Computing for Test Statistics

for Population Mean

STATISTICAL TESTS
CONCERNING MEANS
Variance/standard
Z-test deviation is known
Variance/standard
t-test
deviation is unknown
One-sample mean z-test

The one-sample mean z-test is used when 𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎. This is a test-statistic for the mean of a population which
aims to compare the mean of the sample and the mean of the population. This is also used when the population is
assumed to be approximately normally distributed and the standard deviation of the population is known. By the
Central Limit Theorem, the formula for one-sample mean z-test is

𝒙−𝝁
𝒛= 𝝈
𝒏
One-sample mean z-test
The one-sample mean t-test is used when 𝒏 < 𝟑𝟎. Similar to z-test, this is a test-statistic that is used to
determine the difference between the mean of the sample and the mean of the population. A random sample is
selected from the population and then the mean of the sample is compared to the mean of the population. A
statistical decision is then made as to whether or not the mean of the sample is different from the mean of the
population. In Chapter 4(estimation of parameters), you have already encountered the t-distribution and how to
obtain the critical value of t using the table for t-distribution.

When the sample size is less than 30 and the standard deviation of the population is not given, the
formula to compare the mean of the sample with the mean of the population is as follows:

𝒙−𝝁
𝒕= 𝒔
𝒏
Example no. 1
A random sample of 12 babies born in a charity
ward of Cee Family Hospital was taken with their
weights (in kg) recorded as follows:
2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.2 3.0
Assuming that this sample came from a normal
population. Investigate the claim that the mean
weight is greater than 2.5kg. The population
standard deviation is 0.2kg. Use the level of
significance 𝛼 = 0.05.
1. H0 : μ = 2.5 2. Statistical test: z-test
H1 : μ > 2.5 3. Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.05
4. Decision Rule: Reject H0 if z > 1.645
Do not reject H0 if z ≤ 1.645
5. Computations
2.3 + 2.4 + 2.4 + 2.5 + 2.6 + 2.5 + 2.8 + 2.4 + 2.7 + 2.3 + 2.2 + 3
𝑥=
12
𝑥 = 2.5083
𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎 𝟐. 𝟓𝟎𝟖𝟑 − 𝟐. 𝟓
𝒛= 𝝈 𝒛= = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟖
𝟎. 𝟐
𝒏 𝟏𝟐
 6. Decision: Since z = 0.1438 is less than
the critical value zα = 1.645, the test
statistic is not in the critical region. Thus,
we decide not to reject the H0.
7. Interpretation: At 5% level of
significance, there is not enough evidence
to support the claim that the mean weight
of the babies in the charity ward is greater
than 2.5kg.
A tutorial center claims that students who avail
of their services get an average score of 500 on
a scholastic aptitude test with a standard
deviation of 15. The scores of a random sample
of 8 students were recorded as follows:
600, 475, 525,450,550,400,575,375. use the level
of significance 0.01 to test whether or not the
average of 500 is too high of a claim.
The X Last Company has developed a new
battery. The engineering department of the
company claims that each battery lasts for
200 minutes. In order to test this claim, the
company selects a random sample of 100
new batteries so that this sample has a mean
of 190 minutes with a standard deviation of
30 minutes. Test the engineering
department’s claim that the new batteries
run with an average of 200 minutes. Use a
0.01 level of significance.
1. H0 : μ = 200 2. Statistical test: z-test
H1 : μ ≠ 200 3. Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.01
4. Decision Rule: Reject H0 if -2.575 > z > 2.575
Do not reject H0 if -2.575 ≤ z ≤ 2.575
5. Computations
𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎 𝟏𝟗𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒛= 𝝈 𝒛= = −𝟑. 𝟑𝟑
𝟑𝟎
𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟎
6. Decision: Since z = -3.33 is less than the
critical value -zα = -2.575, the test statistic
is clearly in the critical region. Thus, we
decide to reject the H0.
7. Interpretation: Therefore, the new
batteries run without an average of 200
minutes
A college conducted a study on the number
of hours students claim to study per week.
The school’s student governor said that it is 28
hours per week. If 80 students in the college
were surveyed and their average is 27.3 hours
per week with a standard deviation of 4.1
hours, is there sufficient evidence to reject
the student governor’s claim at 5% level of
significance.
T-TEST
𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎
𝒕= 𝒔
𝒏
Example no. 1
A Government agency is investigating a complaint
from some concerned citizens who said that there is
short-weight selling of rice in a certain town. An
agent manufacturer said that there is short-weight
selling of rice in a certain town. An agent
manufacturer took a sample random of 20 sacks of
"50-kilo" sacks of rice from a large shipment and finds
that the mean weight is 49.7 kg with a standard
deviation of 0.35kg. Is this a sufficient evidence of
short weighing at 0.01 level of significance?
1. H0 : μ = 50 2. Statistical test: t-test
H1 : μ < 50 3. Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.01
4. Decision Rule: Reject H0 if z < -2.539
Do not reject H0 if z ≥ -2.539

5. Computations
𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎 𝟒𝟗. 𝟕 − 𝟓𝟎
𝒕= 𝒔 𝒛= = −𝟑. 𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟐
𝟎. 𝟑𝟓
𝒏 𝟐𝟎
 6. Decision: Since t = -3.8332 is less than
the critical value tα = -2.539, the test
statistic is clearly in the critical region.
Thus, we decide to reject the H0.
7. Interpretation: Therefore, the sacks of
rice from an agent manufacturer is
short-weighing.
Therefore, the sacks of rice from an agent
manufacturer is less than 50kg.
A sports trainer wants to know whether the
true average time of his athletes who do 100-
meter sprint is 98 seconds. He recorded 18
trials of his team and found that the average
time is 98.2 seconds with a standard
deviation of 0.4 second. Is there sufficient
evidence to reject the null hypothesis if μ=98
seconds at the 0.05 level of significance?
 1. H0 : μ = 98 2. Statistical test: t-test
H1 : μ ≠ 98 3. Level of significance: 𝛼 = 0.05
4. Decision Rule: Reject H0 if -2.11 > t > 2.11
Do not reject H0 if -2.11 ≤ t ≤ 2.11
df = 18 -1 = 17, then a/2 = 0.05/2 = 0.025 (we need to divide it by two because it is two-tailed).
So, look for df 16 and align it with 0.025, which gives us 2.10982, that is why we have 2.11. +2.11 and
-2.11, dahil nga two-tailed. 

5. Computations
𝒙 − 𝝁𝟎 𝟗𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟗𝟖
𝒕= 𝒔 𝒕= = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟑
𝟎. 𝟒
𝒏 𝟏𝟖
6. Decision: Since t = 2.1213 is greater
than the critical value tα = 2.11, the test
statistic is clearly in the critical region.
Thus, we decide to reject the H0.

7. Interpretation: Therefore, the team’s

average time is not equal to 98
seconds.