The information collected from the field survey include 1) general information

regarding the socioeconomic features of the respondents 2) cropping pattern 3)

sources of irrigation 4) investment on wells and on failed wells 5) number of
irrigation structures 6) number of failed wells, 7) causes of well failures, 8) HP of
the pump, 9) hours of pumping 10) farmers responses in relation to declining
water yield in their wells, opinion towards electricity pricing 11) input-output
data for the principle crops grown under well irrigation and 12) problems
pertaining to well irrigation.

Well Density and Area per Well

Well density = Total wells of sample farmers /Total land holdings of all sample
farmers
Area per well = Total land holdings of all sample farmers /Total wells of sample
farmers
Yield of Irrigation Wells
The number of seconds required to fill a pot of known volume was recorded and
converted to gallons per hour.
Water Extracted per Annum per Well
Water extracted = (Average Number of days pumped in a year * Average
Number of
(in acre inches) hours pumped per day * yield of the bore wells in gallons)/22611
The division factor 22611 is used to convert from gallons to acre-inches.
Amortized Cost of Well
Amortized cost of borewell = Amortized cost of drilling cost + amortized pump
and conveyance cost + amortized cost of pump house
Amortd. drilling cost =[drilling cost at current prices * [(1+i)AL * i ] ÷ [(1+i)AL–1]
Where, AL = Average life of borewell (5, 15 and 15 years respectively for GW,
GW + canal and GW + tank regimes)
Amortized overhead cost = [Sum of compounded cost of overhead cost * [(1+i)
AL
* i] ÷ [(1+i) AL–1]
The working life of pump set, pump house, conveyance pipe etc. which are
under over head cost are assumed to be ten years.
Computation of Cost of Production
Gross returns = quantity of product * market price
Net returns = Gross return - total costs
Annual Cost of Irrigation
Annual irrigation cost = [The amortized cost of irrigation wells + amortized cost
(per acre) of conveyance structures + annual cost of repairs and maintenance
+electricity charges] / Area irrigated by well

Cost per Acre-Inch of Water Extracted

Cost per acre-inch = annual cost of irrigation
total volume of water extracted in acre-inches
Water Use in Each Crop
The water applied for a crop = (area irrigated * number of irrigations per crop *
duration of the crop * number of hours to irrigate per acre * average yield of the
well in GPH)/ 22611
Cost of Irrigation for Each Crop
Irrigation cost = water used for crop in acre-inches* cost per acre-inch of water
Net Returns and Output per Acre-Inch of Water Used for Different
Crops
Income per acre-inch of water used for the crop = Net income per acre of the
crop/ Total volume of water applied per acre of the crop
Output per acre-inch of water used for the crop = Output per acre of the crop/
Total volume of water applied per acre of the crop
Negative externality cost
The forced investments on deepening wells and or drilling of deeper wells and
the costs incurred on coping mechanisms in response to well failures and
scarcity of groundwater is treated as the cost of negative externality.
Economic Value of Water - Residual Imputation Method
TVP = (PK * QK) + (PL * QL) + (PR * QR) + (PW * QW)
By re arranging the terms to arrive at value of the water the following equation
was used.
PW= {TVP - [ (PK * QK) + (PL * QL) + (PR * QR) ] } / QW
Where,
PW = Shadow price of water.
TVP = Total value product
P and Q = Prices and quantities of the non-water factor inputs.
QW = Quantity of water used.
Estimation of Cost of Electricity on Pro-Rata Basis
Currently, the electricity is charged on flat-rate basis at the rate of Rs.300 per
hp (Horse Power) of the pump to lift groundwater for irrigation. It has been
estimated scientifically that one HP pump consumes 0.75 kwh's of energy per
hour. Based on this, energy consumption for the various pump capacities is
computed as follows:
Total energy consumed = (0.75) X (HP of the pump) X (number of days pumped

in a

year) X (number of hours pumped per day)

Socio-Economic Profile
Table 3: Socio-economic
indicators of the sample Canal + Tank+
GW
farmers in different water GW GW
regimes Particulars
1. Family size (no.) 6.00 7.00 7.00
2. Percentage of persons
working on farm 33.33 42.85 28.57
3. Education status (No of
years of Schooling) 8.00 7.00 7.00
4. Percentage of literates 81.00 83.00 89.00
5. Respondents age (years) 45.00 46.00 54.00
6. Gross irrigated area (acres) 6.24 4.99 5.61
7. Net irrigated area (acres) 6.22 4.95 4.94
8. Irrigation intensity (%) 100.32 100.80 113.56
9. Proportion of dry land (%) 27.00 26.00 39.00
10. Average land holdings
(acres) 8.49 6.70 8.08
11. Off-farm income 17566.0 34531.
(Rs./annum/acre) 28200.00 0 00
12. Net farm income 61767.0 14068
(Rs./annum/acre) 86123.00 0 7.00
13. Total income [10+11] 80333.0 17521
(Rs./annum) 114323.00 0 8.00
14. Share of off-farm income
in total income (%) 24.66 21.86 19.70

Cropping Pattern

Table 4: Cropping pattern followed across different water regimes

GW regime Canal + GW Tank +GW
Crops
Rain Irrigate Rain Irrigate Rain Irrigate
fed d fed d fed d

Annual
crops
 crop
s
Khar
if
JOWAR 3.8 3.4 1.4
Horsegram 5.6 1.3
Green gram 7 2.8 26.8 .7
Paddy
Blackgram