LITERATURE REVIEW

Design and Fabrication of Air Intake for FSAE Race Car we referred various papers:
1. S S Sawant et al (2017) in this paper by using the trial and iterative method
the convergent and divergent angles are calculated. And weight reduction of
the system was also considered.
2. Singhal, A., & Parveen, M. (2013) it found that optimal solution to achieve
the maximum mass flow with minimal pull from the engine. From the data
gathered through the numerous simulations in Solid Works Flow Simulation,
optimized values for converging angle & diverging angle of the Ventures.
3. Shinde, P. A. (2014) In this paper performed analytical calculations based on
standard results to get minimum air flow rate and CFD tool is used to
calculate minimum pressure drop across the restrictor by varying converging
and diverging angles of venture.
4. Logan M. Shelagowski and Thomas A. Mahanak. In this paper
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow modeling software used analyze
and visualize fluid flow to Reached maximum flow, higher volume flow rate
(4.8 CFM on average), will create a more robust low- to mid-range torque, to
optimize engine performance
5. Rahul Puri et.al (2016) this studied the design process of the air intake and
exhaust system of the SAE Supra Race Car. Flow analysis for individual
components are carried out, and verified against performance simulations of
the entire engine system, followed by physical testing of several of the
components using a flow bench. They achieved the purpose of compensating
the pressure losses because of restrictor of 20 mm according to SAE rulebook
and ultimately the power losses of engine.
6. Sachin N Waghmare et.al (2016) in this paper optimizes the venture type of
restrictor included in the intake system as imposed in the FSAE rule. The
fluid flow through the intake was analyzed using CFD flow modeling
software. In this research paper, it is found that converging angle of 12 degree
and diverging angle 6 degree gives minimum pressure drop at the exit of
expansion cone.
7. Shubham Raj et.al (2016) In this paper it was purposed that Venturi type
design to allow maximum possible rate to the engine from 20 mm restrictor
 buy difference in pressure across Venturi Analytical calculations are done
based on to get maximum mass flow rate and CFD calculate minimum
pressure drop across the varying converging and diverging angles of be
observed from CFD results that for diverging angle of 14 degrees and 6
degrees minimum pressure drop can beachieved.8. Oh Yide& Andre (2012)
in this paper create a foundation of knowledge on which to build the next
generation of air intake systems. Computational Fluid Dynamics software,
aid the design process through virtual simulations, including data
acquisition and analysis of design variations for better information on the
effects without cycling through the manufacturing and assembly processes.
8. Kaushal Kishor (2015) The author approached for designing, analyzing and
manufacturing of air intake and exhaust system is discussed for prototype model of
a Formula style car with the locally available resources in hand as per the rules
specified by the two major student level events organized in India. Design was
analyzed in CAD software (SOLIDWORKS) It also gives a brief introduction to
the flow simulation of the designed models.
9. HONG Han-chi et.al (2012) In this paper Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
flow modeling software used analyze and visualize fluid flow to Reached
maximum flow, higher volume flow rate will create a more robust low- to mid-
range torque, to optimize engine performance1- Dimensional software GT-Power
was applied to simulate the engine performance. The parameters including the
sphere style plenum diameter, the intake runner diameter, exhaust runner lengths
and the position of retractor were optimized via a combination of the 1-
Dimensional simulation and an orthogonal L9 (34) testing design.
10. Brogan Ryland’s and et.al in his paper “3D Printing - To print or not to print?
Aspects to consider before adoption - A supply chain perspective” has concluded that
there is much complexity around 3D printing, which brings about the need to
essentially reengineer value streams. It is a collaborative attempt across the whole
organization and there are many aspects to be considered, stemming not only from a
business and technical perspective but also social and environmental aspects that
require consideration. This paper provided an overview of what 3D printing is,
examples of industries that it is currently deployed in, how it can influence supply
chains and aspects for consideration before adoption. It highlighted the need for
increased awareness and collaboration in the area and future challenges and
 opportunities. However, how does a company prepare for such a change? How does it
educate itself? How can the fire for 3D printing be sparked in industry? When is the
right time to adopt 3D printing? What additional aspects are managers currently
considering when facing the 3D adoption challenge? Are all aspects of equally
important or can even some aspects be disregarded? How has 3D printing impacted on
manufacturing and the wider supply chain today? How will 3D printing impact
manufacturing and the wider supply chain in future? How well is Australia positioned
when compared to their international counterparts in regards to 3D printing? How
does 3D supply chain costing compare with traditional manufacturing supply chain
costing? How mature does your supply chain need to be in order to deploy 3D
technology meaningfully and harvest its benefits?
It is expected that this research will contribute to academia/ theory and practice. A
conceptual model or framework incorporating major aspects to be considered for
businesses before pursuing 3D printing has been developed that will need to be
verified through case study/ field research in industry. It is further expected that
businesses will benefit from the model through informed and improved decision
making prior to deploying such cutting-edge technology on their production line.
11. Alexandru Pirjan Dana-Mihaela Petroşanu in his journal “The impact of 3D
Printing technology on the society and economy” concluded in this paper, we have
presented and analyzed the impact of 3D printing technology on the society and
economy. After presenting, in the introduction, a brief history of 3D printing, in the
second section we have depicted the additive technology and the materials used in
rapid prototyping. In the third section, we have highlighted the main advantages and
limitations of the 3D printing technology, while in the fourth section we have made a
survey of the most significant existing 3D printing solutions. We have compared these
3D printing solutions, taking into account their technical specifications and prices.
One can conclude that the 3-D printing technology’s importance and social impact
increase gradually day after day and significantly influence the human’s life, the
economy and modern society.
12. Vinod G. Gokhare and et.al in his paper titled “A Review paper on 3D-Printing
Aspects and Various Processes Used in the 3D-Printing” conclude that Introduction
part is about the brief history of 3D printing, in the next section we have depicted the
3D-printing and the processes used in 3D-printing and the properties of the 3Dprinter
materials. In the third section, we have highlighted the main advantages and
 limitations of the 3D printing technology. One can conclude that the 3-D printing
technology's importance and social impact increase gradually day by day and
influence the human's life, the economy, and modern society. 3D Printing technology
could revolutionize the world. Advances in 3D printing technology can significantly
change and improve the way we manufacture products and produce goods worldwide.
An object is scanned or designed with Computer Aided Design software, then sliced
up into thin layers, which can then be printed out to form a solid three-dimensional
product. As shown, 3D printing can have an application in almost all of the categories
of human needs as described by Maslow. While it may not fill an empty unloved
heart, it will provide companies and individuals fast and easy manufacturing in any
size or scale limited only by their imagination. 3D printing, on the other hand, can
enable fast, reliable, and repeatable means of producing tailor-made products which
can still be made inexpensively due to automation of processes and distribution of
manufacturing needs.
13. Thabiso Peter Mpofu and et.al from his journal paper titled “The Impact and
Application of 3D Printing Technology” concluded that The 3D printing industry is
set on a growth trajectory as evidenced by the growth forecasts. The applications of
3D printing are increasing as more and more research is carried out. 3D printing will
change the way people acquire products as evidenced by the Amazon proposed
model. The field is definitely a game changer with lots of prospects to look out for.
14. Baljinder Singh Shahi in his paper titled “Advanced Manufacturing Techniques (3D
Printing)” concluded that Additive manufacturing, starting with today's infancy
period, requires manufacturing firms to be flexible, ever-improving users of all
available technologies to remain competitive. Advocates of additive manufacturing
also predict that this arc of technological development will counter globalization, as
end users will do much of their own manufacturing rather than engage in trade to buy
products from other people and corporations. The real integration of the new additive
technologies into commercial production, however, is more a matter of
complementing traditional subtractive methods rather than displacing them entirely.

REFERENCES
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Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering London.
2. Logan M. Shelagowski and Thomas A. Mahanak. Formula SAE intake restrictor
Design and Performance. Saginaw Valley State University.
3. Kaushal Kishor, “Design and Fabrication of Intake and Exhaust Manifold of a
Prototype Race Car”, Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute Of
Technology, Rourkela, India.
4. FSAE rule book 2020.
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Formula SAE Race Car through 1D & Coupled 1D/3D Analysis Methods”, SAE 2006
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“International Journal for Science and Research in Technology (IJSART).
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December 2018.
16. https://tmg-muenchen.de/training-course/11/Additive-Manufacturing?flang=en.
17. https://wohlerassociates.com/additive manufacturing.html.
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19. https://3dvz.com/3D-granular-binding.
20. https://All3dp.com/2/stereolithography-3d-printing-simply-explained.
21. https://Livescience.com/40310-laminated-object-manufacturing.html.
22. Brogan Rylands, 3D Printing - To print or not to print? Aspects to consider before
adoption - A supply chain perspective in the year 2015.
23. ALEXANDER Pirjan and Dane-Mihaela Petrosanu, The impact of 3D Printing
technology n the society and economy.
24. Vinod G. Gokhare, A review paper on 3D Printing aspects and various processes used
in 3D-Printing, volume 6, issue 6 in June 2017, ISSN 2278-0181.
25. Thabijo Peter Mpofu, The impact and application of 3D Printing technology, Volume
3, issue 6 in June 2014, ISSN 2319-7064.
26. Baljinder Singh Shahi, Advanced Manufacturing Techniques(3D Printing), volume 4,
issue 4 in 2016, ISSN 2320-2092.