2a I didn’t recognise you.

Grammar Past simple Exercise 4

Sample questions:
Prepositions: during, for
When did you become interested in
Function Show concern and reassure
skateboarding?
What did you do during the school holidays?
Students’ Book
2 LIFE STORIES

How often did you practise?

Look forward ❯❯❯
Tell the Ss to look at the photos on pages
14–15 of the Students’ Book (without
looking at/covering up the accompanying
text). Ask some lead-in questions:
1 What does the main photo show? What
do you think has happened to Sophie?
(Sophie and Ryan, probably in a park.
Sophie has fallen while rollerblading.)
2 What do you think Ryan might be saying?
(Asking if she is OK.)
Have any Ss tried sports such as
rollerblading or skateboarding? If so, they
could share their experiences with the class.
Did they have to wear protective gear, like
the helmet, elbow and kneepads Sophie is
wearing?
Background notes
Geoff Rowley: A professional skateboarder,
from Liverpool, UK, born in 1976. He’s lived in
California, USA, since 1999.
Exercise 1
A Dutch friend stayed with her during the holidays
and gave her some lessons.
Exercise 2
1 a) 2 b) 3 b) 4 b) 5 a)
Grammar
1 (Did you) hurt 2 met 3 bought 4 lost 5 wore
6 fell (over) 7 came 8 gave 9 (didn’t) have
For tells you ‘how long’.
During tells you ‘when’.
How many years did you practise skateboarding?
When did you enter your first competition?
What happened between 1995 and 2000?
What did the skateboard magazine give you in
2000?
When did you move to California?
What happened in 2007?
Exercise 5b
1 Where did you go to school?
2 What time did it start?
3 When did you do your homework?
4 Who did he have lunch with?
5 Why did they leave so early?
Extension
Past simple (irregular verbs)
Make two sets of cards of irregular verbs,
one with the infinitive on them (Set A), and
one with the past simple on them (Set B).
Put all the cards face down at the front of
the class. Ask a S to pick up two cards at
random. The S should read aloud the verbs
on the cards. If they match, he or she keeps
the cards. If they don’t match, he or she
shows them to the rest of the class and puts
them back, face down on the table.
A second S tries to get a matching pair in
the same way.
The winner is the S with the most cards
when all the cards have been picked up.
Alternatively, especially with larger classes,
this can be played in groups of four, with
each group making their own sets of cards.

Exercise 3
2 grew up 3 became 4 During 5 practised 6 for
7 entered 8 won 9 gave 10 moved 11 during
12 voted

1
 2a
Extra practice
Students’ Book, page 97
Workbook
Exercise 1
Exercise 1 2 I bet you’re glad 3 You’ll get the hang of it
2 was, bought, during 3 learnt, during 4 I’d better get going 5 I could do with
4 looked, said, for 5 watched, during
6 woke up, during, cried, for 7 waited, for, came Exercise 2
8 started, during 2 discovered 3 had 4 didn’t start 5 didn’t take 6 won
7 didn’t win 8 came 9 won 10 went 11 returned
Exercise 2
Toby: Yes, I’m fine. Don’t worry. Exercise 3
Jay: Are you sure? What on earth happened? 2 forgot 3 Did, win 4 came 5 didn’t watch 6 didn’t have
Toby: I swerved to avoid a car. 7 wasn’t 8 did, go 9 did, see 10 didn’t go 11 did, ask
Jay: Did you hurt yourself?
Exercise 4
Toby: No, I just lost my balance.
2 for 3 during 4 during 5 for 6 for
Jay: Can I give you a hand?
Toby: No thanks. Really, I’m OK. Exercise 5
2 fell 3 balance 4 hurt 5 worry 6 OK 7 do 8 sure
9 problem

Go to ❯❯❯ MOTIVATOR 2a

2
2b I wasn’t really listening …
Grammar Past continuous and past simple with
when, while, as Extension
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs with up Past continuous and past simple
In small groups, Ss make up a chain story. One S
starts the story off by saying a story opening, using
Students’ Book the past simple and past continuous. Then, each S
in the group takes it in turns to add to the story by
Look back ❮❮❮ saying a sentence using the past simple, and the
Past simple past continuous if appropriate, e.g.
A: I was waiting at the bus stop last Sunday when I
Revise the past simple by asking Ss what
saw Daniel Craig walk past …
happened to Ryan and Sophie in Lesson 2a. Ask
B: He stopped and said hello. Then he asked for
the first question, then individual Ss can take over
my phone number … ., etc.
by asking further questions, e.g.
Give the Ss approximately five minutes to
Where were they? complete their story.
Did Ryan recognise Sophie at first? More confident groups could then retell their story
Why did Sophie fall? for the class. The rest of the class could vote on
Who gave Sophie some skateboarding lessons? whose story is the funniest or most interesting.

Exercise 2
1 She spilt tomato sauce on the tablecloth. Extra practice
2 She knocked over a glass and it broke. Students’ Book, page 97
3 She had tomato sauce on her top.
Exercise 1
Exercise 3 2 f)
2 T 3 T 4 F 5 DS They were watching a DVD when they heard someone
in the kitchen.
Exercise 4
While they were watching a DVD, they heard someone
2 Cheer up 3 take up 4 turn up 5 Stand up 6 Make, up
in the kitchen.
7 give up
They heard someone in the kitchen while they were
Grammar watching a DVD.
1 past continuous 2 past simple 3 g)
Exercise 5 She was trying on some jeans in a shop when her
1 didn’t have 2 broke, was washing mobile phone rang.
3 was introducing, forgot 4 went, asked 5 broke, sat While she was trying on some jeans in a shop, her
6 was walking, realised mobile phone rang.
Her mobile phone rang while she was trying on some
Exercise 6 jeans in a shop.
1 What did they do?
4 a)
2 Was it raining when you got off the train?
I was running for the bus when the heel of my shoe
What did you do?
broke.
3 Where were you when you got my text?
While I was running for the bus, the heel of my shoe
What were you doing?
broke.
The heel of my shoe broke while I was running for the
bus.

3
 2b
5 c)
He was walking down the stairs when he slipped and
Workbook
fell. Exercise 1
While he was walking down the stairs, he slipped and 2 pick 3 stand 4 gave 5 Cheer 6 looked 7 took 8 turned
fell.
Exercise 2
He slipped and fell while he was walking down the
2 pushed 3 fell 4 was racing 5 hit 6 cut 7 was 8 crashed
stairs.
9 were lying 10 skated
6 b)
We were having breakfast when a police officer knocked Exercise 3
on our door. 2 Molly’s phone rang while/as she was taking an exam.
While we were having breakfast, a police officer 3 I was using my friend’s computer when it crashed.
knocked on our door. 4 Joe was walking near Loch Ness when he saw ‘the
A police officer knocked on our door while we were monster’.
having breakfast. 5 When Charlotte met the cool, handsome French boy,
she didn’t know what to say.
7 e)
I was eating a salad in a restaurant when I saw an insect Exercise 4
on my lettuce. 2 What were you doing?
While I was eating a salad in a restaurant, I saw an 3 I was reading a book,
insect on my lettuce. 4 Were Tom and Mike fighting?
I saw an insect on my lettuce while I was eating a salad 5 Yes, they were.
in a restaurant. 6 When Mr Smith came in, some people didn’t hear
him.
Exercise 2 7 When he turned round, everyone else was sitting at
2 ’ve given up 3 stand up 4 took up 5 Cheer up! their desks.
6 turn up 7 pick up 8 What did he do?

Go to ❯❯❯ MOTIVATOR 2b

4
2c After getting up at 5 a.m., …
Grammar Past simple and past perfect Exercise 6
simple 2 finding, fell 3 didn’t reach, had broken down
4 checked, leaving 5 got, had already gone
after/before + gerund (-ing
6 was, walking
form)
Vocabulary Transport and travel Exercise 7
2 waiting 3 started 4 had missed 5 decided 6 had fallen
7 spending 8 arrived
Students’ Book Exercise 8
2 too young 3 ten months 4 a boat
Look back ❮❮❮ 5 just under a year and a half 6 repair, bad weather
Past continuous and past simple with 7 about ten days
while, when, as
2
Tell the Ss to quickly re-read the embarrassing 08 Audio script
stories in Exercise 2 in Lesson 2b. They then close Girl: Wow. This Laura Dekker is amazing.
their books, and work with a partner to re-tell Boy: Oh, yes, I heard about her. She sailed around
one of the stories, taking turns to begin and end the world all by herself? Right?
sentences, e.g. Girl: Yes, that’s right.
A: While Josie was having dinner at her best Boy: How old was she?
friend’s house, … Girl: Well, she was fourteen when she set off.
B: … she spilt tomato sauce on the tablecloth. She Boy: That’s so young. Wasn’t it dangerous?
tried … ., etc. Girl: Well yes, in fact before she set off the Dutch
Explain that it doesn’t matter if they change some authorities had tried to stop her. They said she
of the events in the story, the important thing is was too young to do it.
to use the past continuous and the past simple Boy: Oh, so what happened?
correctly. Girl: In the end, after waiting for ten months, she got
permission to go.
Boy: What about her parents? What did they think?
Exercise 2 Girl: They supported her. They’re sailors, too. Laura
He appeared in a photographic exhibition. was born on a boat. In fact, she lived on a boat
until she was four!
Exercise 3
Boy: So, how long did it take, altogether, for her to
2 5.50 3 two buses, two trains 4 of him 5 hardest
sail around the world?
Exercise 4 Girl: It took her just under a year and a half. She was
8.20 a.m. sixteen when she finished.
Boy: Wow, that’s a long time to be at sea.
Exercise 5a
Girl: Yes, well, she hadn’t been at sea all that time.
Land: bike, bus, car, caravan, coach, lorry, minibus,
She stopped quite a lot.
moped, motorbike, scooter, taxi, tram, underground
Boy: Did she? To rest?
(tube), van
Girl: Well, yes, but also to repair the boat, oh, and to
Sea: boat, ferry, ship avoid bad weather, you know, like hurricanes.
Air: helicopter, plane And she actually flew home once, to the
Netherlands, and stayed there for about ten
Exercise 5b
days.
2 on foot 3 Change 4 get a lift 5 get out 6 ride
7 by boat, by plane 8 drives/goes by car

Grammar
before other events in the past simple

5
 2c

Extension Workbook
Transport and travel Exercise 1
Play a game of categories to help Ss recall/ 2 sail 3 ride 4 by 5 drive 6 lift 7 flew 8 in 9 out 10 cycled
practise the key vocabulary of transport and travel. 11 on/off 12 off/on 13 change 14 foot

Draw four columns on the board with the following Exercise 2

headings: Travel by land, Travel by sea, Travel by air 2 got, had started 3 turned up, had gone
and Travel verbs. 4 opened, realised, had left 5 crashed, had fallen
Put the Ss into small groups and ask one S from 6 had forgotten, started
each group to copy the headings. Call out a letter
Exercise 3
of the alphabet (it may help to check the Word
2 had, happened 3 had made 4 had asked 5 had given
bank for Unit 2 on page 108 before you do this).
6 arrived 7 had spent 8 had flown 9 had caught
Ss try to write one word beginning with that letter
10 had taken 11 had, got
under one or more of the headings as quickly as
they can. Exercise 4
When you have called out between six and ten 2 going 3 buying 4 leaving 5 flying 6 returning
letters, ask the Ss to check their words for correct
category and spelling, then tell you their words. Go to ❯❯❯ MOTIVATOR 2c
Award one point for each correct answer. The
group with the most points wins.

Extra practice
Students’ Book, page 98

Exercise 1
(B) he hadn’t returned. (F) The parents called the police.
(H) Ten minutes later, Eddie’s parents received a
phone call. (G) Two girls had seen the boy at Kendal
station. (C) Half way to the ice cream shop, the boy
had changed his mind and (had) walked to the station.
(D) He had got on a train and (had) got off at Kendal
station, sixty miles away from his home.

6
2d Milestones in travel
Students’ Book
Exercise 2
Amelia Mary Earhart: the first woman to fly solo
across the Atlantic Ocean
Helen Sharman: the first British person in space
Steve Fossett: the first person to fly around the
world non-stop, flew a glider at a new altitude
record
Exercise 3
2 It was the year when she flew solo across the
Atlantic Ocean.
3 She became the first British person in space.
4 He flew around the world non-stop.
5 He flew a glider 15,445 metres above a city in
Argentina.
Exercise 4
2 1937
3 She heard an advertisement on the radio.
4 13,000
5 He was a successful businessman.
6 He was above a city in Argentina.
Exercise 5a
1 Ask individual Ss to pronounce the word. Check
word stress.
2 A noun, countable
3 ‘a job that you do because you have a very
strong feeling that doing this job is the purpose
of your life’
Exercise 6
The Wright Brothers: 1 aeroplane, 1903 2 Invented
Henry Ford (1863–1947), USA: 1 the Model T Ford
2 half the cars in America were Model T Fords
3 the modern factory
NASA (created in 1958), USA: 1 1969, the first
person on the moon with the Apollo 11 spaceship
2 space 3 space station
2
10 Audio script
Presenter: Welcome back to Ask the Experts, the
show where you, the audience, put
your questions to them, the experts.
So, let’s have the next question,
please.
David: David Riley from Manchester. … My
question is who changed the history
of transport?
Presenter: Yes, an interesting question. Thank
you, David. I’ll put that question first
to Professor Rachel Fielding, from
West London University. Professor
Fielding?
Rachel: Well, to be honest with you I haven’t
had much chance to think about
this but … I’m going to choose two
people, brothers in fact, Orville and
Wilbur Wright.
Presenter: OK, tell us a bit about them.
Rachel: Well, Orville and Wilbur were
American pioneers. When Orville
Wright was born in 1871, America
was a place where people travelled
by horse. By the time he died in
1948, aeroplanes were common
and commercial flights had begun.
This was an amazing change, truly
amazing, and it was the Wright
brothers who helped to cause this
change. They designed and built
the first real aeroplane in 1903. They
also invented a steering system
that allowed pilots to control the
aeroplane. We still use this system in
modern aeroplanes.
Presenter: Excellent, a strong case for the Wright
brothers then. Now, Doctor Marcus
Redman from the University of Central
Florida, what’s your opinion?
Marcus: Well of course I’m an American, so
I should agree with Rachel but in
fact, I’m going to choose another
American, Henry Ford.
Presenter: Ah, the famous Henry Ford. Tell us
why you’ve chosen him.
7
 2d
Marcus: Well, it’s quite simple really. Ford was
born just a few years before the Wright
brothers in 1863 and he died a year before
Orville Wright, in 1947. During his life he
produced the famous Model T Ford, and
by 1918, half of all the cars in America
were Model T Fords. But perhaps more
importantly, he invented the modern
factory which allowed him to produce
thousands of cars cheaply and efficiently.
Presenter: Fascinating stuff. Now, Doctor Wendy
Young from Central Sydney University in
Australia. What’s your view?
Wendy: Well I’m really interested in what my
colleagues here have said but for me
there’s only one answer. And it’s not a
person, it’s an organisation. NASA.
Presenter: Ah, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, basically the
American space agency. Can you call an
organisation a hero? Well, maybe. Carry
on anyway.
Wendy: Well, NASA was created in 1958 and in
1969, eleven years after it was created,
NASA put the first person on the moon
with the Apollo 11 spaceship. That was an
amazing achievement and it completely
changed the world. And of course, NASA
later developed the space shuttle, and it
also helped to build the space station …

Extension
When the Ss have completed their short article in
Exercise 8, they could work in pairs to interview
each other about their chosen hero. Suggested
questions that the interviewer might ask are:
Who is the hero you have chosen?
Why have you chosen this person?
What is the most important achievement of your
hero?
Monitor Ss as they talk, giving help where needed.
More confident pairs could present their Q&As to
the rest of the class.

8
1 Revision
Workbook
Language round-up (page 18)
Exercise 1
2 left 3 leaving 4 bought 5 during 6 When 7 for
8 was carrying 9 taking 10 hadn’t eaten 11 was looking
12 invited
Exercise 2
1 B: No, I didn’t. I went to the theatre.
2 A: Were you going very fast when you fell off your
bike?
B: No, I wasn’t. I was cycling quite slowly.
3 A: Had your parents gone to bed by the time you got
home last night?
B: No, they hadn’t. They were waiting for me in the
living room.
4 A: Did John say ‘Hello’ when you met him yesterday?
B: Yes, he did. We had a long chat together.
Exercise 3
2 off 3 on 4 stand 5 turn 6 by 7 lift 8 foot 9 ride 10 gave
11 take 12 drives 13 in 14 makes 15 fly 16 cheers
Exercise 5
1 a bit worse than 2 not as exciting as
3 a lot easier than 4 not as rewarding as
5 far better than
Exercise 6
Clothes and accessories: leggings, tracksuit top,
bangle, jumper, tights
Footwear: shoes, trainers, high heels, boots, sandals
Jobs: receptionist, mechanic, politician, ski instructor,
electrician
Transport: helicopter, ferry, lorry, moped, van
Exercise 7
1 dull 2 worthwhile 3 tiring 4 dangerous 5 rewarding
6 glamorous 7 educational 8 boring 9 creative
10 stressful 11 well-paid 12 exciting
Exercise 8
1 give up 2 stand up 3 make up 4 turn up 5 take up
6 pick up
Exercise 9
1 got on 2 change 3 walked 4 went 5 got off 6 gave
Exercise 10

Students’ Book 1 a) 2 c) 3 b) 4 a) 5 c) 6 b)

Exercise 11
Language Revision 1 (page 22) 1 right 2 I’m 3 hurt 4 don’t 5 fine 6 sure 7 no 8 give

Exercise 1
Go to ❯❯❯ ROUND-UP 1
1 sees 2 ’m/am doing 3 have you known 4 ran
5 ’ve/have just finished 6 ’s/has recently taken up
7 ’d/had already left 8 were having 9 seeing 10 heard Go to ❯❯❯ ROUND-UP 2
Exercise 2
1 We haven’t been to the cinema since last December.
2 I’ve/have lived here for ten years. eText
3 Jeremy has worn glasses for several years.
4 My cousin Joe has had his driving licence since 2005. Games
5 She’s/has sent ten text messages since she woke up. Boat Game
6 My dog hasn’t eaten anything for three days.
Hangman
7 He’s/has known Emma for six months.
Pelmanism
Exercise 3
1 won 2 finished/had finished 3 started 4 were crossing
5 broke down 6 heard 7 had driven 8 gave

Exercise 4
1 don’t you 2 does she 3 were they 4 can’t he
5 doesn’t she 6 are they 7 have I 8 isn’t it 9 hasn’t she
10 did you

9
Workbook
Skills practice (page 19)
Exercise 1
2 B 3 A 4 A 5 A, B

Exercise 2
2 train 3 bridge 4 island 5 tunnel 6 drove 7 eleven
8 Verona

Exercise 3
Boat: The Golden Hind
Man: Sir Francis Drake

Exercise 4
2 Brazil 3 1580 4 gold 5 world 6 1996 7 guns 8 fifteen

4
  Audio script
This is the Golden Hind, or, should I say, it is a copy
of the Golden Hind.
The original was broken up about four hundred years
ago. This boat, though, is exactly the same size as
the original, so you can have an idea of what it was
like to sail on her.
In December 1577, the Golden Hind and four other
boats, left England led by Francis Drake. In the
spring of 1578, they had got to Brazil and, from
there, they went round South America to the Pacific
Ocean. They returned home on September 26th,
1580 with gold that they had stolen from the
Spanish. Queen Elizabeth I was so happy that she
made Francis Drake a ‘Sir’.
The boat we are on now has also been around
the world – in 1979. She followed Drake’s original
journey, but no gold was stolen! Since 1996, she
has been here in London. As you can see, she’s
surprisingly small; just thirty-one metres long and six
metres wide. She had twenty-two guns and could
sail at up to fifteen kilometres per hour. Right, let’s go
inside. Careful you don’t bang your head…

Exercise 5
2 had 3 started 4 set 5 had, sailed 6 had, attacked
7 returned 8 returning 9 fought 10 died

10