INTRODUCTION OF ARDUINO

Group 2

1. Introduction

Nowadays technological developments occur in various aspects. As an engineer, we are

required to facilitate things that are difficult to do, one of them is implementing automation
on things that are usually still resolved manually. Along with the times, the scientist found
various kinds of artificial intelligence in various forms. For example a calculator to help
calculations, computers for processing numbers and data. from this thing comes an initiative
to create artificial intelligence with a relatively small size and does not cost much, but has its
own logic and can be trained easily by human.

A microcontroller is a computer, microcontroller is a special purpose computer.

Microcontroller do one thing well. There are a number of other common characteristics that
define microcontrollers. Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other device (often a
consumer product) so that they can control the features or actions of the product. Another
name for a microcontroller, therefore, is "embedded controller." But there are more
shortcoming of microcontroller just like, difficult program language, many steps to trained
the program, indirect power supply.

2. Before Arduino
a. Parallax Basic Stamp (over 1990)

A BASIC Stamp module is a single-board computer that runs the Parallax PBASIC
language interpreter in its microcontroller. The developer’s code is stored in an
EEPROM, which can also be used for data storage. The PBASIC language has easy-
to-use commands for basic I/O, like turning devices on or off, interfacing with
sensors, etc. More advanced commands let the BASIC Stamp module interface with
other integrated circuits, communicate with each other, and operate in networks.
PBASIC program that uses ASCII code.

b. PICAXE (over 2000)

PICAXE is a microcontroller system based on a range of Microchip PIC
microcontrollers. PICAXE devices are essentially Microchip PIC devices, with pre-
programmed firmware that enables bootloading of code directly from a PC,
simplifying hobbyist embedded development. PICAXE devices have been produced
by Revolution Education (Rev-Ed) since 1999. The electrical characteristics of the
PICAXE microcontroller are dependent upon the base PIC microcontroller used to
create the PICAXE microcontroller.

3. Arduino and Microcontroller Differences

AVR and Arduino Uno microcontrollers. What distinguishes the two

microcontrollers. Now we are facilitated by Arduino. All example programs are
already in the Arduino IDE Software. As for the AVR usage to write programs can
depend on each user. Can use Codevision, Bascom, Win AVR and others. Also to
upload programs to the microcontroller can also use Progisp, Khazama and others.
The IC used is from Atmel. AVR uses ATmega16,32,8535 and others, while Arduino
uses ATmega328, ATmega168. Arduino is an open-source single-board micro
controller, derived from the Wiring platform, designed to facilitate the use of
electronics in various fields. The hardware has the Atmel AVR processor and the
software has its own programming language.

a. What is Arduino ?

Arduino is an open-source single-board micro controller, derived from the Wiring

platform, designed to facilitate the use of electronics in various fields. The hardware
has the Atmel AVR processor and the software has its own programming language.
The language used in Arduino is not a relatively difficult assembler, but C language is
simplified with the help of Arduino libraries. Below are some of the advantages and
disadvantages of Arduino :

Advantages of Arduino

 You don't need a programmer chip device because it already has a bootloader
that will handle uploading programs from your computer.
  Already have a USB communication facility, so laptop users who do not have
a serial port / RS323 can use it.

 Programming language is relatively easy because Arduino software is

equipped with a fairly complete collection of libraries.]

 It has a ready to use module (shield) that can be plugged into an Arduino
board. For example shield GPS, Ethernet, SD Card and others Arduino.

Disadvantages of Arduino

 Hexa code is relatively larger.

 Fuse bit errors often occur when creating a bootloader.

 Flash storage is reduced, because it is used for bootloaders.

b. What is microcontroller ?

Alv and Vegard's Risc microcontroller or often abbreviated to AVR is an 8-bit RISC
microcontroller. Because of this RISC most of the instruction code is packaged in one
clock cycle.

Advantages of Microcontroller

 In the form of IC

 Free programming. want to use C / Arduino, BascomAVR, AVRGCC,

CAVR, even Assembly if the brain is strong

 Cheaper than Arduino

 Longer lifetime

Disanvadtages of Microcontroller

 Must provide downloader

 Solder science of soldering is needed, especially the SMD

 Library availability is not as much as Arduino.

4. Function of Pin Arduino

1) USB Port
Used to connect an Arduino Board to a computer via a USB connection. as a
power supply to the board or for microcontroller programming.
2) TX dan RX LED
TX (Transmit) and RX (Receive), the two LEDs will blink during IC or
Arduino Board programming. This pin is used for serial data communication
with other devices.

8
9

1 7

2 6

5
3

4
Picture 1. Pins of Arduino

1) Power Connector
power is used as a supply or source of electric for Arduino with Jack type. DC
input of 5-12 V. 9V recommended steel.

2) Analog Input
 The Arduino UNO board has six analog pins A0 through A5. Used to read
analog signals or sensors such as proximity sensors, temperature, etc., and
convert them into digital values.

3) Ic Microcontroller
IC or Integrated Circuit, aka the brain of the Arduino Board. This IC is
programmed by the Arduino board to set digital pins (15) and analog pins
(10).

4) ON Board LED
Most Arduino has on-board LEDs that you can control. At UNO, MEGA and
ZERO are attached to digital pin 13, on MKR1000 on pin 6. LED_BUILTIN
is set to the correct LED pin regardless of which board is used. If you want to
know what pins are attached to the board LEDs on your Arduino model,
check the Technical Specifications of your board at:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products

5) Power LED
This lamp will light up and indicate the Arduino Board is getting a good
power supply. If it does not turn on, there is something wrong with the power
supply or the audio card.

6) Digital Pin I/O

The Arduino UNO board has 14 Digital Pins. Function to provide logical
values (0 or 1). The pins labeled "~" are PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pins
that can be used to produce PWM. Digital Pin I / O can be used like a switch.

7) Reset
Used to repeat the Arduino program from the beginning or Reset. The first
method is by pressing the reset button on the board. The second way is by
connecting the reset pin with GND briefly.