Intern Draft of All Part Fnal Update PDF

Undergraduate Internship
INTERNSHIP REPORT
On
POWER GENERATION, CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEM OF
GHORASHAL POWER STATION
Submitted by
Md Rasel (2014-3-80-016)
Md Arif Ur Rahman (2015-1-80-019)
Md Ashiqur Rahman (2015-1-80-026)
Submitted to the
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Sciences and Engineering
East West University
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Electrical and Electronic Engineering
(B.Sc. in EEE)
Fall, 2018
Approved by
_______________ ________________
Academic Advisor Department Chairperson
Sanaul Haque Dr. Mohammad Mojammel Al Hakim
Senior Lecturer, EEE Chairperson & Professor, EEE
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 1

Training Certificate



Authorization Letter
We hereby declare that, we are the sole author of this internship report. We authorize East West
University to allow other institutions or individuals using this internship report for the purpose of
industrial requirements and similar purposes. We further authorize East West University to
reproduce this internship report by photocopy or other means, in total or in part, at the request of
other institutions or individuals for the purpose of industrial requirements.
Md Rasel Md Arif Ur Rahman Md Ashiqur Rahman

SID: 2014-3-80-016 SID: 2015-1-80-019 SID: 2015-1-80-026

Acknowledgement
We are greatly thankful to the almighty Allah for giving us the opportunity to complete our
internship and prepare the internship report properly. This training would not be possible without
the direct and indirect help of several persons who made our internship easy and successful.
Firstly, we would like to thank the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) for giving us
permission to do our intern at Ghorashal power plant (GPS). We also thank the Ghorashal power
plant management and power station training center authority for providing us necessary facilities
to complete this training.
We would like to express our gratitude to our honorable Supervisor Sanaul Haque, Senior Lecturer,
EEE, East West University, Bangladesh, for giving us opportunity to prepare our internship report
under his supervision and providing us his assistance.
We are thankful to Dr. Mohammad Mojammel Al Hakim respectable Chairperson and Professor
of the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, East West University, Bangladesh, for
his help and support not only in academic purposes but also in real life.
Finally, we want to show gratitude all of our honorable teachers, friends and family for their
incentive and co-operation to all our whole academic life in EWU including completion of our
internship.

Executive Summary
Bangladesh is a developing country. Power sector is an important part for a developing country.
For industrial and economic development, the power sector should be given top priority. In modern
world, we cannot think a day without electricity. Our total installed electricity generation capacity
was 15,351 MW as of January 2017. Government has been implementing a master plan to generate
24,000 MW electricity by 2021, 40,000 MW by 2030 and 60,000 MW by 2041 under a long-term
plan. [17]
We did our intern at Ghorashal Power Station (GPS). Our training duration was of 15 days. GPS
plays a vital role in power generation being the second largest power generation station in
Bangladesh. The install capacity is 1315 MW which is separated by Thermal Power plant (950
MW) and Combined cycle power plant (365 MW).
Through our internship at GPS, we have achieved enormous information on requirement,

transmission and power importance. We got a good chance to relate our theoretical education with
the application in real life. We learned about the generation, transmission, distribution procedure,
generator rating, generator protection, different types of sub-station and also learned the procedure
of transferring the generated power from the power plant to the national grid. We have observed
the protection equipment and switchgear equipment of GPS. We have notice how to control and
maintain the particular units of power generation from control room. A lot of steps are needed to
complete the supply of the power to the grid. All these steps are described in our report.

Training Schedule
The training schedule of Ghorashal Power Station is given below.
Generation, Transmission & Engr. Abdullah Bin Aziz
Distribution 09am to 05pm SE, 3rd unit re-powering project, GPS
13.08.2018
(Monday) Thermal Diagram of 210MW Unit Engr. Md. Niaz Morshed
AE (Opn), 1-4 unit, GPS
Startup procedure of 210 MW steam Engr. Md. Delower Hossain Khaliffa
turbine power plant Manager (Opn), 5-6 unit, GPS
14.08.2018 Working principle of Boiler, its

auxiliaries and Boiler Mountings i.e. 09am to 05pm
(Tuesday) Engr. Khirod Mohan Bose
FD fan, ID fan, Economizer,
XEN, Boiler, 1-4 unit, GPS
Deaerator, Super Heater & Feed
Pump
Shout down procedure of 210 MW Engr. Md. Harun Or Rashid
steam turbine power plant AE, 3-4 unit, GPS
16.08.2018
(Wednesday) Transformer failure, their causes & 09am to 05pm
remedies. Effect of temperature, Engr. Md. Masud Rana
XEN, 5-6 unit, Sub-station, GPS
voltage & overload on Transformer
Chemical plant and its control, demi
water and its different stage, Different
Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim
types of measuring Instrument &
Chief Chemist, Lab, 1-4 unit, GPS
Production of cooling water
17.08.2018
Circuit Breaker, Isolator, Bus Bar and 09am to 05pm
(Thursday) Engr. Md. Abul Basher
Lightening arrestor, Grounding etc.
XEN, Sub-station, 1-4-6 unit, GPS
Feeder and their function
18.08.2018 HFO plant and impact of IPP in Engr. Md. Azizul Haque
(Friday) power sector. GM, Training, BPDB, Dhaka
Sustainable development Goals and 09am to 05pm
its impact in power sector
Switchgear & Protection of High
Voltage System. Single line diagram Engr. Md. Abu Baker Siddique
19.08.2018 of 230/132/33/0.4 kV Sub-station of Manager, Ghorashal 365 MW CCPP

GPS 09am to 05pm

(Saturday) Turbine rolling, synchronization,

load shearing, load reduction, Engr. Md. Aminul Haque
XEN, Turbine, 1-4 unit, GPS
emergency shutdown of turbine
Transmitter, controller, control loop,
control valve. Sequential logic
operation, sensing and measurement Engr. Dilip Kumer Biswas
of process variable. Protection & XEN, 5-6 Auto Control, GPS
20.08.2018
Inter-Locking system 09am to 05pm
(Sunday)
Synchronization system, condition,
generation-grid voltage relation,
Engr. Md. Delower Hossain Khaliffa
problem and solution of 210 MW unit
Manager (Opn), 5-6 unit, GPS
Different test procedure of Engr. Nur Mohammad Bhuyan
transformer and practical XEN, CERS, BPDB, Tongi
08.09.2018 demonstration at electrical lab

Transformer Oil function, its 09am to 05pm
(Saturday)
characteristics & limit value, Method Engr. Nur Mohammad Bhuyan
of Transformer Oil collection for XEN, CERS, BPDB, Tongi
testing & Oil Testing Procedure
Gas Turbine operation & Engr. Md. Nurul Amin
09.08.2018 maintenance Manager, Fenchuganj, Power Station
(Sunday) Combined cycle power plant, their 09am to 05pm Engr. Md. Nurul Amin
flow diagram and working principle Manager, Fenchuganj, Power Station
Basic principle of DCS and
10.09.2018 Networking, Different parts of DSC,
Engr. Md. Harun ar Rashid
(Monday) defect and fault checking through 09am to 05pm
XEN, ZERS, PDB, Tongi
DSC and taking corrective measures.
Instrumentation & control system of
Gas Turbine
Practical visit at 4th unit Re-powering Engr. Josim Uddin Khadem
11.09.2018 project, GPS 09am to 05pm XEN, 4th unit Re-powering project,
GPS
(Tuesday)
Practical visit at 365 MW CCPP, GPS Engr. Md. Rukanuzzaman
SED, Ghorashal 365 MW, CCPP

Different types of Thermometer,

Monometer, Pressure level, testing
calibration, Electric gate valve Engr. Md. Towhidur Rahman
Testing Adjustment, Trouble XEN, Measuring, 1-4 unit, GPS
shooting. Adjustment of flow meter
12.09.2018
and thermometer. 09am to 05pm
(Wednesday)
Generator, Exciter & Motors. Detail
discussion about Generator Engr. Zahurul Islam
Construction, Classification and Manager, 5-6 unit (Opn.), GPS
Insulation & Protection system
Different types of relay, their
functions and characteristics such as Engr. Monir Masrur Ahmed
13.09.2018 over current, earth fault, differential, XEN, Sub-station. 1-4 unit, GPS
Buchholz relay etc. 09am to 05pm
(Thursday)
Different types of protection system Engr. Md. Mahbubur Rahman
used in Boiler, Turbine, Generator Manager (main), 5-6 unit, GPS
Over all discussion on power plant Engr. Md. Enamul Haque
simulation DM, Operation, 1-2 unit, GPS
14.09.2018 Practical demonstration of Gas

Turbine Power Plant using Power 09am to 05pm Engr. Md. Jewel Hossain Serazi
(Friday)
Plant Simulator at Simulator lab in ACE, GPS
GTC
15.09.2018 Examination, Round Table Engr. Mohammad Ali Firoz
(Saturday) conference & Evaluation. 09am to 05pm Director (SE), GTC
XEN, BPDB, Dhaka

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ………………………………………………………………………...18
1.1 Objective of the Internship ………………………………………………………………....18
1.2 Company Profile …………………………………………………………………………...18
1.3 Mission and Vision ………………………………………………………………………...19
1.4 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………….....19
Chapter 2: Steam Turbine Power Plant ………………………………………………………...20

2.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………...20
2.2 Working Principle of Steam Turbine …………………………………………...………….20
2.3 Water Treatment Plant ……………………………………………………………………..21
2.4 Water Treatment Procedure………………………………………………………………...21
2.4.1 Clarifier ………………………………….……… ……………………………......21
2.4.2 Mechanical Filter...…………………………………………………………….…..22
2.4.3 Cation Exchanger……………………………………………………………….….22
2.4.4 Degasifier……………………………………………………………………….….23
2.4.5 Anion Exchanger…………………………………………………………………..23
2.4.6 Mixed Bed Exchanger……………………………………………………………...23
2.5 Boiler………………………………………………………………………………………..23
2.5.1 Main Components of Boiler………………………………………………………..23
a. Boiler Drum…………………………………………………………………….23
b. Furnace………………………………………………………………………….24
c. Burner…………………………………………………………………………...24
2.5.2 Boiler Auxiliaries…………………………………………………………………..24
a. Super Heater…………………………………………………………………….24
b. Economizer……………………………………………………………………..25
c. Regenerator Air Heater………………………………………………………....25
d. Forced Draft Fan………………………………………………………………..25
e. Induced Draft Fan………………………………………………………………26
f. Deaerator ………………………………………………………………………27
g. Condense ……………………………………………………………………....27
2.5.3 Boiler Protection…………………………………………………………………...27
a. Gas Control……………………………………………………………………..27
b. Temperature Control………………………………………………………........27
c. Lube Oil Flow Control………………………………………………………….27
d. Air Pressure Control…………………………………………………………….28
e. Drum Level Feed Water Control………………………………………………..28
2.6 Steam Turbine………………………………………………………………………………28
2.6.1 Classification of a Steam Turbine………………………………………………….28
a. High Pressure Turbine…………………………………………………………..28
b. Intermediate Pressure Turbine………………………………………………….29
c. Low Pressure Turbine…………………………………………………………..29
2.6.2 Auxiliary Equipment of Turbine…………………………………………………...30
a. Governor………………………………………………………………………..30
b. Turbine Bearings………………………………………………………………..30
c. Condenser……………………………………………………………………….31
d. Nozzle………………………………………………………………………..…31
2.6.3 Turbine Protection…………………………………………………………………31
a. Speed Protection………………………………………………………………...31
b. Thrust Protection………………………………………………………………..31
c. Axial shift Protection…………………………………………………………...31
d. Lubrication oil Protection………………………………………………………31
e. High vibration protection……………………………………………………….32
2.7 Generator……………………………………………………………………………………33
2.7.1 Generator Rating…………………………………………………………………...34
2.7.2 Major Components of Generator…………………………………………………..34
a. Stator……………………………………………………………………………34
b. Rotor…………………………………………………………………………….35
c. Slip Ring………………………………………………………………………...35
d. Carbon Brush…………………………………………………………………...36
e. Armature Winding……………………………………………………………...36
2.7.3 Excitation of Generator…………………………………………………………….36
a. Initial Excitation………………………………………………………………...36
b. Excitation During Operation……………………………………………………36
2.7.4 Generator Protection……………………………………………………………….37
a. Phase to Phase Fault Protection………………………………………………...37
b. Phase to Earth Fault Protection…………………………………………………38
c. Over Voltage Protection………………………………………………………...38
d. Over Current Protection………………………………………………………...38
e. Frequency Protection…………………………………………………………...38
f. Temperature Protection…………………………………………………………39
g. Reverse Power Protection………………………………………………………39
2.7.5 Cooling System of Generator………………………………………………………39
a. Water Cooling…………………………………………………………………..39
b. Hydrogen Cooling………………………………………………………………40
Chapter 3: combined cycle power plant……………………………………………………..41

3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………41
3.2 Fuel for CCPP………………………………………………………………………………41
3.3 Working principle of Combine Cycle Power Plant…………………………………………41
3.4 Section of Combined Cycle Power Plant…………………………………………………...42
3.4.1 Compressor………………………………………………………………………...42
3.4.2 Combustion Chamber……………………………………………………………...42
3.4.3 Diesel Engine………………………………………………………………………42
3.4.4 Gas Turbine………………………………………………………………………...43
3.4.5 Alternator…………………………………………………………………………..43
3.4.6 Exhaust Module……………………………………………………………………43
3.4.7 Torque Converter…………………………………………………………………..44
3.4.8 Intercooler………………………………………………………………………….44
3.4.9 Regenerator………………………………………………………………………...44
3.4.10 Air Inter Filter……………………………………………………………………...44
3.5 Heater Recovery Steam Generator………………………………………………………….45
3.6 Steam Turbine………………………………………………………………………………45

3.7 Efficiency of CCPP…………………………………………………………………………46
Chapter 4: Sub-station of GPS……………………………………………………………….47

4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………47
4.2 Transformer…………………………………………………………………………………48
4.2.1 Instrument Transformer……………………………………………………………48
a. Current Transformer (CT)………………………………………………………48
b. Potential or Voltage Transformer (PT)…………………………………………49
4.2.2 Auxiliary Transformer……………………………………………………………..50
4.2.3 Power Transformer………………………………………………………………...50
4.2.4 Coupling Transformer……………………………………………………………...51
4.3 Cooling System of Transformer…………………………………………………………….51
a. ONAF Cooling System…………………………………………………………51
b. OFAF Cooling System………………………………………………………….52
4.4 Silica Gel Breather………………………………………………………………………….52
4.5 Transformer Tap Changer…………………………………………………………………..53
4.6 Megger Test………………………………………………………………………………...53
4.7 Bay………………………………………………………………………………………….53
4.8 Protection System of Sub-station…………………………………………………………...54
4.8.1 Relay……………………………………………………………………………….54
a. Differential Relay Protection…………………………………………………...54
b. Buchholz Relay Protection……………………………………………………...54
c. Distance Relay Protection………………………………………………………55
4.8.2 Circuit Breaker……………………………………………………………………..55
a. Oil Circuit Breaker……………………………………………………………...55
b. SF6 Circuit Breaker……………………………………………………………..55
c. Air Blast Circuit Breaker……………………………………………………….56
4.8.3 Insulator……………………………………………………………………………57
4.8.4 Isolator……………………………………………………………………………..57
4.8.5 Lighting Arrester…………………………………………………………………...58

4.8.6 Feeder………………………………………………………………………………58
4.8.7 Earthing Switch…………………………………………………………………….58
4.9 Transmission Equipment……………………………………………………………………59
4.9.1 Bus Bar……………………………………………………………………………..59
a. Single Bus bar System………………………………………………………….59
b. Double Bus bar System…………………………………………………………59
4.9.2 Wave Trapper………………………………………………………………………60
4.9.3 Transmission System………………………………………………………………60
Chapter 5: Control Room ……………………………………………………………………61

5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………61
5.2 Control Room of Steam Turbine Power Plant……………………………………………...61
5.2.1 Boiler desk…………………………………………………………………………61
5.2.2 Turbine desk……………………………………………………………………….61
5.2.3 Generator desk……………………………………………………………………..62
5.3 Control Room of Combined Cycle Power Plant……………………………………………62
Chapter 6: Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...63
6.1 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………..63
6.2 Limitations………………………………………………………………………………….63
6.3 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………..63
Reference………………………………………………………………………………………64
Appendix……………………………………………………………………………………….65

Figure list
Figure 2.1: Working principle of Steam Turbine Power Plant at GPS…………………………20
Figure 2.2: Block diagram of water treatment process…………………………………………21
Figure 2.3: Clarifier of GPS…………………………………………………………………….22
Figure 2.4: Physical view of Resin……………………………………………………………..22
Figure 2.5: The furnace of unit-3 at GPS………………………………………………………24
Figure 2.6: Economizer…………………………………………………………………………25
Figure 2.7: Forced Draught Fan………………………………………………………………...26
Figure 2.8: Induced Draught Fan……………………………………………………………….26
Figure 2.9: High Pressure Turbine……………………………………………………………...29
Figure 2.10: Intermediate Pressure Turbine…………………………………………………….29
Figure 2.11: Low Pressure Turbine……………………………………………………………..30
Figure 2.12: Turbine Bearings………………………………………………………………….30
Figure 2.13: Lube oil……………………………………………………………………………33
Figure 2.14: Generator at GPS………………………………………………………………….33
Figure 2.15: The stator of unit-6 at GPS………………………………………………………..34
Figure 2.16: The rotor of unit-6 at GPS………………………………………………………...35
Figure 2.17: Carbon brush and slip ring chamber (Unit-4)……………………………………..35
Figure 2.18: Differential protection scheme for stator protection………………………………37
Figure 2.19: Water Cooling System…………………………………………………………….40
Figure 3.1: Working Principle of Combine Cycle Power Plant………………………………...41

Figure 3.2: Diesel Engine……………………………………………………………………….43
Figure 3.3: Exhaust module…………………………………………………………………….44
Figure 3.4: Air Intake filter……………………………………………………………………..45
Figure 3.5: Heater Recovery Steam Generator…………………………………………………45
Figure 4.1: Single line diagram of unit-5 at GPS sub-station…………………………………..47

Figure 4.2: Transformer at GPS………………………………………………………………...48

Figure 4.3: Current Transformer at GPS………………………………………………………..49
Figure 4.4: Potential Transformer at GPS………………………………………………………49
Figure 4.5: Auxiliary Transformer at GPS……………………………………………………...50
Figure 4.6: Power Transformer at GPS…………………………………………………………51
Figure 4.7: Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF) cooling system…………………………………...52
Figure 4.8: Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF) cooling system…………………………………….52
Figure 4.9: Silica gel breather at GPS…………………………………………………………..53
Figure 4.10: A tap changer of distribution transformer at GPS………………………………...53
Figure 4.11: SF6 Circuit Breaker of GPS……………………………………………………….56
Figure 4.12: Air Blast Circuit Breaker at GPS………………………………………………….56
Figure 4.13: Insulator at GPS…………………………………………………………………...57
Figure 4.14: Isolator at GPS…………………………………………………………………….57
Figure 4.15: Lightning Arrester at GPS………………………………………………………...58
Figure 4.16: Bus Bar at GPS……………………………………………………………………59
Figure 4.17: Wave Trapper at GPS……………………………………………………………..60
Figure 5.1: Boiler desk of unit-3 at GPS………………………………………………………..61

Figure 5.2: Turbine desk of unit-3 at GPS……………………………………………………...62
Figure 5.3: Generator desk of unit-3 at GPS……………………………………………………62
Table list
Table 1.1: Production Capacity of All Units at GPS…………………………………………...18
Table1.2: Project at a Glance…………………………………………………………………...19
Table 2.1: Rating of Generator………………………………………………………………….34

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Objective of Internship
The objective of internship is to fulfil our academic requirement and to relate practical knowledge
to theoretical knowledge. To do that we have chosen Ghorashal power station(GPS), one of the
biggest power stations in Bangladesh to gather our practical knowledge on transmission,
generation and distribution process in a power station as well as to get ourselves acquainted to the
working environment of a power station. We also got introduced to the technical knowledge of
substation, instrumentation and control section.
1.2 Company Profile
Ghorashal Power Station (GPS) is the second largest power station in Bangladesh. It has started
its operation in 1974. The Ghorashal power station is a thermal power plant which is on the bank
of Shitalakshya River at Palash, Narshingdi. It has the generation capacity of 1315 MW which is
generated by seven units. Among these units, six units are steam turbine plants and rest is a
combination of gas and steam which is also known as Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP). The
installed capacity of steam turbine units and combined cycle unit are respectively 950 MW and
365 MW. Generated voltage of unit 1 and 2 is 10.5 kV with the capacity of 55 MW each. For unit
3, 4, 5 and 6 the generated voltage is 15.75 kV with the capacity of 210 MW each and for unit 7
the generated voltage is 20 kV with the capacity of 365 MW. This generated voltage is increased
by step up transformer for transmission. The Table 1.1 shows the production capacity of all units
at GPS.
Table 1.1: Production Capacity of All Units at GPS

Unit no Installed Capacity (MW) Current Condition
Unit-1 55 Running
Unit-2 55 Running
Unit-3 210 Running
Unit-4 210 Under maintenance
Unit-5 210 Running
Unit-6 210 Processing for Re-power
Unit-7 365 Running

1.3 Mission and Vision
The mission of Ghorashal Power Station is to deliver quality electricity at reasonable price with
excellent professional service. The vision of Ghorashal power plant is to increase power generation
capacity within 2021 with the help of re-powering project of unit-4 [2].GPS installed generation
capacity is 1315 MW. A plan has been taken to increase the total established generation capacity.
In order to achieve this target, GPS has decided to set up a new power plant project named
‘Bangladesh Ghorashal Unit 4 Repowering Project’.
Table1.2: Project at a Glance
Project P128012
Country Bangladesh
Region South Asia
Status Active
Approval Date( As a board of presentation) December 21, 2015
Closing Date March 31, 2022
Total Project Cost US$ 263.00 million
Commitment account US$ 217.00 million
Team Leader Mohammad Anis
1.4 Scope
This internship is based on the knowledge we gathered during the training period. We have
experienced and reviewed the basic power generating process of Ghorashal Power Station. We
mainly emphasized on the generation, transmission and distribution process, protection scheme,
maintenances and control system of Ghorashal Power Station.

Chapter 2: Steam Turbine Power Plant

2.1 Introduction
Ghorashal Power Station is the second largest power station in Bangladesh. GPS has install
capacity of 1315 MW and it has 7 units, 2 units with 55 MW capacity each and 4 units with 210
MW capacities each, all those units are steam turbine power plants and 1 unit of combine cycle.
In this power station, natural gas (CH4) is used as fuel from Titas Gas Transmission and
Distribution Company. Steam is used to rotate the turbine therefore it is known as steam turbine
power plant.
2.2 Working Principle of Steam Turbine Power Plant
At first water is collected from Shitalakshya River and sent it to the water treatment plant. The raw
water passes through several processes to produce de-mineralized (demi) water. Demi water is
highly purified for generating steam. Then the water is taken to the boiler using pump. At GPS
water tube boiler uses natural gases in the presence of air. Steam is taken from the boiler to the
super heater. Super heaters increase steam temperature. After super heater steam enters into high
pressure turbine (HPT) and completing all stages of HPT the steam temperature and pressure fall.
This steam enters into re-heater to gain temperature. From the re-heater Steam goes to the IPT.
After IPT, steam enters the LPT. The flow of steam is continuous. From LPT steam goes to
condenser.
Figure 2.1: Working principle of Steam Turbine Power Plant at GPS [18]

2.3 Water Treatment Plant
Water is needed for production of steam and cooling purpose. Steam is used as the main fluid to
rotate the steam turbine. Huge amount of water is needed for running the power plant. The main
source of water is the river water of Shitalakshya. Water of the river contains many minerals and
suspended substances and it is harmful for the boiler and turbine. On the other hand, the natural
water or mineral water has bad effect of “Scale Decomposition” which can block the pipeline of
water of the boiler. The impure water is purified through some chemical steps and stored in a tank.
The purified water is called “Demi-water or Demineralized water”. The quality of demi-water is
maintained very carefully.
2.4 Water Treatment Procedure
GPS mainly follows these steps to produce mineral free water which is demi water. The block
diagram of water treatment process is shown in Figure 2.2.
Raw Water Coagulated Mechanical Cation 1st

CW Pamp Clarifier
Pamp Tank Filter Stage Filter
Anion Anion
Mixed Bed Cation 2nd
Demi Tank 2nd Stage De gasifier 1st Stage
Filter Stage Filter
Filter Filter
Figure 2.2: Block diagram of water treatment process
2.4.1 Clarifier
It is used to remove the suspended matter from the mineral water. In clarifier, the chemical process
is done to remove the suspended matter. This chemical process is called coagulation. By using
clarification, 70% of un-dissolved solid from water is removed. Raw water is mixed with
Aluminum Sulphate (Al2SO4). The sludge is deposited in a tank. The chemical reaction is
Al2SO4+6H2O (clay) →2Al(OH)3 (sludge)+3H2SO4

Figure 2.3: Clarifier of GPS
2.4.2 Mechanical Filter
It is used to filter the coagulated water. It contains anthracite or sandstone to filter the water. When
coagulated water passes through the filter then all the floating particles are absorbed by the
sandstone. After mechanical filtering this water is known as filtered water.
2.4.3 Cation Exchanger
Filtered water contains many mineral ions like Na+, Ca++, Mg++, Fe3+, and Al3+ etc. So it is required
to remove ions. The cation exchanger contains cation resin, the cation resin which is an organic
substance capable of exchanging ion. Here cation resin catches these cations by the reaction given
below.
R-H + NaCl →R-Na+ HCl
Figure 2.4: Physical view of Resin

2.4.4 Degasifier
The degasifier is a device where a gaseous substance, especially carbon dioxide is removed
chemically. The chemical reaction in the degasefier is given below:
H2CO3→ H2O + CO2
2.4.5 Anion Exchanger
Carbon dioxide (CO2) free water is treated in anion exchanger resin column. The anion exchanger
contains anion resin. It consists of polymeric cation with active anions. Here the anion resin catches
all the anions like SO42-, NO3-, Cl- in water from the reaction given below.
The reaction of resins
R-OH + HCl →R-Cl + H2O
After this process the water is known as semi de-mineralized water. This water is used for cooling
and for the production of de-mineralized water.
2.4.6 Mixed Bed Exchanger
Semi de-mineralized water passes through the mixed bed exchanger. Mixed bed exchanger
contains cation and anion resin mixture which absorb the ions. After this process, the water is
called De-mineralized water. This water is used for boiler feeding.
2.5 Boiler
The main purpose of the boiler section is to produce good quality steam which rotates the turbine
blades. There are six boilers at GPS and all boilers are water tube boiler.
2.5.1 Main Components of Boiler
The components of boiler are used for producing and delivering steam safely to the desired
location. These components also maintain the desired pressure, temperature and quality. The main
components of boiler are given below.
a. Boiler Drum
Boiler drum is one of the most important components of boiler. It is a horizontal drum and the
water comes from water treatment plant.

b. Furnace
Furnace is a chamber which is situated inside the boiler. In a furnace chamber, heat is necessary
to generate steam and the heat is generated by a combustion. At GPS, every boiler has its own
furnace chamber. Draft fan is used to supply the air into the furnace.
Figure 2.5: The furnace of unit-3 at GPS
c. Burner
Burner is the chamber in the boiler where natural gas or coal is burnt in the presence of air for
producing heated gas or flue gas. In steam turbine power plant of GPS each furnace has 12 burners.
The temperature inside the furnace chamber is 1200-1500°C.
2.5.2 Boiler Auxiliaries
Some of the auxiliaries which are installed in steam boiler are given below.
a. Super Heaters
Super heater is an essential part of boiler. Super heaters are placed in the path of hot flue gas from
the furnace. Hot flue gas makes the steam heated inside the super heaters, before entering the High
Pressure Cylinder (HPC). So the efficiency of the system is increased. In GPS, the super heaters
increase steam temperature from 3500C to 5400C.

b. Economizer
An economizer is a mechanical device which is used as a heat exchanger by preheating a fluid to

reduce energy consumption. Function of economizer is to recover some of the heat which is carried
away by the exhaust flue gas. The recovered heat is utilized to raise the temperature of feed water.
Then the feed water at raised temperature is supplied to the boiler. If the feed water at raised
temperature is supplied to the boiler, it needs to provide less heat to convert the water into steam.
Recovery heat from flue gas raises feed water temperature up to 345°C. Economizer is used to
save the consumption of fuel.
Figure 2.6: Economizer
c. Regenerative Air Heater (RAH)
Regenerative air heater captures the heat of boiler exhaust gas as it is made of heat-absorbing
metallic elements. Air from the Forced Draught (FD) fan is passed through the RAH and inside
the RAH, there are pipes containing flue gas. So air becomes hot and flue gas releases heat when
air comes in contact with the pipes of flue gas. The captured heat is released into the cooler air and
this air is entered to the furnace.
d. Forced Draught Fan (FD fan)
The main function of FD fan is to create positive pressure. It is installed near or at the base of the
boiler to supply air to the boiler furnace chamber and force the flue gas to pass through the super

heaters, re-heater and economizer. It also sucks the air and delivers it to the combustion chamber.
The fan motor rotates at 600 rpm up to 750 rpm.
Figure 2.7: Forced Draught Fan
e. Induced Draught Fan (ID fan)
The main function of ID fan is to create negative pressure. It is installed near or at the base of the
chimney to suck hot gas from boiler side and discharge to the atmosphere. The rotating speed of
ID fan is 595 rpm to 744 rpm.
Figure 2.8: Induced Draught Fan

f. Deaerator
Deaerator is a device which is used to remove air and other dissolved gases from the feed water.
The metal piping and other metallic equipment get damaged because of the dissolved oxygen in
the boiler feed water. Deaerator increases the efficiency and optimum thermodynamic utilization.
So it is used at GPS to keep the equipment safe.
g. Condenser
Condenser is a mechanical device which converts the steam into water. A condenser is a part of
steam generator where exhaust steam is condensed and converted into water. Condenser creates a
very low pressure at the exhaust of turbine, which permits expansion of the steam in the prime
mover to a very low pressure.
2.5.3 Boiler Protection System
Boilers need some protection to keep the system running. The protection system is given below.
a. Gas Control
The source of gas is Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited Bangladesh.
Normal pressure of gas is 6 kgf-cm-2 (kilogram-force per square cm). But the pressure of natural
gas can be reduced from 6 kgf-cm-2 to 0.9 kgf-cm-2 before entering into the burner. The mixture
of gas and air are burned into the boiler to produce heat.
b. Temperature Control
In GPS, platinum material is used as resistance. It is used for accuracy and long-term stability.
Normally temperature of the super-heated steam inside the super heater is about 550°C. If main
steam temperature is above 565°C or below 450°C, the resistance temperature detector sensor
passes a signal to the control room.
c. Lube Oil Flow Control
Lube oil pump is a one kind of pump which controls the flow of lube oil. The lube oil pump needs
to operate over a wide range of temperature and liquid viscose conditions. The regulation system
does not work if the lube oil temperature is below 17°C.

d. Air Pressure Control
At GPS, furnace pressure is controlled by force draught (FD) and induced draught (ID) fans. FD
fan is a fan or blower that is installed near boiler to supply air to the boiler furnace and maintain
1.6 kgf-cm2 positive pressures. ID fan is a fan which is located near the base of chimney. In GPS,
it is used to suck hot gases from the boiler side and maintain 0.9 kgf-cm2 negative pressure from
the furnace to the outlet of the ID fan.
e. Drum Level Feed Water Control
Drum contains both water and steam. From drum, water goes to furnace through water tube and
absorbs heat and turns into steam. The steam goes to drum as saturated steam. The minimum level
of drum is -160 mm and the maximum level of drum is +200mm.
2.6 Steam Turbine
In GPS, steam is used to move turbine so it is a steam turbine power plant. Steam turbine is the
device which is used to convert thermal energy to mechanical energy. The turbine mainly consists
of multiple stages of rotor and blades. The steam expands from high pressure to lower pressure in
blades and this steam applies force across these blades, for that turbine rotor start rotating. So the
thermal energy transforms into mechanical energy which is eventually converted to electrical
energy.
2.6.1 Classification of a Steam Turbine
There are three sections of a steam turbine. They are different from each other. These are
a. High Pressure Turbine
From super heater steam with 130 kg/cm2 pressure and 540oC temperature enters into the high-
pressure turbine. High-pressure turbine has twelve stages with moving and fixed blades. After
completing twelve stages of HPT, the steam temperature falls to 336oC and pressure falls to 28.4
kg/cm2. This steam enters into re-heater to gain heat once again and leave re-heater with 540oC.
But the pressure remains almost same (25 kg/cm2). High pressure turbine rotor of unit-4 at GPS is
shown in Figure 2.9.

Figure 2.9: High Pressure Turbine
b. Intermediate Pressure Turbine
From the re-heater Steam goes to the IPT at 25 kg/cm2 pressure and 5400C temperature. This
turbine has eleven stages. After completing these eleven stages steam loses most of the energy and
enters LPT at 1.34 kg/cm2 pressure. Intermediate pressure turbine rotor of unit-4 at GPS is shown
in Figure 2.10.
Figure 2.10: Intermediate Pressure Turbine
c. Low Pressure Turbine
Steam enters LPT at 1710C temperature and 1.34 kg/cm2 pressure. LPC blades are larger than the
previous two sections but the energy of steam is less here compared to other two sections. This
section is divided into two parts. One part has three stages and the other part has four stages. Low
pressure cylinder of unit-4 at GPS is shown in Figure 2.11.

Figure 2.11: Low Pressure Turbine
2.6.2 Auxiliary Equipment of Turbine
a. Governor
Governor is a very important component of turbine. Governor helps to control the rotating speed
of turbine. It controls the flow and speed of steam according to load requirement. When steam
turbine speed is increased on low load condition steam turbine governor decreases the quantity of
the steam going inside the turbine.
b. Turbine Bearings
Two types of bearings are used in GPS: Journal bearing and Thrust bearing. The main purpose of
journal bearing is to hold the turbine during operation and to provide smooth rotation. In GPS,
there are six journal bearings. The thrust bearing is located on the main shaft of the turbine. In
GPS, thrust bearing is provided to overcome the vibration and thrust created by the pressure of the
steam on the turbine blades. In GPS there is only one thrust bearing between HPC and LPC.
Figure 2.12: Turbine Bearings

c. Condenser
Water from the Shitalakshya river flows inside the condenser tubes and the steam from the LPC is
flowed through the condenser, touching the condenser tubes. Therefore, the steam temperature
decreases and the condenser water temperature rises up to almost 450C after heat exchange.
d. Nozzle
High pressure and low velocity steam enter into the nozzle. Depending on the load, some nozzles
are made active and some nozzles are closed. Velocity of the steam increases and pressure
decreases after the steam has passed the nozzles.
2.6.3 Turbine Protection
Proper protection is needed to secure turbine operation. To protect the turbine from being damaged
several protection schemes are used.
a. Speed Protection
The turbine speed increases when load decreases. Therefore, nozzle governor and throttle governor
is provided to control the shaft speed.
b. Thrust Protection
Thrust bearing is provided between HPC and IPC. This bearing prevents the effect of axial thrust
and keeps the turbine in position.
c. Axial Shift Protection
Terrible accidents can occur if the frame of the thrust bearing is melted or damaged then the shaft
can move either toward the generator or toward the governor. In GPS, if the shaft is moved 1.2
mm toward the generator or 1.7 mm toward the governor, then the system is automatically shut
down
d. Lubrication Oil Protection
In GPS, the lube oil pressure is always kept below 0.3 kg/cm2. The turbines are supplied oil at a
pressure of 1.4 kg/cm2 to 2.11 kg/cm2. The oil pressure is measured using pressure gage in the oil
inlet tube. The main oil pump supplies oil. If the oil pressure is decreased then required amount of
oil will not be carried to turbines. For continuous flow of lube oil, a stand by pump and an
emergency oil pump is used.
e. High Vibration Protection
Vibration is very harmful for machinery equipment. At GPS, the allowable vibration rate is 1.2
mm/s. Vibration recorders are set to drive an alarm in the control room when excess vibration high
occurred in the turbine. This alarm alerts the control operator to take proper action during vibration
condition. There are several vibration protection systems that are provided with contacts. During
excessive vibration condition, a solenoid trip is activated by these contacts.
2.7 Pump used in STPP
a. Circulating Water Pump
Ghorashal power station uses both open and close system of water flow. There are two pump
houses, one is used as open system when water is available from Shitalakshya River and another
one is used as close system during dry season. There are 4 MW pumps used to flow water into
condenser.
b. Feed Water Pump
In Ghorashal Power Station there are two feed pumps in each of boiler. Feed water pump is used
for supplying demi water to boiler drum.
c. Lubrication Oil Pump
Lube oil pump is used for supplying lube oil. In GPS, lube oil is used for the purpose of cooling
and lubrication of turbine and generator bearing. It acts as a cleaning agent. If lube oil temperature
is over 60ºC or under 40ºC it passes a signal and the alarm alerts the operator about the situation.
The regulation system does not work if lube oil temperature is below 17ºC. So lube oil temperature
is very important to get good performance of turbine. The lube oil pipe of GPS turbine is shown
in Figure 2.13.

Figure 2.13: Lube oil
2.8 Generator
The most important element in power generation process is Generator which converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy. At GPS synchronous generators are used which consists of a
stationary armature winding and rotating field winding. In a synchronous generator, a dc current
is applied to the rotor winding to produce a magnetic field. In GPS generators of all the units are
coupled with the shaft connected with the turbine. The rotor of the generator is rotated by a prime
mover producing a rotating magnetic field which induces a 3-phase AC voltage in the armature
winding of the generator. The generator is a live part of the unit and the generator directly supplies
the generated power to the power transformer.
Figure 2.14: Generator at GPS

2.8.1 Generator Rating
There are two types of generator at GPS. These are 55 MW generators and 210 MW generators.
Unit 1 and 2 have 55 MW generators and unit 3,4,5,6 have 210 MW generators. The ratings of
these generators are given in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1: Rating of Generator
Specification 210MW Generator 55MW Generator
Model TGB-200MT3 TB-06-2
Output Power 210 MW 55 MW
Pole 2 2
Phase 3 3
Terminal voltage 15.75 kV 10.5 kV
Stator current 9060 A 3780 A
Rotor excitation current (DC) 1950 A 1445 A
Frequency 50 Hz 50 Hz
2.8.2 Major Components of Generator
The major components of generator are given below:
a. Stator
The stator is the important element of a generator which is the armature of generator. It is the
stationary part where the rotating magnetic field converts to induce voltage. When the magnetic
field of the rotor cuts the stator windings, an EMF (Electromotive Force) is produced in the stator
windings. In GPS, the stator has 30 slots and each slot has 2 windings. The stator windings are
designed in such a way that each phase has 20 windings.
Figure 2.15: The stator of unit-6 at GPS

b. Rotor
Rotor is the rotating part of generator and it is situated inside the stator. Rotor is coupled with the
turbine and works as the prime mover of rotor. DC excitation is provided in the rotor for generating
an electric current in the rotor windings. In GPS, the rotor has two poles and it rotates at 3000 rpm.
Figure 2.16: The rotor of unit-6 at GPS

c. Slip ring
Slip-ring provides an electrical connection to the rotor windings and provides a continuous
electrical power through brushes to the generator rotor. The brush holder gear is fitted on slip-rings
and slip-ring are fitted on to rotor shaft. It is insulated from the shaft. Slip rings improve
mechanical performance and simplify system operation. In GPS, there has two slip-rings.
Figure 2.17: Carbon brush and slip ring chamber (Unit-4)

d. Carbon Brush
Carbon brush remains in contact with the slip ring and provides power to the rotor of the generator
from external DC source for field excitation. The carbon brushes are also fitted with springs, so
that when brushes go down by friction over time, carbon brushes will still remain in contact with
the slip rings. In GPS, there are total 208 carbon brushes. 104 carbon brushes are connected to
positive terminal and 104 brushes for connected to negative terminal of supply.
e. Armature Winding
Armature winding is a part of a stator. It is the main current-carrying winding in which the
electromotive force is induced. Current in the armature winding is called armature current.
2.8.3 Excitation of Generator
Excitation is the process by which magnetic field is created in the rotor winding. Carbon brush and
slip rings are used to supply the DC voltage during rolling. All the six units of GPS use DC
excitation system and DC power is used for that. For large generators, high amount of DC power
is needed. This excitation process has two parts,
a. Initial Excitation
b. Excitation During Operation
a. Initial Excitation
Initially the generator is excited by providing DC power supply from battery, when the generator
is not synchronized with the grid. In GPS, a number of electrolytic cells are connected in series
and used as a battery bank. This battery bank is placed in the substation.
b. Excitation During Operation
When the generator is synchronized with the grid, the battery is disconnected by a circuit breaker
and dc excitation is given from the grid line. For this purpose GPS uses AC power from the grid,
which is stepped down by a rectifier transformer and the secondary winding of the rectifier
transformer is connected to a thyristor. This thyristor converts the AC power to DC power and
supplies DC power to the rotor through slip-rings. Voltage regulator is used to control the dc
excitation current. The output voltage of the generator is controlled by controlling the excitation

current. The battery is disconnected automatically after few seconds of generator synchronization
with the grid. In GPS, from 15.75 KV line, voltage is stepped down to 580 V by the rectifier
transformer and the thyristor converts the AC current to DC current and This DC voltage is
supplied to the rotor winding.
2.8.4 Generator Protection
Generator is the most expensive and important part of the power plant. Various types of electrical
and mechanical faults can affect the performance and reduce the longevity of the generator. So,
for safe and long lasting operation, it is necessary to take adequate protection for generator. Due
to the failure of 230 kV breaker, generator of unit-6 at GSP was damaged and the blades of low
pressure turbine were bend in 2010 which is observed in practical visit.
a. Phase to Phase Fault Protection.
Due to insulation breakdown of stator windings, the phases of the stator come in contract and the
generator damage by flowing a huge current through the stator. Depending on circulating current
principle, differential protection system like differential relay is used between the phases of the
stator to protect the generator. In this protection system, current is measured at the two end of
differential relay and compared them. If there has difference of current at the two end, then this
difference current will flow through relay operating coil. Then the relay closes its contract and
isolates the faulty section by making the circuit breaker to trip.
Figure 2.18: Differential protection scheme for stator protection [11]

b. Phase to Earth Fault Protection
This fault occurs, when any phase of the stator meet the ground or body of the generator. To detect
this fault differential protection like inverse time relay is provided. A current transformer (CT) is
connected in the neutral to earth connection. When the generator is connected directly to the bus
bar, an inverse time relay is used across the CT secondary.
c. Over Voltage Protection
Over voltage occurs because of the increase in the speed of the prime mover due to sudden loss in
the load on the generator. The over voltage protection is provided by two over voltage relays have
two units – one is the instantaneous relays which is set to pick up at 130 to 150% of the rated
voltage and another unit is IDMT (Inverse Definite Minimum Time) relay which is set to pick up
at 110% of rated voltage. Due to controlling the speed variation with very sensitively, over voltage
does not occur in turbo generator. But in Hydro generator and Gas generator, over voltage
protection is needed to protect the generator.
d. Over Current Protection
In a system more than one generators supply the load and if for any reason one or more generators
suddenly trip, other generators try to supply the load. Each of these generators will experience a
sudden increase in current and thus decrease in voltage. At GPS, automatic voltage regulator is
connected to the system which tries to restore the voltage. Under voltage relay is also used for the
under-voltage protection. Over current relay is used for over current protection.
e. Frequency Protection
Frequency is a major parameter in power generation. The generator operates at a certain range of
frequency. In GSP, the generator frequency range is 50±2 Hz. If the generator operates over or
under this limit, then vibration occurs in the generator which can damage the rotor. This fault
occurs because of sudden load change in the grid. Due to over loading in national grid, under
frequency fault is occurred. In GPS, under frequency relay is used to detect under frequency
condition which activates under 48 Hz. Due to increasing the speed of prime mover over generator
speed, then frequency of generated voltage also be increased. If the frequency of generated voltage

is increased 52 Hz, then over frequency relay will activate and trip the circuit breaker of the
generator.
f. Temperature Protection
Stator overheating protection is required to protect the generator from overheating. Stator is over
heated, due to the overloads and also failure in cooling system. Due to the short circuiting of the
lamination, it is very difficult to detect the overheating before serious damage is occurred to the
stator. To detect thermal overloading temperature detectors like embedded resistance temperature
detector or thermocouples are used in different points of generator, especially near the bearings.
In GPS, thermocouple is used to detect temperature rise. A relay triggers an alarm on if the
temperature is very high.
g. Reverse Power Protection
The generator is driven by the prime mover (engine or turbine) and supplies power to the grid
directly. In generation mode, the prime mover maintains enough torque to control the generator.
If the prime mover fails to maintain torque or the prime mover is stopped but generator is
connected to grid, then reverse power will flow to generator from grid and the generator shifts
from generating mode to motoring mode. This type of problem occurred in GPS at unit 6. In GPS,
reverse power relay and unit circuit breaker are used between transformer and the generator to
detect reverse power flow.
2.8.5 Cooling System of Generator
Generator cooling is very necessary for safe operation. Due to rotation and dc current supply, rotor
is heated. Stator is the conducting part of generator and due to continuous flow of electricity stator
is heated. High heat affects the performance and lifetime of the generator. To reduce the effect,
two types of cooling system are used in GPS.
a. Water Cooling System
In GPS, De-mineralized Water is used for cooling the stator of generator because of its
increased resistivity greater than the mineral water. Water carrying hollow pipes are passed
through the stator windings and water is supplied through these tubes by a pump. When the
water is circulating, then the hot part of the stator comes in contract with water and water
absorbs heat and finally sent to the cooling chamber. This heat exchanging process is
continuously doing by a motor.
Figure 2.19: Water Cooling System
b. Hydrogen Cooling System
In GPS, hydrogen (H2 ) is used for cooling the rotor of the generator because it has a light weight
and is easy to pass during rolling the rotor. Due to high dielectric property of H2 it absorbs high
amount of heat. For this cooling system, a fan is used to circulate the flow of H2 . H2 is injected in
the air gap between stator and rotor.

Chapter 3: Combined Cycle Power Plant

3.1 Introduction
The 7th unit of Ghorashal power station is combined cycle power plant (CCPP) that has started for
commercial operation of supplying electricity to the national grid. The project was one of the 14
mega power projects undertaken by the government to improve the power supply for the country.
The total capacity of combined cycle power plant is 365 MW which is the combined generation of
gas turbine and steam turbine plant. Natural gas is used as fuel for this power plant.
3.2 Fuel for CCPP
Combined cycle power plant uses both gas turbine and steam turbine to produce up to 50% or
more electricity from the same fuel than simple cycle plant. Basically, natural gas is the main fuel
for combined cycle power plant and it is more versatile than coal or oil and can be used in 90% of
energy applications.
3.3 Working Principle of Combine Cycle Power Plant
The combined cycle power plant of Ghorashal power station operates in two steps in a process
such as gas turbine unit and another one is steam turbine unit. In the very beginning pure air is
compressed by the compressor and after that compressed air is mixed with the natural gas, which
produces burnt gas with high amount of heat energy. This burnt gas is used for rotating the turbine.
The exhausted gas coming out of the turbine has enough energy to boil the water and make steam
for rotating the turbine. Figure 3.1 shows the location and the arrangement of gas turbine section
and steam turbine section of Ghorashal power station.
Figure 3.1: Working Principle of Combine Cycle Power Plant [18]

3.4 Subdivisions of Combined Cycle Power Plant
The major part of combined cycle plant are gas turbine, heat recovery steam generator and steam
turbine.
3.4.1 Compressor
A compressor is a mechanical device which increases the pressure of a gas by mechanically

decreasing its volume. Combined cycle power plant uses natural gas as fuel. The compressor
reduces the volume of the gas. The pressure of the gas increases from 7 bar to 31.5 bar using air
compressor. Air compressor is coupled with generator and turbine to increase the efficiency of the
plant. Based on the design there are two types of compressor at GPS and those are centrifugal and
axial flow type compressor.
3.4.2 Combustion Chamber
The combustion chamber burns a fuel-air mixture and delivers the products of combustion to the
turbine at temperatures within design range. The filtered air enters the compressor section where
it is compressed and moved to the combustion chamber. In the combustor, fuel is added to the
compressed air and ignited continuously with high pressure. Next, the continuous high pressure
combustion gas is directed into the turbine section where the hot gas expands through the turbine
blades to create torque that provides a portion of the power to drive the compressor section and to
turn the generator to generate electricity. After the hot gasses exit the turbine they are directed into
the exhaust section and the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) boiler to produce steam to be
used in the steam turbine generator.
3.4.3 Diesel Engine
Diesel engine is used to operate of the compressor. The compressor, turbine and the diesel all are
connected to the same shaft. When the turbine speed reaches 1800 rpm, then diesel engine will be
disconnected. Figure 3.2 shows a diesel of gas turbine section.

Figure 3.2: Diesel Engine
3.4.4 Gas Turbine
At the GPS, the gas turbine has a compressor, a combustion chamber and exhaust module. The
combustion chamber produces gas and this brunt gas is sent to the gas turbine. When high
temperature and pressure brunt gas passes through turbine blade then the energy is converted into
mechanical energy. Gas turbine is coupled with the rotor of the alternator and it provides
mechanical energy for rotation which is then converted into electrical energy.
3.4.5 Alternator
The gas turbine is same shaft with alternator. Alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. This electrical energy is sent to the step up transformer power transformer and this is
directly connected to the bus bar.
3.4.6 Exhaust Module
Exhaust gas or flue gas that comes out of the gas turbine is normally used for steam turbine section
is GPS. In GPS exhaust gas temperature is around 600⁰C which is used in the boiler to rotate the
steam turbine. After this, gas is released to the atmosphere by the exhaust module. Figure 3.3
shows exhaust module.

Figure 3.3: Exhaust Module

3.4.7 Torque Converter
Torque converter is one kind of coupling that is used between the diesel engine and the gas engine
shaft. Initially rotating gas turbine does not have sufficient running speed, and then it connects
with the diesel engine to support the gas turbine. When gas turbine reaches sufficient speed then
torque convertor automatically disconnects from diesel engine in GPS.
3.4.8 Intercooler
The compressed high pressure air is sent to the intercooler and a device where air is cooled so that
air volume decreases and pressure rises. The GPS gets two benefits using intercooler one is thermal
efficiency and another one is increased steam capacity per square cm.
3.4.9 Regenerator
The high pressure air comes out of the intercooler and is sent to the regenerator. The regenerator
is a device which increases the temperature of an exhaust flue gas. The regenerator increases
overall thermal efficiency at GPS.
3.4.10 Air Inlet Filter
Air inlet is a device which is used to remove unfamiliar particle from the air. Air contains number
of unfamiliar particle and this air is mixed with fuel and produced flue gas which can damage
turbine blades. For this reason air is filtered in 3 states by this device. The optimum ratio of the air
and fuel is 12:1. At GPS, they keep the ratio at 12:1 for better performance. Figure 3.4 shows a air
intake filter.

Figure 3.4: Air Intake Filter
3.5 Heat Recovery Steam Generator
A heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is an energy recovery heat exchanger that recovers heat
from the hot gas stream. Highly purified water flows inside the tubes of HRSG and hot gas passes
around the tubes. HRSG produces steam that can be used to drive a steam turbine. The hot gases
leave the HRSG at around 140oC and are discharged into the atmosphere. HRSG at GPS is shown
in Figure 3.5.
Figure 3.5: Heat Recovery Steam Generator
3.6 Steam Turbine
The generated steam in the HRSG is used to run steam turbine. Turbine rotor and generator rotor
both are coupled together. The total capacity of steam turbine power plant is 950 MW. The
components and operation of the steam turbine has already been described in Chapter 2.

3.7 Efficiency of CCPP
Combined cycle power plant ensures the efficiency of CCPP. Roughly the steam turbine cycle
produces one third of the power and gas turbine cycle produces two thirds of the power output of
the CCPP. At GPS, the efficiency of combined cycle power station was 58% when the gas turbine
of GPS has maximum 36% efficiency and steam turbine has 33% efficiency. But while operating
in combined mode the efficiency of gas turbine is increased up to 50%.

Chapter 4: Sub-station of GPS

4.1 Introduction
The assembly of apparatus are used to change some characteristic (e.g. voltage, ac to dc, frequency,
power factor etc.) of electric supply is called a Sub-Station. Sub-station is an important part of
power system which is used for transmission and distribution of electricity. The structure of sub-
station is made to transmit through 230 kV and 132 kV transmission lines. Various kinds of safety
equipment are installed here for security purposes. 2.5 MVA transformer is connected with
generator which supplies power to the generator for excitation. The auxiliary transformer is
directly connected with generator to supply the auxiliary equipment. At GPS, two 125 MVA
transformers are connected from generator which supplies power to 230 kV grid line by step up
the voltage from 15.75 kV to 230 kV and. There is a 32 MVA reserve auto transformer which
takes power from the grid to supply plant equipment when the generator is not in generating mode.
Here, the autotransformer is installed between 230 kV and 132 kV grid line. When there is excess
power in any grid line, this autotransformer supplies power from one grid to another grid.
Figure 4.1: Single line diagram of unit-5 at GPS sub-station [12]

4.2 Transformer
A transformer is a static device that converts ac electric power at a particular voltage level to the
same ac electric power at another voltage level at constant frequency. It is the major equipment in
a sub-station. Varies types of transformers like power transformer, auxiliary transformer, coupling
transformer and instrument transformer such as current transformer and potential transformer were
observed in GPS power station. Different types of transformers at GPS are discussed in this
section.
Figure 4.2: Transformer at GPS
4.2.1 Instrument Transformer

Instrument transformer is a transformer mostly used for measuring electrical quantities i.e. voltage,
current and also for protection purposes. This transformer steps down either the ac system voltage
or current. All the instrument transformers of GPS are single phase transformer. Instrument
transformer is classified into two groups.
a. Current Transformer (CT)

b. Potential or Voltage Transformer (PT)
a. Current Transformer (CT)

Current transformer (CT) is used for stepping down AC current from higher value to lower value
for measurement and protection. At GPS, current transformers are used at 132 kV and 230 kV bus

bar systems. Ratio of these transformers is 1500-750/1 that means at primary side current is 1500-
750 A and at secondary side current is 1 A with rated frequency 50 Hz.
Figure 4.3: Current Transformer at GPS
b. Potential or Voltage Transformer (PT)

Potential transformer is used for stepping down voltage from higher value to lower value for
measurement and protection. It is also known as voltage transformer. At GPS, potential
transformers are used at 132 kV and 230 kV bus bar systems. At 230 kV bus bar, the PT ratio is
230 kV/100 V and at 132 kV bus bar, PT ratio is 132 kV/100 V.
Figure 4.4: Potential Transformer at GPS

4.2.2 Auxiliary Transformer

Auxiliary transformer is used to provide power to the auxiliary equipment of a power station. At
GPS, auxiliary transformer is directly connected to the generator output and supplies power to the
auxiliary equipment such as motors, lights, other plant loads etc. If the self-auxiliary part of the
generator fails to operate, then the auxiliary transformer will be connected to the bus bar and
system will keep in running condition. For unit 2 and 3 auxiliary transformer is connected with 33
kV bus-bar and for unit 3, 4, 5, 6 auxiliary transformers are connected with 33 kV, 132 kV bus
bar.
Figure 4.5: Auxiliary Transformer at GPS
4.2.3 Power Transformer

The power transformer in a sub-station is used to step up the generated voltage level while the
power and the frequency remain constant. It is also known as unit transformer. For example, at
GPS 55 MW unit and 210 MW unit generators generate 10.5 kV and 15.75 kV respectively. When
this power is transferred through a transmission line, it requires to reduce the value of current. So,
step up transformer generates high voltage up to 132 kV or 230 kV.

Figure 4.6: Power Transformer at GPS
4.2.4 Coupling Transformer

Coupling transformer is used in sub-station to step up or step down the voltage level while keeping
the power same. In GPS, coupling transformer is connected between132 kV bus and 230 kV bus.
If any fault occurs for an example, voltage level falls down and 132 kV bus bar becomes de-
energized, then coupling transformer will energize 132 kV bus bar by taking voltage from 230 kV
bus bar in step down condition. Similarly for 230 kV bus bar coupling transformer will take voltage
from 132 kV in step up condition.
4.3 Cooling System of Transformer

At GPS, there are two types of cooling system used for transformer cooling.
a. Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF) cooling system
b. Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF) cooling system
a. ONAF Cooling System

In Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF) cooling system, the heated oil transfers its heat to the
transformer tank and the surface of transformer tank dissipates. If dissipating surface of
transformer is increased, transformer heat dissipation will increase. Instead of increasing the
dissipation surface, air flow is increased in this system. Fans blowing air on cooling surface is
employed. Forced air flow is better than natural air flow because here fans are mounted near the
radiator and the forced air takes away the heat from the surface of radiator.
Bushing
Oil Tank
Fan
Winding
Figure 4.7: Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF) cooling system [13]
b. OFAF Cooling System

In Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF) cooling system, oil is forced by a pump which circulates within
the closed loop transformer tank and forced air exchange heats from the dissipating surface. Here,
cooling fans are used to give forced air. This will increase the capacity of power transformer by
66% of the base capacity.
Bushing
Oil Pump
Oil Tank
Fan
Winding
Figure 4.8: Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF) cooling system [13]
4.4 Silica Gel Breather

When load on transformer increases, then the insulating oil of the transformer gets heated up and
the volume of the insulating oil is increased. So, the air above the oil level in conservator will come
out. Again at low temperature, the volume of the oil is decreased and then natural air enters into
the conservator. In natural air, there is more or less moisture and this moisture is very harmful for
transformer insulation. The silica gel is a very good absorber of moisture. In that case, silica gel
breather is used for filtering air from moisture. Silica gel breather for transformer is connected
with the conservator tank by means of breathing pipe. It is nothing but a pot of silica gel through
which air passes during the breathing of transformer.
Figure 4.9: Silica gel breather at GPS
4.5 Transformer Tap Changer

A tap changer is a selecting mechanism of connection point, which is used in distribution
transformers to regulate the output voltage to the required levels. To keep the supply voltage within
the limits, it deals with variable control by allowing a variable number of turns to be selective in
discrete steps.
Figure 4.10: A tap changer of distribution transformer at GPS
4.6 Megger Test

Megger test is used to determine the insulation resistance of winding of the transformer. To
perform this test, the primary and secondary terminals are connected with the megger and the
voltage is applied from an external dc source.
4.7 Bay
A bay is the interconnection among potential transformer (PT), lightning arrester, isolator, current
transformer (CT) and circuit breaker. There are three kinds of bay.
a. Incoming feeder bay

b. Outgoing feeder bay
c. Transformer bay
4.8 Protection System of Sub-station

To save electrical equipment, protection system plays an important role by dealing with the
protection of electric power system from faults and isolates the faulty elements. At GPS, many
protecting devices like circuit breaker, isolator, insulator, lightning arrester, relay etc. are used to
operate and maintain the power system. Protection system of GPS are discussed in this section.
4.8.1 Relay
Relay is a sensing device which senses an abnormal condition of electrical circuit and operates its
contact automatically by sending information to the circuit breaker for tripping. There are different
types of relays used at GPS for different purposes, which are discussed below.
a. Differential Relay Protection

b. Buchholz Relay Protection
c. Distance Relay Protection
a. Differential Relay Protection

The differential relay measures the primary and secondary winding current and compares between
them. If any unbalance is found, then the relay will be active and it will trip both the primary and
secondary sides the circuit breaker. Differential relay is a very commonly used relay for protecting
transformers, generators, bus-bar and transmission line.
b. Buchholz Relay Protection

Buchholz relay is the gas actuated relay. It is placed between the main tank and the conservator.
When the fault occurs inside the transformer, the temperature of the oil increases. The oil
evaporates in the form of the gas. The generation of the gas depends on the magnitude of the fault
occurs inside the transformer. The internal faults occur in the transformer such as impulse
breakdown of the insulating oil, insulation failure of turns and buchholz relay protects the
transformer from these faults.

c. Distance Relay Protection

Distance relay protection is specially used in transmission lines to identify the faulty distance by
measuring impedance. So, it is also known as impedance relay. If any fault occurs in the
transmission line then this relay begins to work. The operation of this relay depends on the ratio
of voltage and current.
4.8.2 Circuit Breaker

Circuit breaker is a piece of equipment which works as a switch and operates manually or
automatically for control and protection of electrical power system. Under normal condition, the
circuit breaker operates manually. Under fault condition like overload, short circuit etc. The circuit
breaker automatically disconnects the circuit from the system and saves equipment on the system.
At the GPS, there are different types of circuit breakers. These are discussed below.
a. Oil Circuit Breaker

b. SF6 Circuit Breaker
c. Air Blast Circuit Breaker
a. Oil Circuit Breaker
In oil circuit breaker, oil is used as a dielectric or insulating medium for arc extinction which
separates the contacts of the breaker. When the fault occurs in the system, the contacts of the circuit
breaker are open under the insulating oil and an arc is developed between them and this arc is
quenched by oil vaporization. GPS has some oil circuit breakers.
b. SF6 Circuit Breaker

SF6 circuit breaker has very short arcing time and operates without noise. In this circuit breaker
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used as the arc-quenching medium. SF6 gas is an inert, non-toxic
and heavy gas with good dielectric strength and excellent arc quenching property. Therefore, it is
very popular. In Ghorashal, the weight of the SF6 gas is 26 kg and the total weight of the device is
3530 Kg. The temperature range of the SF6 circuit breaker is - 25°C to +55°C. The SF6 circuit
breakers in GPS are made by Siemens, Germany.

Figure 4.11: SF6 circuit breaker of GPS
c. Air Blast Circuit Breaker
Air blast circuit breaker is the fastest high voltage circuit breaker which operates in microseconds.
In the air blast circuit breaker, compressed air is used as an arc quenching medium. When arc
creates for sudden break of circuit, high pressure air flows to the arc between fixed contacts and
the moving contacts to cool down the arc. The main advantage of using ABCB [Air Blast Circuit
Breaker] is that, there is no chance of fire hazard caused by oil and it requires less maintenance.
Figure 4.12: Air blast circuit breaker at GPS

4.8.3 Insulator
Insulator is very useful for a sub-station. It actually serves two purposes. It supports the conductors
and confines the current to the conductors. At GPS, strain type insulator are used which are
employed at the dead end of the transmission line.
Figure 4.13: Insulator at GPS
4.8.4 Isolator
Insulator operates manually like a mechanical switch which is used on both ends of the breaker to
isolate a section from any energized conductor for maintenance and repairs under no load
condition. If isolator opens under on-load condition then arc creates and it could be harmful for
the system and the things near the isolator.
Figure 4.14: Isolator at GPS

4.8.5 Lightning Arrester
Lightning arrester is used in sub-station to protect the electrical equipment from high voltage due
to lighting strikes by grounding the current caused for over voltage of lighting. Lightning arrester
has a high voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a direct lighting strikes on a transmission
line, it produces high voltage on the transmission line. Then arc is formed for providing a low
resistance path for the surge of extra voltage to the ground. As a result, the extra charges are
grounded by the lightning arrester. It does not work under normal condition. There are various
types of lightning arrester. In Ghorashal, polymer metal oxide and zinc oxide arresters are mainly
used.
Figure 4.15: Lightning arrester at GPS
4.8.6 Feeder
Feeders are the power lines through which electricity is transmitted in power systems. Feeder
transmits power from generating station or substation to the distribution points. They are similar
to distributors except the fact that there is no intermediate tapping done and hence the current flow
remains same at the sending as well as the receiving end.
4.8.7 Earthing Switch

Earthing switch is a safety device which stands for ensuring the safety of a substation. Earthing
switches are integral parts of circuit breakers. When a circuit breaker is removed and racked out,
the sections of the bus bar adjacent to the circuit breaker are automatically earthed by means of
these switches. It is very important for sub-station as it is a switch between the line conductor and
earth. This switch is normally open. Earthing switch is used to earth the live parts during

maintenance and during testing. During maintenance although circuit is open still there are some
voltages on line, due to which capacitance between line and earth is charged. Before maintenance
of that equipment the charge need to be neutralized. The trapped charge of various equipment
because of various capacitance is discharged by earthing switch make the system safe for human
during maintenance.
4.9 Transmission Equipment

At GPS, there are different types of transmission equipment that are described below.
4.9.1 Bus Bar

Bus Bar is an electrical conductor that makes a common connection between several circuits. It is
used when a number of lines operating at the same voltage have to be electrically connected. There
are two types of bus bars used in GPS. At GPS, all incoming feeders are connected to single bus
bar system and double bus bar system is used between 132 kV and 230 kV bus bar system. There
are two types of bus bar system in GPS. Single bus bar arrangement is the simplest form of
arrangement of bus-bar as each generator and feeder is controlled by a circuit breaker. Here all the
incoming and outgoing lines are connected to it. The advantages of single bus bar system include
low initial cost, less maintenance and simple operation. However, the disadvantage is when
repairing has to be done on the bus bar or a fault occurs at the bus bar, the supply will be completely
interrupted. The arrangement of 11 kV is single bus bar arrangement. Another form of bus bar
system is double bus bar. A double bus bar arrangement consists of two bus bars which are
controlled by two circuit breaker. One is a main bus bar and another is a spare bus bar. Each bus
bar has capacity to carry the entire sub-station load. The incoming and outgoing lines are connected
to either of the bus bars by a bus bar coupler. At the GPS, the incoming and outgoing lines are
connected to main bus bar.
Figure 4.16: Bus Bar at GPS

4.9.2 Wave Trapper

Wave trappers are parallel tuned inductor-capacitor tank circuit which are used at sub-stations
using Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC). It operates at high frequency and the frequency
acts as harmonics towards the electrical equipment. The wave trapper allows the power signal to
flow and traps the communication signal to protect electrical equipment. It reduces corona losses
in power system.
Figure 4.17: Wave Trapper at GPS
4.9.3 Transmission System

Electrical transmission system is the means of transmitting the power from generating station to
different load center. For transmitting the power, transmission lines are used which are generally
three types. These are given below. [18]
a. Short transmission line which is less than 80 km
b. Medium transmission line which is greater than 80 km and less than 160 km
c. Long transmission line which is greater than 160 km

Chapter 5: Control Room

5.1 Introduction
Control room of a power station is basically a place from where all the working units of a power
station are maintained. It is very important for a power station. It consists of different control units.
Each of the units are controlled and maintained by a group of engineers.
5.2 Control Room of Steam Turbine Power Plant
At GPS, there are three control rooms. Generally, there are two controlling units in a control room.
Control room 1 is used for operating unit 1 and 2. Control room 2 is used for operating unit 3 and
4 and control room 3 is used for operating unit 5 and 6. The operation of all of units is manually
where unit 1 and 2 use only analog meter and unit 3, 4, 5 and 6 use both analog and digital meters
for measuring data. Each of this control room has three different sections like Boiler desk, Turbine
desk and Generator desk. These different types of desks are described below.
5.2.1 Boiler Desk
Boiler of a power station is controlled from boiler desk. From here engineers can control
demineralized water level, gas pressure, temperature of boiler etc. Here all switches are operated
manually.
Figure 5.1: Boiler desk of unit-3 at GPS
5.2.2 Turbine Desk
Turbine desk is a desk where turbine is controlled. From turbine desk, the engineers manually
control the temperature, oil level, lubrication pressure of the turbine. These works are done for the
protection of the turbine and for controlling the turbine speed.

Figure 5.2: Turbine desk of unit-3 at GPS
5.2.3 Generator Desk
From the generator desk, generator is controlled. All the controlling task, which are related to the
generator such as controlling the hydrogen pressure, excitation voltage, synchronous speed etc. are
done from here. The engineers do all of the controls manually.
Figure 5.3: Generator desk of unit-3 at GPS
5.3 Control Room of Combined Cycle Power Plant
There is only a single control room for the combined cycle power plant that operates 7th Unit of
Ghorashal Power station. It is operated manually. It uses digital meters for measuring data. There
are six monitors in the control room. This control room monitors and controls all the auxiliaries of
gas turbine and steam turbine like compressor, condenser, feed water pump, pressure, temperature,
HRSG, exhaust, fuel, manually tripping, efficiency etc.

Chapter 6: Conclusion
6.1 Discussion
In Bangladesh, electricity plays a major role in the growth of economy. Government is trying to
provide a stable supply of electricity. GPS is one of the largest power station in Bangladesh for
generating electricity. At GPS, the main fuel is natural gas. GPS has two kinds of power plant.
One is steam power plant which has the capacity of 910 MW and another is combine cycle power
plant which has the capacity of 365 MW. During our internship, we have gathered practical
experience about power generation and distribution. As a result we are able to relate the theoretical
knowledge with the practical one. The overall experience helps us understand the working
procedure of power station and thereby, provide us confidence to build our future carrier in power
sector.
6.2 Limitations
During our internship at GPS, we faced some problem.

a. Our internship duration was only 15 days at GPS which was not sufficient to the whole
process of GPS.
b. We have just observed the system and working procedure at GPS, we could not participate
in any practical work
c. All the machines and equipments were in operational mode, so it was risky to learn about
all the equipment.
d. The safety equipments were not available at GPS such as earplug, headphone and helmet
for the internship students.
6.3 Recommendations
After completing internship, we have some recommendations which are given below.
a. Students who are willing to go for internship should do power sector related courses like
power station, switch gear and protective relays before internship for better understanding.
b. If the duration of the internship can be increased then student will learn more.
c. The safety equipment should be provided by the authority and students should use this.
d. Everybody should know the precautions of a power station.

Reference
1. http://www.gps.com/profile.php.
2. V. P. Vasandani and D,S Kumar, “Heat Engineering”, 4th edition, Netaji Subash Marg,
New Delhi, Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd, 1996
3. Stephen J. Chapman, “Electrical Machinery Fundamentals”, 5th edition, New York:
McGraw Hill,1985.
4. V.K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta, “Principle of Power System”, 4th edition, New delhi, S.
Chand and company limited, 2014
5. Sunil S. Rao, “Switchgear protection and power Systems”, 12th edition, Nai sarak,
Delhi,
Khanna publishers, 2007
6. “Transformer equipments”, Wikipedia [Online]
7. http://www.electrical4u.com/what-is-transformer-definition-working-principle-
oftransformer
8. https://ghorashalpowerstation.wordpress.com/category/technology/
9. https://www.genewsroom.com/press-releases/ge-repower-bpdb%E2%80%99s-ghorashal-
station-bangladesh-283107
10. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-09/13/c_136607232.htm
11. https://www.electrical4u.com/differential-protection-of-generator-or-alternator/
12. http://www.razibsaha.com/ghorashal-power-plant-internship-report-bangladesh/
13. http://top10electrical.blogspot.com/2014/02/cooling-methods.html
14. https://ghorashalpowerstation.wordpress.com/category/technology/
15. https://www.genewsroom.com/press-releases/ge-repower-bpdb%E2%80%99s-ghorashal-
station-bangladesh-283107
16. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-09/13/c_136607232.htm
17. https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2018/09/18/record-11-534mw-power-
generation-in-bangladesh
18. Intern lecture at GPS

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Undergraduate Internship

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 1

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 2

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 3

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 4

Md Rasel Md Arif Ur Rahman Md Ashiqur Rahman

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 5

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 6

Through our internship at GPS, we have achieved enormous information on requirement,

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 7

14.08.2018 Working principle of Boiler, its

19.08.2018 of 230/132/33/0.4 kV Sub-station of Manager, Ghorashal 365 MW CCPP

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 8

(Saturday) Turbine rolling, synchronization,

08.09.2018 demonstration at electrical lab

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 9

Different types of Thermometer,

14.09.2018 Practical demonstration of Gas

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 10

1.1 Objective of the Internship ………………………………………………………………....18

1.2 Company Profile …………………………………………………………………………...18

1.3 Mission and Vision ………………………………………………………………………...19

1.4 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………….....19

Chapter 2: Steam Turbine Power Plant ………………………………………………………...20

Chapter 3: combined cycle power plant……………………………………………………..41

3.6 Steam Turbine………………………………………………………………………………45

Chapter 4: Sub-station of GPS……………………………………………………………….47

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 14

Chapter 5: Control Room ……………………………………………………………………61

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 15

Figure 3.1: Working Principle of Combine Cycle Power Plant………………………………...41

Figure 4.1: Single line diagram of unit-5 at GPS sub-station…………………………………..47

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 16

Figure 4.2: Transformer at GPS………………………………………………………………...48

Figure 5.1: Boiler desk of unit-3 at GPS………………………………………………………..61

Table 2.1: Rating of Generator………………………………………………………………….34

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 17

1.2 Company Profile

Table 1.1: Production Capacity of All Units at GPS

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 18

1.3 Mission and Vision

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 19

Chapter 2: Steam Turbine Power Plant

2.2 Working Principle of Steam Turbine Power Plant

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 20

2.3 Water Treatment Plant

2.4 Water Treatment Procedure

Raw Water Coagulated Mechanical Cation 1st

Figure 2.2: Block diagram of water treatment process

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 21

Figure 2.3: Clarifier of GPS

2.4.2 Mechanical Filter

2.4.3 Cation Exchanger

Figure 2.4: Physical view of Resin

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 22

2.4.5 Anion Exchanger

2.4.6 Mixed Bed Exchanger

2.5.1 Main Components of Boiler

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 23

Figure 2.5: The furnace of unit-3 at GPS

2.5.2 Boiler Auxiliaries

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East West University 24