Philipp Louis D.

Bontia ME 326 Assignment # 2 (TTh 9:00 – 12:00)

7.1.) A water treatment system must be able to deliver 15 mgd of water to a city of 150,000 people.
Estimate: (1) the diameter of three equally sized mixing basins 10 ft deep, with a detention time
of 2 min, (2) the length, width, and corresponding surface area of three flocculator basins that are
10 ft deep, (3) the surface area of three settling basins that are 10 ft deep with 2-h detention periods,
and (4) the required area of each of 15 rapid sand filters rated at 2 gal/min-ft2.

SOLUTION:
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
6
1𝑓𝑡 3 1𝑑𝑎𝑦 1 ℎ𝑟
1. ) 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠 = 𝑄𝑥𝑡 = (15 𝑥 10 )( )( )( )(2𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠)
𝑑𝑎𝑦 7.48𝑔𝑎𝑙 24ℎ𝑟𝑠 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
= 2785.2𝑓𝑡 3
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝜋
= 𝐷2 ℎ
3 4
(𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠)(4) (2785.2𝑓𝑡 3 )(4)
𝐷=√ =√ = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝒇𝒕
3𝜋ℎ 3𝜋(10𝑓𝑡)
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑓𝑡 3 1𝑑𝑎𝑦 1 ℎ𝑟
2. ) 𝑉𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑄𝑥𝑡 = (15 𝑥 106 ) (0.134 )( )( )(2𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠)
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑙 24ℎ𝑟𝑠 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
= 2785.2𝑓𝑡 3
𝑉 2785.2𝑓𝑡 3
( 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 )
ℎ 10𝑓𝑡
𝐴= = = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟖𝟒𝒇𝒕𝟐
3 3
𝑙 = 𝑤 = √92.84𝑓𝑡 2 = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟒 𝒇𝒕
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑓𝑡 3 1𝑑𝑎𝑦
3. ) 𝑉𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠 = 𝑄𝑥𝑡 = (15 𝑥 106 )( )( ) (2ℎ𝑟𝑠) = 167112.30𝑓𝑡 3
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑙 24ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑉𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠
= 𝐴ℎ
3
𝑉𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠 167112.30𝑓𝑡 3
𝐴= = = 𝟓𝟓𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝒇𝒕𝟐
3ℎ (3)(10𝑓𝑡)

𝑄 2𝑔𝑎𝑙
4. ) =
15 ∗ 𝐴 min − 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠 1𝑑𝑎𝑦 1 ℎ𝑟 1 𝑓𝑡 3
15𝑥106 ( )( )( )
𝑑𝑎𝑦 24ℎ𝑟𝑠 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠 7.48 𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝐴= = 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟖. 𝟖𝟗𝒇𝒕𝟐
𝑔𝑎𝑙 1 𝑓𝑡 3
(15)(2 )( )
min − 𝑓𝑡 2 7.48 𝑔𝑎𝑙
7.2) An engineer suggests the following design parameters for a city’s proposed rapid sand filter:
flow rate = 0.6 m3/s, and loading rate to filter = 125.0 m3/day-m2. How much surface area is
required for the filter? Select the number of equally sized filters, and size these filters assuming a
width-to-length ratio of 1.0 to 2.5 with a maximum surface area of each filter tank being 75 m 2.
SOLUTION:
𝑄
1. ) 𝐺 =
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

𝑚3
0.6 𝑠
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = = 𝟒𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟐 𝒎𝟐
𝑚3 𝑑𝑎𝑦
(125 2 )(24 ∗ 60𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 60𝑠 )
𝑑𝑎𝑦 − 𝑚

2. )𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 6 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠(𝑛𝐴) = 𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

414.72 𝑚2
𝐴= = 69.12𝑚2
6
𝑤
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒; = 1; 𝑤 = 𝑙 = √69.12𝑚2 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒𝒎
𝑙

7.3) A flocculator is designed to treat 25 mgd. The flocculator basin is 100 ft long, 50 ft wide,
and 20 ft deep and is equipped with 12-in. paddles 48 ft long. The paddles are attached to four
horizontal shafts, two paddles per shaft, their center line is 8.0 ft from the shaft, and they rotate at
2.5 rpm. Assume the velocity of the water is 25% of the velocity of the paddles, the water
temperature is 50⁰F, and the drag coefficient is 1.7. Calculate (1) the time of flocculation, (2) the
velocity differential between the water and the paddle , (3) the hydraulic power (and subsequent
energy consumption), and (4) the values of G and Gt.
Q = 25 mgd = 38.77 ft3/s lwh V = lwh = 100 x 50 x 20= 100000ft3

The rotational velocity is,

2𝜋𝑚
𝑣𝑡 =
60
2𝜋(8)(2.5)
𝑣𝑡 =
60
𝑣𝑡 = 2.09 𝑓𝑝𝑠

The velocity differential between paddles and fluid is assumed to be 75% of vt, so that,

𝑣 = 0.75𝑣𝑡

𝑣 = 0.75(2.09)

𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕 𝒇𝒑𝒔

Total power input is, (at 50°F, the density is 1.94 lb-s2/ft3 and viscosity is 2.73 x 10-5 lb-s/ft2)

𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝜌𝑣 2
𝑃=
2
 (1.7)(1 ∗ 20 ∗ 48)(1.94)(1.57)3
𝑃=
2
𝒇𝒕 − 𝒍𝒃
𝑷 = 𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟎
𝒔
1
𝑃 2
𝐺=( )
𝑉𝜇
1
6126.2 2
=[ ]
(100 ∗ 50 ∗ 20)(2.73 ∗ 10−5 )
𝒇𝒕 − 𝒔
𝑮 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟑𝟕
𝒇𝒕

𝑉
𝑡=
𝑄
7.48 𝑔𝑎𝑙
(100 𝑓𝑡 ∗ 50 𝑓𝑡 ∗ 20 𝑓𝑡) ( )
1 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑡=
𝑔𝑎𝑙 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
(25000000 )( )
𝑑𝑎𝑦 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 (60 𝑚𝑖𝑛)

𝒕 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝑓𝑡 − 𝑠 60𝑠
𝐺𝑡 = (47.37 ) (43.08𝑚𝑖𝑛) ( )
𝑓𝑡 1𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑮𝒕 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟒𝟏. 𝟗𝟖

8.1) A vitrified clay pipe sewer is to discharge 4 cfs when laid on a grade of 0.0016 and flowing
half full. What is the required diameter?

Given: Q = 4 cfs (half full)

s = 0.0016
n (clay, vitrified) = 0.012
Required: D =?

SOLUTION:
For full flow;
𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 2𝑄

𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 2(4)

𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 8 𝑐𝑓𝑠
Using the nomograph;

The diameter required is; D = 22 inches

8.2) An 18-in sewer, n = 0.013, is 15,000 ft long and laid on a uniform grade. Difference in
elevation of the two ends is 4.8 ft. Find velocity and discharge when sewer is flowing 0.6 full.

Given: D = 18 in
n = 0.013
L = 15 000 ft
Δh = 4.8 ft
s(uniform grade) = 1
Required: v = ? (when flowing 0.6 full)
Q = ? (when flowing 0.6 full)

SOLUTION:

The discharge when it is 0.6 full is;

0.00061 8 1
𝑄= (18)3 (1)2
0.013
𝑄 = 104.42 𝑐𝑓𝑠

𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 0.6𝑄

𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 0.6(104.42)
 𝑸𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟔𝟓 𝒄𝒇𝒔

The velocity is;

𝑘 2 1
𝑣= 𝑅3𝑠 2
𝑛
2
𝜋(18⁄12)2 3
1.486 4 1
𝑣= ( ) (1)2
0.013 𝜋 (18⁄12)

𝑣 = 59.44 𝑓𝑝𝑠

Using hydraulic elements chart;

𝑣
= 0.91
𝑣𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙

𝑣 = 0.91𝑣𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙

𝑣 = 0.91(59.44)

𝒗 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟎𝟗 𝒇𝒑𝒔
8.3) A 48-in circular sewer is required to discharge 100 cfs when full. What is the required grade,
according to the Manning formula, if n = 0.015?

Given: D = 48 in
Q = 100 cfs
n = 0.015
Required: s =?

SOLUTION:
Manning formula for circular conduit;
0.00061 8 1
𝑄= 𝐷3𝑠 2
𝑛
2
𝑄𝑛
𝑠=[ 8]
0.00061𝐷 3

2
(100)(0.015)
𝑠=[ 8]
0.00061(48)3

𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟓
8.4) A 12-in concrete sewer, flowing just full, is laid on a grade of 0.00405 ft/ft. Find the velocity
and rate of discharge.
Given: D = 12 in
s = 0.00405
n(concrete, straight) = 0.011
k = 1.486
Required: v =?
Q =?
SOLUTION:

𝑘 2 1
𝑣= 𝑅3𝑠 2
𝑛
2
𝜋(12⁄12)2 3
1.486 4 1
𝑣= ( ) (0.00405)2
0.011 𝜋 (12⁄12)
 𝒗 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟏 𝒇𝒑𝒔

Assuming the conduit is circular;

0.00061 8 1
𝑄= 𝐷3𝑠 2
𝑛
0.00061 8 1
𝑄= (12)3 (0.00405)2
0.011

𝑸 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟔 𝒄𝒇𝒔

8.5) A 12-in sewer, n = 0.013, is laid on a grade of 3 ft/1000 ft. Find the velocity and rate of
discharge when the sewer is 0.4 full.

Given: D = 12 in
n = 0.013
s = 0.003
k = 1.486
Required: v =? (when sewer is 0.4 full)
Q =? (when sewer is 0.4 full)

SOLUTION:

Velocity is;
𝑘 2 1
𝑣= 𝑅3𝑠 2
𝑛
2
𝜋(12⁄12)2 3
1.486 4 1
𝑣= ( ) (0.003)2
0.013 𝜋 (12⁄12)

𝑣 = 2.48 𝑓𝑝𝑠
Using hydraulic elements chart;

𝑣
= 0.8
𝑣𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙

𝑣 = 0.8𝑣𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙

𝑣 = 0.8(2.48)

𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟖 𝒇𝒑𝒔

The discharge when its 0.4 full is;

𝑄 = 𝐴𝑣

12 2
𝜋( )
12 )
𝑄=( (2.48)
4

𝑄 = 1.95 𝑐𝑓𝑠

𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 0.4𝑄

𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 0.4(1.95)

𝑸𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖 𝒄𝒇𝒔