Demonstration Dr.

MAHAM SADDIQUE
EDU-516
Method Teaching of Biology
 DEFINITION

• “Demonstration is a method of teaching by

exhibition and explanation or experiments”.
• Demonstration is method of presentation of skill
which shows how a particular procedure is
performed.
• Demonstration increases interest of students and
persuades them to adapt recommended practices.
VERBAL EXPLANATION +
LIVE DISPLAY/ USE OF APPARATUS
= DEMONSTRATION
 Principles
• Learning by doing maximum is followed.
• Skill can be developed by limitation.
• The perception helps in imitation.
PRINCIPLES
& Purposes
• To acquire knowledge and skill
PURPOSES • To develop attitude
• To retain and able to use the achieved
skill.
• To demonstrate experiment or
procedure.
TECHNIQUE OF
DEMONSTRATION

• The demonstration involve three steps as follows:-

 PLANNING
 PERFORMING
 EVALUATION
 PLANNING DEMONSTRATION

1. The demonstrator/s must be well-selected.

2. The materials are easily available.
3. Get ready with the equipment and tools to be used
4. The demonstrator must try the activity several times before the
real demonstrations for a smooth sequencing of the steps as
well as accuracy of the result.
5. The observers must be prepared and motivated.
Cont…

6. The demonstrator must be ready with on- the-spot revision/s.

7. Arrange the observers around the demonstration area or at a distance
where they will be able to observe fully what is going on.
8. Pointers or questions may be given to focus students’ attention and
avoid irrelevant observations.
9. Student participation in demonstration of procedure.
10. Checklist related to steps of demonstration, so that it can be
checked that procedure is performed in a proper way.
PERFORMING

Performance technique means performance of the demonstration by

teacher. During performing or implementing the demonstration
teacher should use positive approach and should exhibit a co-
ordination of head, heart and hand.
The step of performing demonstration
1. The teacher should proceed from whole to parts, by briefly
explaining the whole procedure, then to individual steps.
2. Explain about each article in relation to its name, purpose and
how to use in the procedure.
 CONT…

3. Make sure that each step in performed in a way, which is

understandable by the student and also explain the
scientific principles associated with each step.
4. In between the demonstration procedure, ask questions
and encourage the students to seek clarification.
5. On completion of procedure, talk about summary, then
replace articles, and wash hand.
EVALUATION

1. The teacher should adapt evaluation technique to ensure that

student have learned the skill appropriately. This is done by
taking return demonstration and comparing the steps of
procedures with the planned set criteria of procedure.
2. Allow some questions.
3. An examination of the observed data and all information
recorded follows.
4. Have an analysis of trends, patterns or uniform occurrences
that can help in arriving at a conclusion.
ADVANTAGES
1. Demonstration method illustrate the co- ordination and develop
psychomotor skills.
2. The demonstration method follows a systematic procedure.
3. The use of expensive equipment and machines will be maximized.
4. Possible wastage of time, effort and resources will be avoided since the
demonstration is supposed to be well- planned in advance.
5. It will not result to trial and error learning
6. The findings are reliable and accurate since the procedure has been tried
before.
7. The value of confidence is developed among the demonstrators for such
hands-on demonstration.
8. Curiosity and keen observing ability are instilled among the observers.
9. Help teacher to evaluate the student’s response.
DISADVANTAGES

1. Practice may be limited due to cost of supplies and equipment's.

2. Increased faculty workload involved in supervision of students
practices time.
3. Limited to small group
4. High instructor/student ratio require 10:1
5. There might have a scarcity of audio-visual aids and equipment's .
6. Only the attention of the learners is invited towards the activity
demonstrated. They are not free to discuss about it. So demonstration
should be followed by discussion.
Common Errors in
Demonstration Method

• Equipment may not be ready for use.

• Teacher may talk too much which will
mask the enthusiasm of the students.
• Teacher may not have allowed sufficient time for
recording of data.
 POSITIVE NEGTIVE

-students learn faster -time consuming

-learning becomes more stimulating -communication barriers

-there is immediate application of -becomes a failure when there is a

learning great number of students

-the teacher gets to instantly see -needs a very skilled instructor

and correct the mistakes of
students
CONCLUSION

The demonstration method is based on the principal

of “learning by doing”. It is useful in demonstrating
scientific experiments, procedures and application of
equipment.