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SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
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SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS)
Epidemiological approaches
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Identification and Analyzation:
• Study design
• Research domain
• Data collection
• Analytical techniques
STUDY DESIGN
• Results of epidemiological studies are available as Real time collection
• The first case of SARS was identified in Asia in Feb. 2003 where 8,098 people became ill and 774
died.
RESEARCH DOMAIN
• The first challenge for epidemiologists is to develop new surveillance and alert tools to detect in
real time.
• Identified more than 300 journal articles covering epidemiological research into the SARS
outbreak
• The researchers, analysis the descriptive epidemiological studies and investigate the
distribution of SARS.
• To compare the publication timelines of academic research articles with that of public health
information, they access to,
The MEDLINE database via PubMed
The Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index databases
In case of SARS, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report for the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
The Weekly Epidemiological Record and Bulletin of the WHO, and Canada Communicable
Disease Report for the Public Health Agency of Canada.
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
• A detailed analysis includes the study designs, and the information given by the authors on the
statistical, informatics, and quality-control methods.
• A data-collection grid was devised:
52%- case-management
16%- assessment of diagnostic tests
23%- Investigation and surveillance
19%- psychobehavioral studies.
6%- prevention and control.
AETIOLOGY OF SARS
• A novel coronavirus (SCoV ) is the aetiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
• Coronaviruses are characterized by their irregular shape and a crown-like appearance of their
outer envelope.
• An envelope shows the presence of glycoproteins in a lipid bilayer.
• Inside the envelope, there is a nucleocapsid, with the genetic material, positive strand single strand
RNA (+ssRNA), and a few enzymes.
• The detection of coronavirus viruses in small, live wild mammals in a retail market indicates a
route of interspecies transmission.
• Coronaviruses are classified as members of the order Nidovirales.
SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS)
Investigational approaches
Symptoms-
Hallmark symptoms-
• Cough
• Difficulty in breathing
• Fever greater then 100.4 degrees F
• Other breathing symptoms
Common symptoms -
• Chills and shaking
• Cough starts usually 2-3 days after other symptoms
• Fever
• Muscle aches
• Head aches
Less common symptoms-
• Antiviral medications(although how well they work for the SARS is unknown).
• The death rate from the SARS was 9 to 12 % of those that diagnosed. In people over
age 65, the death rate was higher than 50%. The illness was milder in younger
patients.
• Viruses in the coronavirus family are known for their ability to change (mutate) in
order to spread among humans.
SARS
REFRENCES
Reports and Articles-
• Anatomy of the Epidemiological Literature on the 2003 SARS Outbreaks in Hong Kong and
Toronto: A Time-Stratified Review
• Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals
inSouthern China.
Web sites-
• www.who.int/csr/sars/diagnosticstests/en
• Pennstatehershey.adams.com
• www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmedhealth/
• www.businesscontinuityinternational.com
• www2.hendrix.edu
• www.devicemag.com
• www.cnn.com
THANK YOU