Advance Research Method Final Project Report

Knowledge Hiding as a Barrier to Thriving: The Mediating Role of

Psychological Safety and Moderating Role of Organizational Cynicism

Class/Section MBA 1.5 Weekend

Name of Teacher: Miss Ayesha
Student Name: Jamal Arif

Knowledge Hiding as a Barrier to Thriving: The Mediating Role of

Psychological Safety and Moderating Role of Organizational Cynicism

Section 1

• Write down the research question that you think the researchers were interested in
answering. What were the research objectives?

Answer: The main research question which the researcher wanted to answer is “How
Knowledge hiding in organization constraints employees growth. ” The main objective of the
research was to determine if knowledge hiders struggle to thrive at work and knowledge
hiding has a harmful effect on the knowledge hider.

• What Kind of study was undertaken? & why?

Answer: IT was a cross sectional survey of 214 Chinese participants from a general
working population, Second study was conducted to verify the result of the previous
study by using Two-Wave data collected from 392 working adults. This research is
undertake because it is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population,
 or a illustrative data.

• What research design has been adopted? Qualitative or Quantitative?

Answer: The research Design being adopted by the researcher is quantitative. Because
article has numerical data.

• What research methodology was used? E.g. whether the researcher employed an
experiment or quasi experiment: survey or case study or action research?

Answer: It was a Cross-sectional survey because the researcher used new sample of
people to verify the first survey. Same sample or data is used in Lognitudinal Studies.

• What was/were the hypothesis? Were they One tailed or Two tailed?

Answer: “Knowledge hiding is more likely to affect thriving at work by reducing

psychological safety under higher levels of Organizational Cynicism as compared to
lower levels of Organizational Cynicism.” This is a two tail hypothesis.

• What were the conceptual variables used? How were they operationalized? Why
were these variables chosen for analysis? How many dependent and independent
variables are there?

Answer: There are four main variables used in this articles which are " Knowledge
Hiding, Organizational Cynicism, Psychological safety & Thriving." Knowledge hiding
is independent variable, Thriving is dependent variable, Psychological safety is mediator
and organizational cynicism is moderator. There is 1 dependent and 1 independent
variable in research article.

• Describe the population and the sampling techniques used by the researcher, & the
reason for adopting the same.

Answer: Population used for this research includes full-time workers recruited through
Prolific, a U.K based research crowdsourcing service that recruits participants across
Europe and North America from all occupational and industry areas. Researcher used
Stratified sampling because population is divided into subgroups that all share similar
 characteristics. It is used when the measurement of interest may vary between the
different subgroups.

• How and what sort of data has this research generated?

Answer: Data was generated by selecting full-time workers recruited in first study and
employees of the Chinese organizations in second study. The data used in study is cross-
sectional single source data.

• What type of scale was used to measure the variables?

Answer: Given that the model included both moderator and mediator, Hayes (2013)
process macrocode for SPSS with 5000 bootstrap samples were tested and used to
test the hypothesis.

• Which type of test was used parametric or Non-Parametric & why?

Answer: Parametric test was used in the study as they relied on statistical distributions in
the data. Parametric test makes assumptions about the parameters of the population
distribution from which the data is drawn.

• Examine the results section, and make a list of as many different statistics as you
can identify and state them under “Descriptive statistics” – “Inferential statistics”
respectively. Why were the particular tests used?

Answer: Following Descriptive statistics were identified.

• Gender
• Age
• Education
• Organizational tenure
• Knowledge hiding
 • Psychological safety
• Thriving
• How did the researcher ensure various forms of validity and reliability?

Answer: To ensure validity and reliability researcher checked consistency of research

through compelling evidence.

• How many research articles, books or reports were used for reference? Write at
least two of each references (of all kinds if available) in the style used at L.B.S, UOL.

Answer: 84 books, Research articles and Reports are used for the reference.
• Miller,D.T., & Ross, M.-H.R.(2002). Principles and practice in reporting
structural equation analysis. Pshycological Methods, 7(1)
• Hayes,A.F. (2013) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional
process analysis: A regression-based approach

Section 2

• Summarize the chosen research Articles.

Answer: In Study 1a, a cross-sectional review of 214 Chinese people from a general working individuals
fortified the mediating role of psychological safety in the Knowledge hiding and thriving relationship.
Concentrate 1b certified this outcome utilizing two-wave information aggregated from 392 working
grown-ups in a board that enlisted people by and large in Europe and North America The examination
explores the individual results of knowledge‐hiding conduct As per examine it shows that individuals
who conceal knowledge are the person who are less to have a sense of security and accordingly are less
inclined to thrive at work. The intervened relationship is dynamically outstanding right when employees
are progressively cynical toward their Organizations. The article further discussions about the knowledge
hiding by propelling the understanding of how and when Knowledge hiders retrain themselves from
achieving positive outcomes. To start with, in uncovering working condition thriving which shows that
how person face issues in accomplishing positive result or to convey what needs be being as knowledge
hider which keep down to take any attention on their assignment. knowledge hider can affect
individuals' psychological states, for instance, psychological safety and work condition thriving. The self-
recognition is the thing that individual watches themselves what's more, induce them from perception
about their conduct and thus the mental conduct consequently immediate and singular execution.
Secondly, the exploration centers around the representative mental well being through which the
knowledge hiding stops thriving.As the first to expand on and broadend self‐perception theory with
regards to knowledge hiding, this research gives a one of a kind knowledge to clarify the psychological
outcomes of knowledge‐hiding behavior to the knowledge hider. Strikingly, the research recommends
that in light of the fact that information hiders may encounter a decreased degree of psychological
safety.Thirdly, this research tells how cynicism effect the knowledge hiding on psychological safety.
Organizational cynicism shows the negative effects for organization.The moderated mediation framework
shows comprehension of how the information hiding to individual results is conditional on workers'
frames of mind toward the organization. It further shows that knowledge hiding and organizational
cynicism on mental wellbeing can be additionally stretched out to thriving .

Section 3

• Critically analyze the article and try to find the gaps.

Answer: Following are gaps in the article:

• The Literature has neglected the psychological outcomes and thus does not offer a
fuller understanding of the negative effects of knowledge hiding on the knowledge
hiders themselves.
• Literature has neglected the empirical account of the mechanism that explains why or
how those effects are present.
• Prior Studies Knowledge hiding have paid exclusive attention to contextual
moderators characterized by competition, support and jib characteristics.

• What further area (if any) of research has the researcher identified?

Answer: Researcher can’t search anything out of the context of the article.

• Given the opportunity, how would you improve the research? E.g. what would have
been your hypothesis? What variables would you have selected and why? Can you
come up with alternative operationalization’s for these same variables? What sort of
population and sampling would you have adopted? What tests would you have used
and why?
 Answer: The reasearch can be imporved by including more factors like the education &
marital status of the employees

Hypothesis: “Knowledge hiding is more likely to reduce growth at work through

reducing psychological safety under higher levels of organizational cynicism.”

We will add more variables in the research and use simple random sampling.

• Justify all your alternatives.

Answer: In Study 1a, a cross-sectional audit of 214 Chinese individuals from a general
working people reinforced the intervening activity of mental security in the data
concealing and thriving relationship. Concentrate 1b affirmed this result using two-wave
data accumulated from 392 working adults in a board that enrolled individuals generally
in Europe and North America. Despite avoiding the mediating with a two-wave field
study coordinated among 205 specialists in three Chinese affiliations, Study 2 maintained
the coordinating activity of various leveled cynicism. Specifically, the negative effect of
data showing endlessly on mental prosperity was increasingly conspicuous under
progressively raised leveled doubt, like circumlocutory effect of data concealing on
thriving by methods for mental security.