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Term-(All Answers)
A 10 year old girl peeks in her older sister's diary, but later feels guilty. She tells herself,
"I shouldn't have done that. It wasn't right." According to Freud, which moral
component of the personality is responsible for her feelings about her behavior?
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Superego
d. Preconscious
Which of the following crises in the life cycle is the cornerstone of Erikson's theory?
a. Trust versus mistrust
b. autonomy versus shame and doubt
c. initiative versus guilt
d. identity formation versus identity diffusion Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
The american cultural value placed on the primacy of the biological family is an
example of a(n)
a. microsystem
b. mesosystem
c. exosystem
d. macrosystem
The environment responds to human behavior and either reinforces it or eliminates it.
This theory is known as
a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. social cognitive learning
d. connectionism Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
The importance of modeling is emphasized in
a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. social cognitive learning
d. connectionism Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
___ is a belief that interactions among all aspects of development require analysis
a. Piagetian psychology
b. operant conditioning
c. social cognitive learning
d. developmental contextualism Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
which process is responsible for the genetic variability among human organisms?
a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. fertilization
d. capacitation
Research suggests that insufficient folic acid in the mother's diet may contribute to the
failure of the neural tube to close, resulting in spina bifida. At which point in prenatal
development does the neural tube close?
a. fourth week
b. eighth week
c. fourth month
d. sixth month
when a natural mother retains input into the adoption process, it is called ___ adoption
a. selected
b. congruent
c. accommodated
d. open
Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
Couples considering adoption should think carefully about the ___ of the child
a. weight
b. age
c. size
d. cognition
At what point after birth do typical infants double their birth weight?
a. 3 months
b. 6 months
c. 9 months
d. 12 months
you notice that a new mother feeds her baby boy by propping a bottle on a pillow next
to him. why do you want to discourage this practice?
a. the baby will have difficulty regulating the flow of formula
b. the baby is not learning how to organize his behavior
c. the mother and the baby are not learning to read each other's signals
d. all of the above are correct Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
you observe a baby lying on her abdomen, raising her head, shoulders, and upper
abdomen while supporting herself with her forearms. about how old is this baby?
a. 6 weeks
b. 8 weeks
c. 3 months
d. 6 months
a new mother who is breastfeeding her baby asks you if her baby can see her. what is
your answer?
a. no. babies cannot see clearly until they are about 6 weeks old
b. yes. babies have 20/20 vision at birth Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
c. no. visual acuity is about 20/100 at birth
d. yes. objects that are within close range, especially your face, are perfectly clear
apgar scores are recorded at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. what do they measure?
a. heart rate, respiratory effect, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and skin color
b. first and second periods of reactivity
c. behavioral states: sleeping, waking, and crying
d. gestational maturity, such as flexion of extremities, quality of skin, and development of
eyes, ears, and genitals.
to elicit the babinski reflex, you stroke the sole of a baby's foot, beginning at the heel
and moving towards the toes. the toes flex, as if they are going to grab your finger. is
this normal?
a. no. if the baby is younger than 1 year, the toes should fan out and extend
b. yes, if the baby is older than 1 year, the toes will flex.
c. both a and b are true
d. neither a nor b is true Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
According to piaget, what are the four accomplishments of the sensorimotor period?
a. rolling over, sitting up, crawling, and walking.
b. time, spatial relationships, cause and effect, and object permanence
c. visual acuity, binocular vision, depth perception, and spatial relationships
d. primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circular
reactions, and tertiary circular reactions Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
you are watching a baby who is sitting up in her mother's lap. the baby is playing with a
box of animal crackers, by shaking it, hitting it on the arm of the chair, and patting the
lid with her hand. what age range and what substage of piaget's sensorimotor period is
this baby in?
a. age 1-4 months, primary circular reactions
b. age 4-8 months, secondary circular reactions
c. age 8-12 months, coordination of secondary circular reactions
d. age 18-24 months, beginning of representational thought
When parents feel that other adults, including their own parents, are looking over their
shoulder and telling them how to bring up their child, this phenomenon is called
a. ghosts in the nursery
b. generational interest
c. parental transference
d. social sharing
The special bonding between an infant and usually the mother is called
a. detachment
b. attachment
c. relating Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
d. symmetry
You are going down the stairs behind a little boy who is placing both feet on each step
as he goes while holding the railing. about how old is he?
a. 3 years old
b. 4 years old
c. 5 years old
d. 6 years old
Which skill that is essential for reading readiness develops between ages 3 and 6?
a. using hands as tools
b. copying and tracing figures
c. visuomotor scanning
d. recognizing the letters of the alphabet
You are pouring juice for a 4 year old and 10 year old into two different glasses: one
short and wide, the other tall and narrow. the 4 year old insists on having the tall
narrow glass despite assurances from the 10 year old that the two glasses have the same
amount of juice. which term is used to describe the 4 year olds understanding of this
situation?
a. centration Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
b. appearance reality
c. cause by association
d. difficulty with conversation
Which of the following is an example of a child's difficulty with conversation during the
preschool period?
a. thinks a ball of clay gets bigger when it is rolled into a snake
b. given two rows of m&ms with 10 candles in each row, will say the row more spread out
has more
c. says the glass with the most juice is the taller one, even if the child just saw the juice
poured from a shorter but wider glass
d. all of the above
preschool educators are alert to match materials and methods to appropriate ages
because of the theory put forth by
a. piaget Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
b. freud
c. skinner
d. pavlov
the rules of ___ describe how to put words together to form sentences
a. phonology
b. semantics
c. grammar
d. pragmatics
Parents who value compliance with their authority and set nonnegotiable standards for
their children's behavior are examples of ___ parenting, according to Baumrind
a. authoritative
b. authoritarian Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
c. permissive
d. neglectful
One of the major adjustments a child may experience following the divorce of parents is
to
a. siblings
b. transitions
c. relatives
d. synchronicity
Even after their divorced parents remarry, some children still believe their natural
parents will reunite. this belief is called
a. hopeful planning
b. wishful thinking
c. reconciliation fantasies
d. psychic cognition
Erikson called it the period of initiative versus guilt; that is, children recognize that they
make choices and are responsible for their behavior. plato referred to it as "a
constitutional government within them." freud thought that the superego, as "a
garrison in the conquered city of the id," is similar. to which developmental task of the
preschool years are they referring?
a. agency Answers available here https://bit.ly/3acCW9g
b. sense of self
c. mastery of aggression
d. self-control
Which of the following is an example of a 4 year old's concept of self?
a. i am a better swimmer than my brother
b. people like me because i play fair
c. i like to swim
d. i am better at drawing than at coloring
preschoolers tend to engage in sex-typed behaviors, such as boys playing with trucks
and girls playing with dolls, how do developmentalists explain this phenomenon?
a. males and females have inborn sex-typed tendencies
b. preschoolers are rewarded for exhibiting sex-typed behaviors
c. girls are more rigidly socialized to exhibit certain behaviors than are boys
d. preschoolers are developing concepts of gender constancy and role
The most common type of play during early childhood is ___ play
a. physical
b. unrestricted
c. social
d. pretend
Malnourished children in the united states tend to be obese, not thin, because
a. they consume a lot of junk food
b. they watch too much television
c. they eat too many packaged foods
d. all of the above
Boys of about ages 9 to 10 love to collect and sort baseball cards. which characteristic of
concrete thought contributes to this activity?
a. hierarchical classification skills
b. matrix classification skills
c. abstract thinking
d. set identity
To work with LEP students, many school systems are trying to decide between ESL
programs and
a. separate systems
b. bilingual education
c. native-born instructors
d. curricular insertion