Transient Response

Prof. S.Y.Sawant
 Necessity of Transient Analysis
• System Response

• Transient Response
• Steady State Response

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 Necessity of Transient Analysis
• Transient Response

1. When system begins to response.

2. Time taken by system to reach output first time.
3. Output is stable or oscillating about its final value.
4. When output settles at final value

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 Necessity of Transient Analysis
• Steady State Response

1. What time system take to reach steady state.

2. Error in output.

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Different Inputs to Control Systems

Impulse Input

Step Input
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Different Inputs to Control Systems

Ramp Input

Parabolic Input

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First Order Control System
Inputs-
1.Step- Lift
2.Impulse- Loudspeaker,
radar, broadband connection
3.Ramp-Velocity, current
4. Parabolic-acceleration

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Impulse Response to First Order System

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 Plot of response

Sr.No. t c(t)
1 T 1.71
2 2T 0.71
3 3T -0.28
4 4T -1.28
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Unit Step Response for First Order System

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Unit Step Response for First Order System

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Unit Step Response for First Order System

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Plot of Step Response

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Ramp Response of First Order System

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Plot of ramp response

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Inverse Laplace Transorm

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Inverse Laplace Transorm

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 Inverse Laplace Transorm
Real and Unequal Roots

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 Inverse Laplace Transorm
Repeated roots

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Repeated roots practice problem

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 Inverse Laplace Transorm
Complex and Conjugate roots

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Inverse Laplace Transorm

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Inverse Laplace Transorm

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Inverse Laplace Transorm

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Complex conjugate roots practice
problem

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Complex conjugate roots practice
problem

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Practice

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Impulse response to Second Order System

• Case –I
• ξ > 1 roots are real and distinct---system
Overdamped

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 Analysis of Second Order System

• Damping Ratio(ξ)-Amount of Damping(oppose

to change)is expressed in terms of damping
ration.(ξ max…..opposition to change Max).
• Natural Frequency:-
• When ξ is zero there is no oppose to
oscillation of the system so system oscillates
with maximum frequency which is called
natural frequency ωn.

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Second Order Mechanical System

F=(MD2+BD+K)x
Laplace form,
F(S) = MS2X(S)+BSX(S)+KX(S),
Therefore,

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Comparison with standard second order
system

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 Various values of damping ratio

• ξ > 1 roots are real and distinct---system

Overdamped
• ξ = 1 roots are real and Equal---system
Critically damped.
• ξ < 1 roots are complex ---system
Underdamped.

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 Impulse Response of Second order System
Case-I System is over damped
ζ>1

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 Case –II
ξ < 1 roots are complex ---system Underdamped

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 Case-III System is Critically damped ζ = 1

Case-IV System is freely oscillating ζ = 0

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Plot of Response for various values of
zeta

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 Unit Step Response of Second Order
System
• Case-I
• ξ > 1 roots are real and distinct---system
Overdamped

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 Unit Step Response of Second Order
System
• Case-II
• ξ =1 roots are real and equal---system critically
damped

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 Unit Step Response of Second Order
System
• Case-III
• ξ <1 roots are Complex and conjugate--system
underdamped

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Problems

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Transient Response Specifications

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