BOILER EFFICIENCY BY INDIRECT METHOD

COAL FIRED BOILER

Tabel
No. Nama Symbol Nilai Unit
1 Fuel firing rate 5599.17 kg/hr
2 Steam generation rate 21937.5 kg/hr
3 Steam pressure Psteam 43 kg/cm2 (g)
4 Steam temperature Tsteam 377 ℃
5 Feed water temperature Tfeedw 96 ℃
6 % CO2 in flue gas 14 %
7 % CO in flue gas 0.55 %
8 Average flue gas temperature Tf 190 ℃
9 Ambient temperature Ta 31 ℃
10 Humidity in ambient air 0.0204 kg/kg dry air
11 Surface temperature of boiler Ts 70 ℃
12 Wind velocity around the boiler Vm 3.5 m/s
13 Total surface area of boiler Atotal 90 m2
14 GCV of bottom ash GCV 800 kCal/kg
15 GCV of fly ash GCV 234 kCal/kg
16 Ratio of bottom ash to fly ash R 90 : 10
Fuel Analysis (in %)
17 Ash content in fuel A 8.63
18 Moisture in coal M 31.6
19 Carbon content C 41.65
20 Hydrogen content H2 20.413
21 Nitrogen content N2 1.6
22 Oxygen content O2 14.48
23 GCV of coal GCv 3501 kCal/kg
 BOILER EFFICIENCY BY INDIRECT METHO
No. Nama
1 Theoretical air required for complete combustion
2 Moles of N2
3 Moles of C
4 % CO2 at theoretical condition (CO2)t
5 Actual CO2 measured in flue gas (%CO2)a
6 % Excess air supplied (EA)
7 Actual mass of air supplied (AAS)

8 Mass of dry flue gas (m)

9 % Heat loss in dry flue gas (L1)

10 % Heat loss due to formation of water from H2 in fuel (L2)

11 % Heat loss due to moisture in fuel (L3)

12 % Heat loss due to moisture in air (L4)
13 % Heat loss due to partial conversion of C to CO (L5)
14 radiation effect
15 convection effect
16 % Heat loss due to radiation and convection
17 Total radiation and convection loss per hour
18 % radiation and convection loss (L6)
19 Amount of fly ash in 1kg of coal
20 Heat loss in fly ash
21 % Heat loss in fly ash (L7)
22 Amount of bottom ash in 1kg of coal
23 Heat loss in bottom ash
24 % Heat loss in bottom ash (L8)
25 Boiler efficiency by indirect method
 BOILER EFFICIENCY BY INDIRECT METHOD
Rumus Nilai
[(11.6xC) + {34.8x(H2-O2/8)} + (4.35XS)]/100 kg/kg of fuel [from fuel analysis] 11.305244
(Wt of N2 in theoritical air / Mol. wt of N2) + (Wt of N2 if fuel / Mol. Wt of N2)
Wt of C in fuel/Mol. Wt of C
Moles of C/(Moles of N2+Moles of C)

(7900x[(CO2%)t-(CO2%)a])/((CO2%)ax[100-(CO2%)t])
{1+EA/100} x theoretical air
Mass of CO2 + Mass of N2 content in the fuel + Mass of N2 in the combustion air
supplied + Mass of oxygen in flue gas
(m x Cp x (Tf-Ta))/ GCV of fuel x 100

(9 x H2 x {584+Cp(Tf-Ta)})/GCV of fuel x100

M x {584+Cp(Tf-Ta)}/GCV of fuel x100

(AAS x humidity x Cp x (Tf-Ta))/GCV of fuel x 100
((%COxC)/(%CO+(%CO2)a)) x (5744/GCV of fuel) x 100
0.548 x [(Ts/55.55)^4 - (Ta/55.55)^4]
1.957 x (Ts-Ta)^1.25 x sq.rt of [(196.85 Vm + 68.9) / 68.9]
radiation effect + convection effect
(L6) x total surface area
(Total radiation&convection loss per hour x 100)/ (GCV of fuel x fuel firing rate)
0.8 x % Ash content in fuel
Amount of fly ash in 1kg of coal x GCV of fly ash
Heat loss in fly ash x 100 / GCV of fuel
0.2 x % Ash content in fuel
Amount of fly ash in 1kg of coal x GCV of bottom ash
Heat loss in bottom ash x 100 / GCV of fuel
100-(L1+L2+L3+L4+L5+L6+L7+L8)
 Unit
kg/kg of coal
mol
mol
%
%
%
kg/kg of coal

kg/kg of coal

%
%
%
w/m2
w/m2
kcal/m2
kCal
%
kg
kCal/kg of coal
%
kg
kCal/kg of coal
%
%