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AfriKelp ®
How does it work?
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Active Principle
Seaweed Concentrates (SWC) contain
Correct Dosage
Correct Timing > Best Effect
Plant Hormones
Plant hormones (PH) play the essential role in controlling the way
in which plants grow and develop. They regulate the speed of
the growth of the individual parts and integrate these parts to
produce the final form of the plant.
Auxin
Action in
the Roots
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Auxin / Cytokinin
Ratio Effect
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Ecklonia maxima is
extremely high in
Auxins but very low in
Cytokinins
and
therefore has one of the
highest Auxin /
Cytokinin ratios of all
existing plants.
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Mode of Action
250%
200% 193%
200% 162%
182%
150%
153%
124%
150%
100%
100%
100%
100%
50%
50%
0% 0%
H20/30 mins 2%/10 mins 10%/10 mins 10%/30 mins H20/30 mins 2%/10 mins 10%/10 mins 10%/30 mins
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
350
Treatments + 15% + 14%
300
Products Dosages + 7%
Control 250
AfriKelp® before flowering 4 l / ha
200
AfriKelp® during flowering 4 l / ha
Control AfriKelp® before AfriKelp® during AfriKelp® AfriKelp®
AfriKelp® at fruitset 4 l / ha flowering flowering at fruitset at 25 mm fruit size
AfriKelp® at 25 mm fruit size 4 l / ha
No. Fruits in 72 mm Category
150
Conclusion:
140
All Afrikelp© treatments increased the number of fruits per tree
130
considerably.
120
+ 34%
The best result was achieved with the treatment of 4 L AK/ha 110
sprayed before flowering. Even though this treatment moved + 20%
100
the number of fruits to the bigger categories, it still produced + 11%
+ 7%
34% more fruits in the preferred marketable size category of 72 90
mm fruit size due to the enormous increase of the total number 80
of fruits per tree by 66%. 70
60
Control Before Flowering After Flowering Fruit Set 25 mm Fruit Size
Reference: Data on file
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
AfriKelp Control
AfriKelp Control
Reference: Data on file
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Effects
2) An early application of AfriKelp® during flowering and early fruit set will
increase the number of flowers turning into fruits.
3) A later application directed at the fruits will increase berry and fruit size.
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Consistency
- AfriKelp® :
GC MS analysis of each batch
(versus bio-assay) at
independent lab in Germany
- Standardisation of Auxin
content in each batch based
on correct Auxin (IAA) analysis
in the concentrate!!!
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Quality Control
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Summary
AfriKelp®
That’s how it works!
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
AfriKelp®
That’s how it works!
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Auxin
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main auxin in most plants
(Key) effects:
• Cell enlargement
• Root initiation
• Tropistic responses (gravity and light)
• Apical dominance
• Fruit setting and growth
• Delay of fruit ripening
• Promotion of flowering
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Auxin
Action in
the Roots
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Auxin
Action in
the Roots
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Auxin
Action in
the Fruits Activation of expansins
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Gibberellins
A family of compounds (136 members). Most widely available is
GA3 (gibberellic acid), which is a fungal product. Most effective
for cell elongation in plants is GA1.
(Key) effects:
• Stem growth (hyperelongation of stems) > tall plants
• Induction of seed germination (instead of cold or light)
• Fruit setting and growth (with exogenous application)
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Cytokinins
Cytokinins (CKs) are adenine derivates with the ability to induce cell
division in tissues in the presence of auxin.
(Key) effects:
• Cell division – in tissues after exogenous application in the
presence of auxin, endogenous in gall tumors on plants.
Present in actively dividing cells
• Growth of lateral buds
• Leaf extension by cell enlargement – adjustment of total leaf
area to growth of root system
• Delay of leaf senescence
• Enhancement of stomata opening (in some species)
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Ethylene
Ethylene (C2H4) is synthesized from methionine in many tissues in
response to stress, and is the fruit ripening hormone. In
particular, it is synthesized in tissues undergoing ripening or
senescence.
(Key) effects:
• Fruit ripening
• Flower opening and senescence (as well as leaves)
• Leaf and fruit abscission
• Adventitious root stimulation
• Stimulation of defense responses to injury or disease
• Release from dormancy
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
(Key) effects:
• Stomatal closure
• Inhibition of shoot growth
• Induction of storage protein synthesis in seeds
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Jasmonates:
play important role in plant defense (against insects), inhibit growth
and seed germination
Signal peptides:
involved in many plant processes (growth, defense, cell fate,..)
Florigen:
initiation of flowering
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
• Development stage
• Stress factors: Salt, Oxidation, Cold, Drought
• Gravity
• Light
• Other Hormones
• Feedback
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
AfriKelp Technical Plant Hormones
Active Principles
However, as SWCs are diluted before application, these
nutrients are applied at low concentrations relative to the crops
requirements and cannot account for the improved growth
(Blunden 1977, Verkleij (1992)).