Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Fuel system, description 230 Service Information 10/13/2011
Profile:
ART, A40F (37535) [GB]

Fuel system, description

The fuel system has two sides; a suction side and a pressure side.
The fuel cools the electronic engine control unit via a circuit on the suction side. Then the fuel is filtered by the prefilter.
Fuel for the exhaust aftertreatment system is taken from the suction side.
On the pressure side, the fuel is filtered by the main filter and then injected into the cylinders by unit injectors. One injector per
cylinder.
For information about other systems that affect the fuel system:

{ 254 Exhaust Aftertreatment System, description

Figure 1
Fuel system

Pink Low pressure

Red Fuel feed pressure
White Bleed channel
Dashed Wiring
black

1. Fuel feed pump

2. Fuel tank
3. Fuel injector no. 1 (MA2301)
4. Fuel injector no. 2 (MA2302)
 5. Fuel injector no. 3 (MA2303)
6. Fuel injector no. 4 (MA2304)
7. Fuel injector no. 5 (MA2305)
8. Fuel injector no. 6 (MA2306)
9. Overflow valve
10. Bleed valve
11. Electronic engine control unit (E-ECU)
12. Fuel feed sensor (SE2301)
13. Prefilter
14. Water trap
15. Water-in-fuel sensor (SE2302)
16. Main filter
17. Fuel filter housing
18. Fuel system interface
19. Fuel for aftertreatment system — only machines equipped with Diesel Particulate Filter

The fuel is drawn by the fuel feed pump through a strainer in the tank to the fuel filter housing where it passes through a non-
return valve and through the prefilter with a water trap. By way of the fuel system's interface it then flows through the cooling
circuit, which cools the electronic engine control unit (E-ECU). After the cooling circuit, the fuel is mixed with the return fuel from
the cylinder head.
The return fuel from the cylinder head's fuel rail flows via the overflow valve and on to the fuel feed pump.
Then the fuel feed pump sends pressurized fuel through the fuel system's interface to the fuel filter housing and through the
main filter. Via the fuel system's interface, the fuel then flows up to the fuel rail in the cylinder head. This rail supplies each unit
injector with fuel by way of a ring-shaped channel around each injector in the cylinder head. The overflow valve controls the fuel
feed pressure to the injectors.
The fuel from the bleed valve on the cylinder head's fuel rail is led via the fuel system's interface back to the fuel tank.
Unit injectors

Figure 2

A. Pump section
B. Actuator section
C. Injection section

1. Yoke
 2. Sleeve
3. Connector for solenoids

Fuel injection takes place with unit injectors, one for each cylinder, at high pressure. The high injector pressure is created
mechanically via the overhead camshaft and rocker arms. The fuel amount and injection timing are controlled electronically by
the E-ECU.
The unit injectors are of type E3 with two solenoid valves for more precise injection.
The injector is placed in the middle of the cylinder and is held in place by a yoke. The injection section is separated from the
coolant by a sleeve.
The overflow valve on the cylinder head controls the pressure in the low pressure system, which supplies fuel to the unit injectors
and cools them at the same time. The overflow valve has a built-in bleed valve for the fuel system.
Fuel filter

Figure 3

1. Filter housing
2. Fuel feed sensor (SE2301)
3. Pressure checking point, fuel pressure
4. Hand pump
5. Prefilter
6. Water-in-fuel sensor (SE2302/FX1005)
7. Water drain valve
8. Water trap
9. Main filter
10. Bleed valve

Prefilter
The prefilter filters the fuel before it passes through the feed pump. Inside the prefilter there is a water trap and a non-return
valve. The non-return valve prevents the fuel from running back to the tank when the engine is off, or when pumping by hand.
There is a level sensor in the water trap that is monitored by the E-ECU. A message will be shown to the operator when it is time
to drain the system. Draining is performed manually by opening the water drain valve.
Main filter
The main filter filters the fuel after it has passed through the fuel feed pump.
The fuel feed sensor in the fuel filter housing measures the feed pressure after the fuel filter.
The fuel filter housing also has a built-in bleed valve. The fuel system is vented automatically when the engine starts. Any air in
the system flows, together with a small amount of fuel, back to the tank through a pipe.
Fuel pump

Figure 4
Fuel feed pump

1. Safety valve
2. Non-return valve

The fuel pump is of the gear type and is driven mechanically by the engine's timing gear.
There are two valves in the fuel feed pump. The safety valve allows the fuel to flow back to the suction side when the pressure
becomes too high, e.g., when the fuel filter is clogged. The non-return valve opens when the manual fuel pump is used, so that it
is easier to pump the fuel by hand.
The hand pump is used to pump fuel into the system if the system has been drained, and a non-return valve prevents fuel from
running back to the tank when the engine is off.
Parameters
There are no parameters for this function.
Supplementary information

{ 200 VCADS Pro, Operations

{ 230 Fuel system, components

Function check

{ 23016-3 Cylinder balancing, test

{ 23017-3 Feed pressure, inspection

Diagnostics
Detailed information about the following relevant warnings and error codes is available under the diagnostics tab.

Component Control unit Message ID

MA2301 MID128 SID1
MA2302 MID128 SID2
MA2303 MID128 SID3
MA2304 MID128 SID4
MA2305 MID128 SID5
MA2306 MID128 SID6
SE2301 MID128 PID94
SE2302/FX1005 MID128 PID97
SE2303 MID187 PID96