman.