Name: Khawaja Ahsan Ijaz ID: 7052

Class Activity
Q: in context of above article, critically analyze the four important goal of public policy to
counter COVID-19?

Ans: In context with article the first point is limit the infection and mortality through social
distancing. Social distancing is when people of Pakistan are creating a distance in his working or
meeting with the people. Distancing creates with the awareness campaigns from the government
that educate how to limit the infection. Second goal is to create our hospitals very well equipped
and running for the patients of other dieses because other patients are also important for the state
but in current scenario the government is unable to cater the patients of other diseases. Third
policy goal is the economic downfall that arises reduces the prices of oil prices due to the world
oil prices decreases already but oversee the scenario not to reduce the prices of oil and increases
its revenue and increases the support program for the health sector and low income people.
Fourth and the final goal is to create a vaccine of the corona virus but in recent time government
is unable to make a decision to issue the funds on making of vaccine and in review of world
health organization this virus is very vastly spread in the world and according to WHO there is a
simple solution of this virus is to lock down their country and create a quarantine for the infected
people that is the best way adopted china and china is very successful in reducing the cases of
virus.

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Assessment Questions:
Q: how discount factor play a critical role in cost benefit analysis?

Ans: firstly discount factor is decimal no. multiplied by cash flow value to discount it back the
present value discount factor is increase over time as the effect of compounding the dsiciunt rate
build over time. Main point of discount factor is to see the present value of each individual cash
flow. In this context discount factor is played a vital or integral part of cost and benefit analysis
because high discount factor gives a low value to benefit which accrue after a long periods and in
results giving more attention to interest of future generation. Discount factor is also played a vital
role in cost and benefit analysis is when the discount factor is low means the net present value of
a project is positive and that project is attainable or this project if give a more benefit to the
company and cost and benefit analysis is when company have to get more benefit from the
project and flourished.

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Q: In which way, multi-objective model can help for decision making in public sector?

Ans: public sector is part of country`s economy that is composed of both public service and
public enterprises public sector includes public goods and government services of all that. Multi-
objective model is a decision making technique useful in a situation in which moral goals or
when one or two goals cannot be quantified. Multi-objective model is very help in public sector
for the decision of projects that are making in public sector organizations because public sector
are government organization that are work on the behalf of public and deliver the work to public
so in multi objective model there is a few steps for taking a decisions

1st is to select the evaluation criteria.

2nd is to decide whether criteria is most important and selected it.

3rd is to access every alternatives in term of how well it achieves the criteria.

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Q: Which Strategy is more reliable to identify best alternative option in public sector in
context of gain or loss factor?

Ans : strategies that are uses in public sector are very reliable because every strategy formulation
is in mind to choose the best alternatives option that are gain factor for the public sector
organizations. Strategies in context of cost and benefit analysis, multi-objective model or other
models that are used for identifying the alternative options and obtains a gain in public sector
organizations. In my opinion cost and benefit anaylsis is very reliable because it find the cost
and benefits of a project and obtain that project gives high benefits.
Q: What are the basic steps of system analysis and what are the main objectives of
simulation?

Ans : system analysis is the process of studying a procedure or business in order to identify its
goals & purpose, create systems and procedures that will achieve them in an efficient way.

System analysis is more a mosaic than a specific analytical technique and what makes up this
mosaic. System analysis contains four steps which are as follows:

1. Problem formulation.
2. Modeling.
3. Analysis and optimization.
4. Implementation.

Simulation is the imitation or representation of one act or system by another.in context of health
care system simulation contains four main points 1) education. 2) Assessment. 3) Research. 4)
Healthcare system.

Simulation contains few steps:

1. Write a Problem Statement

2. Select Input Variables and Entities
3. Make Constraints on Decision Variables
4. Determine Output Variables
5. Collect Data from Real-Life System
6. Model Development
7. Select Simulation Software
8. Model Verification
9. Model Experimentation & Optimization
10. Implementation of Simulation Results.

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Q: After cost benefit analysis, how goals can effectively translated into measurable
indicators?

Ans: when the cost and benefit analysis of project is done and the manager of a firm is to
measure the cost and the benefit of a project. Selection of a project is based on the analysis and
the measureable indicators are the profit of that project, positive npv, more beenfits of project
and other indicator that are measureable for the project that are more beneficial for the firm`s
project.

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