Figure-3: Surma-Meghna river system.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-spatial-domain-for-testing-forecasting-skill-of-JASON-2-
altimetry-inside-Bangladesh_fig1_260518800

Climate and weather:

Bangaldesh lies under the hot and humid climate condition. Here have six season but we find
mainly four season. Surma Basin is situated northeastern part of Bangladesh. Our study place is
mixed with hilly region with flat areas. Shillong Massif stand north of our study area.So this
climate is control by this plate. Because of geological condition, Surma Basin falls under the
tropical to sub-tropical climate. The area is very much susceptible to heavy monsoonal rainfall
causing the periodic flood in the plains.
The climate of the area can be divided into three distinct season in a year they are summer,
monsoon and winter. The average range of annual temperature, humidity and rainfall of the area
ranges from 90℉-65℉
 Figure-5:Climate map of Bangladesh
https://www.thebangladesh.net/climate-map-of-bangladesh.html
Bangladesh is called the land of rivers or the Gift Rivers. Almost 300 rivers criss-crossed the
country.  The rainfall pattern of northeastern part of Bangladesh is changing along with the
discharge pattern of Surma River.As with rainfall, the river discharges show moderate year to
year variations that are related to the variability in rainfall. the rainfall in Sylhet has been reduced
from the time 1973 to 2016 which directly affects the discharge of Surma River. this result might
be the indication about the effect of climatic change in the local as well as global level.

Figure-4:Surma river
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40068-019-0156-y/figures/1
Vegetation in Surma Basin:
Soil of this area is mainly sandy. Soils of the area are gray silty clay loams(fig-5) and clay looms
on higher parts of that dry out seasonally and gray clays in the wet basin.
Thick vegetation characterizes this hilly area. Different types of trees can be found in this area.
Though rice is the principle crop of the area but bamboos are very common. The floodplain lands
and low lying area used for paddy cultivation(fig-6). Tea is very important cash crop of this area
and a series of tea gardens(fig-7) are situated in the hillocks and valleys from Jaflong to
Afifanager. Various types of seasonal vegetables are also cultivated in this region.

Figure-5:Bangladesh soil texture

 http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=File:SoilTexture.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tea_Garden_in_Jaflong_Sylhet_Bangladesh_05.JPG