 The concept of Diaspora Entrepreneurship is similar to immigrant entrepreneurship.

But

there is a difference. The diaspora entrepreneurship is formed by migrants, having close

ties with the country of origin. This means that they have been involved in

entrepreneurial activities in their native country as well. (This is just for knowledge as

Diaspora has been mentioned in the thesis)

 What is Organisational Emergence?

There are several different definitions of organisational emergence, as stated by several experts.

In the words of Gartner, organisational emergence is the fixed procedure of functioning to make

an organisation/business better and successful day by day. On the other hand, Fletcher considers

the organisational emergence as the process via which the ideas and visions of an enterprise are

executed.

 Who are Nascent Entrepreneurs?

The individuals who are involved in the meaningful/goal-oriented actions to set-up a

business/organisation based on their ideas and visions are termed as Nascent Entrepreneurs. The

nascent entrepreneurs bring together resources during the emergence and engage in activities that

will eventually differentiate the enterprise as a separate part from the individuals who started it.

 What is an immigrant?
An immigrant is an individual residing in a nation other than his/her native land. Even if the

individual has been granted a citizenship of the migrant nation, married a native, or served in the

military, he/she will be always considered as an international migrant.

 What is a business start-up?

A startup company, or simply a startup, is an entrepreneurial venture in its early stages of

operations typically aimed at resolving a real life issue with an innovative product or service.

A startup is a young company founded by one or more entrepreneurs in order to develop a

unique product or service and bring it to market. By its nature, the typical startup tends to be a

shoestring operation, with initial funding from the founders or their families.

 Difference between entrepreneurship and self-employment

 In self-employment, a person run whole business whereas in entrepreneurship, a

person is the owner of business and one or more persons do job under him. The owner is

called entrepreneur. The ability and knowledge of a self-employed person is the

product/service of the business.

 Self-employment-When one works for himself. Maybe as a contractor or running your

business. Entrepreneurship-Process of setting up a business, taking on financial risk, in

hope of getting profits in return

 What are business start-up issues?

 Time restraints

 Lack of proper planning

 Lack of funding (the topmost challenge/issue)

  Need to assimilate culturally

 Competition from similar start-up ventures

 Dearth of local language expertise

 Dearth of legal procedures and policies

 Conceptual model/ Explanation of the hypothesis

There are two variables considered:

(H1, H2, H3, H4, H5- The H refers to the Hypothesis)

1. Independent variables

 Need to Assimilate =H1

(Incorporating into a new culture affects migrant entrepreneurial settings)

 Approach to Entrepreneurship =H2

(The access to the private business aids in the business actions of the individual

certainly impacts emigrant entrepreneurial settings)

 Overwhelmed Clogged Movement =H3

(The immigrants have problems in retrieving the employment marketplace for

several causes. Entrepreneurship can be a technique out of this joblessness.

Thus, Overwhelmed Clogged Movement has a positive effect on immigrant

entrepreneurial settings)

 Specific Hurdles =H4

(The migrant entrepreneurs have restricted social investment, for example,

qualified network and friends in The Netherlands. Moreover, they don’t possess

good credit scores. Thus, the economic enterprises might not respond positively
 to the start-up capital request, even if the business concept is excellent. There

are business rules and regulations, a new language, culture, which is different

from India posing as specific hurdles causing disastrous impact on the

immigrant entrepreneurial setting. The impact can be disastrous as the hurdles

won’t allow the business to flourish. )

 Official Experiments=H5

(Immigrant entrepreneurs undertaking risks and institutional trials and

experiments can impact the entrepreneurial setting. This can have a negative

effect as the business might not be successful owing to the hurdles that the

immigrant entrepreneurs face.)

2. Dependent variable

 Immigrant Entrepreneurial Concentrating

(The Immigrant Entrepreneurial Concentrating is the number of Indian migrants

in The Netherlands thinking to start their business/enterprise/start-up rather than

finding a job somewhere.)

The independent variables are the cause of any changes in the immigrant entrepreneurial setting.

The dependent variable is the outcome itself that comes into effect. The hypothesis states the

presumed relationship between two variables (independent and dependent)  in a way that can be

tested with empirical data of the research. It takes the form of a cause-effect statement. The cause

is called the independent variables and the effect is called the dependent variable.

 Enlighten us/discuss about your central research question.

How do Indian immigrants in The Netherlands deal successfully with business obstacles

during the emergence stage of their new businesses in the Dutch market?

Establishing a new business can be risky as well as challenging for every individual

endeavouring to set up a business in another nation. Organisational emergence and establishment

of businesses by the immigrants are likely to face more challenges and hurdles compared to the

locals when it comes to networking, financing, global market expansion, public sector support,

etc. The probability of failure increases due to various factors such as new Dutch government

regulations, communication style and language differences, cultural nuance differences,

findingreliable partners, inability to compete with other similar local businesses or a lack of

interest from the public in the business’s offerings.

Detailed explanation of the challenges the immigrant entrepreneurs face:

Lack of proper funds in the initial stage

This research discloses that immigrant business people face more trials than those born and

brought up in The Netherlands. Finding investment to start a business is the biggest hurdle faced.

Meanwhile, they lack strong credit, security and assurance, it is not so calm to acquire monetary

provision from banks and other organisations. The respondents who participated had used the

investment from their funds and loaned out from friends and families to start their business.

Lack of proper Dutch language expertise

The next main challenge for the majority of the participants has been the lack of language

abilities. The lack of Dutch language expertise has been a major obstacle for the immigrant
Indian business startup entrepreneurs. Out of the eleven respondents, there are only two of them

who are fluent in the native language, and it has helped them to start their business without many

hassles.

Weak networking and distrust from local people

Another hurdle for the migrant businessmen/women is that they don’t seek helpers in the form of

families, schoolmates. Seeking help from others is one of the vital social steps to begin a new

business. All the respondents in this research, agree that the natives distrust and doubt them at

the start of the business.

Lack of understanding of rules and regulations

This research also specifies that the Indian immigrant business people lack the understanding of

The Netherlands' regulation, rules, and tax policy scheme to run a business enterprise. The

official procedure linked to the tax regulations, and necessities for starting a startup is also a trial

for them. In this situation, the lack of Dutch language expertise seems to be one of the central

issues.

How are they dealing with the challenges/hurdles?- Recommendations/ Resolutions:

Understanding of the Dutch Language

The current research that the lack of knowledge of the Dutch language is the primary hurdle for

immigrants during their entrepreneurship. They make a loss since there is no language expertise.

Thus, it becomes essential that the immigrant entrepreneurs seek training in the Dutch language

so that communication becomes easier and smooth with the local customers and the relevant

Dutch officials.
Integrating with the local customers in The Netherlands

The majority of the businesses that are set up by the immigrants belong to the service area,

including the restaurant, and the cleaning companies. Furthermore, in the initial business stage,

they also depend on a very limited network to carry out their business. This limits their

developmental space. Hence, the immigrant businessmen and women need to investigate the

current Dutch market, get in touch with local customers, realise the actual requirements of the

Dutch customers and cater to their services in a customized manner. When the immigrant

entrepreneurs meet the demands of the local customers effectively, they are gaining the trust and

the support from the local people.

Understanding the laws and regulations of the Netherlands

Government regulations play an important role within this sector as businesses need to be

constantly monitored as well as a proper audit needs to occur within the facts that the business is

being run in a clear context. This means that abiding by the rules provided by the government

will be leading in the realization that all the requirements need to be understood as well as to be

properly applied. Failing to abide by the policies will result in penalties and lawsuits. Hence, the

immigrant entrepreneurs must understand the policies and regulations of the country to start a

business.

 What is your take on the Government of The Netherlands helping the immigrants to set

up their business?/ How can the government help?/What steps the government must

implement?
  By presenting especially the personalized services for migrant businessmen and women,

for example, figures on national changes or interpreted methods, the Chamber of

Commerce could help immigrants overwhelmed with such official challenges.

 Moreover, currently its services and website is only presented in a restricted number of

languages. The government can play its part in the inclusion as well, and the options have

not shown any reference to free business.

 In the courses lies an opportunity for vouching and informing on immigrant

entrepreneurship. This is mainly applicable to the course Orientation on the Dutch

Labour market, which is mandatory for all immigrants, and apt for rendering factual

information and tools required for flourishing entrepreneurship.

 Based on governmental policies and legislation, the Indian migrants should face no

hurdles while starting a new organisation. There is indeed a rise in the migrant

entrepreneurs, but are still limited.

 My research suggests that The Netherlands doesn’t support immigrant entrepreneurship

completely. If there is a change in the policy changes, both the migrant incorporation and

the business set-up would benefit.

(This section includes to the point content) (Delta program is not included in the thesis paper-just

an added info)

If your new business provides value to the public and community in The Netherlands, more

likely you are eligible to apply for subsidies or grants from government or private institutions.

The support comes in different forms:

 Subsidized loans

 Tax reduction business facilities

  Allowances

 Subsidized expenses

For the immigrant start-up founders The Netherlands have started Startup Delta program, which

focuses on creating the largest start-up eco-system in Europe. This initiative connects innovative

hubs based in 8 Dutch cities:

 Amsterdam – creative industry for mobile apps and internet services

 Rotterdam – logistics, environmental, medical, energy and food technologies

 Utrecht – gaming, life sciences and health projects

 Groningen – natural, technical and medical sciences

 Arnhem and Nijmegen – health and life sciences

 Delft – universities in design and IT, engineering, computer science and

biotechnology

 Twente – nanotechnology, bioscience, high-tech systems and materials

 The Hague – cyber security, forensics, big data analysis and urban security.

 What are the limitations/challenges/hurdles you have faced while conducting the

study?

1. Limited time frame

2. Several immigrants were ready to help but were not familiar to take part in the

research survey questionnaire frequently.

 3. Moreover, many migrants have never taken part in any research survey earlier and

are not aware to share their opinions. This is one of the reasons, the majority of the

people were not ready or not comfortable to give their view.

4. Some participants are also found to leave one or two questions without any answer,

resulting in incomplete or absent information.

 How did you collect data?

There are two categories of data collection that I have applied:

 The first part was focused on collecting data from secondary sources which would

include acquiring data from already written research papers and other forms of literature.

In order to get the descriptive and statistical details, different topics on the subject will be

evaluated. (Why considered as secondary data?- This is because the researcher, i.e., me

didn’t collect the data first-hand, it is thereby considered to be a secondary source data).

 The second part was acquiring the data through primary sources which included

obtaining the raw data. It has been made possible with questionnaires and surveys that

was completed by the respondents. (Why considered as primary data? - It is treated as a

primary data since the researcher, i.e., me collected the data).

 The data collected was in the form of raw-answered questionnaires, which was then be

compiled into statistical data by using various tools(MS Excel, Pictograms, graphical

presentation) to study the data in a more organised and comprehensive manner.

  The population for the surveys are people from different cities of India residing in The

Netherlands. They were asked about the problems that they had faced during the

emergence of their career.

 Furthermore, the data collection analysed on a five-point Likert Scale (A type of

psychometric response scale in which responders specify their level of agreement to a

statement typically in five points: (1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree

nor disagree; (4) Agree; (5) Strongly agree.)

 How did you select your respondents/interviewees?

In total, 20 members have filled in the paper questionnaire. But, unfortunately, some of them

replied the first few questions and then skipped to the later ones. So, they have been left out of

the survey. Furthermore, some have left one or more questions without giving answers, which

indicates absent information. After removing this data, 11 members continued. Out of the total

of 30 questionnaire forms distributed, finally, only 11 participants responded and filled in the

survey form completely.

 What approach have you undertaken in order to conduct the research?/ Why did you opt

for Quantitative approach and Why? (Do you think Qualitative approach would have

been a better approach?-No, I believe using quantitative approach for my study has been

apt one. The reasons are given)

Because of the statistical nature, the quantitative approach is considered as the apt one, and better

than the qualitative research approach. The approach stresses the objective and numerical

analysis of collected data via surveys, polls, questionnaires, and influencing the already existing

data with the aid of the computational method.

 What makes your study a quantitative approach?

 I have clearly defined the central research question and answered the question.

 Before the data is collected, the prospects of the study are designed carefully.

 The data is in the form of statics, and figures and expressed in the form of charts and

tables and other non-textual formats.

 I have made use of questionnaires, polls, and surveys and computer software to acquire

numerical data.

 Have you considered ethics while conducting your research/Ethical consideration?

Yes, absolutely, I have considered ethics while conducting the research. I have ensured that the

investigation has been carried out using the appropriate methods and norms of ethics. The data

collection has been made through ethical means, and none of the respondents was forced for

participation. Similarly, the data have been discarded after performing the process of research

and have not been violated.

  Tell us about your survey outcome/Survey results

The survey was positively responded by a total of eleven participants who took the time out to

fill out the information and answer to the questions asked. In the beginning, the response rate

turned out to be quite low. In the beginning, there were hardly five or six participants who

responded. Probably the response rate has been low mainly because the majority of the

participants believed that the questions asked were too personal, even though they could fill in

the survey form anonymously. After ten days, a reminder mail was sent to the respondents who

didn’t fill in the survey form. In the reminder mail, the participants were asked to reconsider

answering the survey questions. Candidates who were still not interested in filling the survey

were requested to cite reasons. In case, the participants responded with the same reason for no

interest, it could be considered to be a vital data. After the reminder mail, the response increased

to eleven immigrant business people who filled in the survey. Several respondents gave a reason

for not filling the survey, mostly claiming for the time constraint and no real motive behind the

survey.

 What is the outcome of your research?

By interviewing and survey form filling the eleven immigrant entrepreneurs, I found out the

following:
  More than 75% of the respondents are within their forties, which means that they are

young entrepreneurs.

 They have been in The Netherlands not less than one year.

 One of the prime reasons for emigrating to The Netherlands is higher education.

 Two respondents are studying in Amsterdam

 The reason for immigrant entrepreneurship in The Netherlands has been job loss in the

country, and the eagerness to make money, and stay in The Netherlands for better

standards of living.

 Starting with a business provides good opportunities as The Netherlands government has

started providing support to immigrant entrepreneurs.

 Out of the eleven respondents, two participants are proficient in the Dutch language,

while the rest of the participants cannot speak or understand the language at all.

 Four respondents have encountered a lack of confidence from the local Dutch people

while starting their business. The scenario is a little better with those immigrant business

people who have at least some proficiency in the Dutch language. But, there is no doubt

to the fact that all the eleven respondents have experienced some kind of issues related to

confidence and transparency from the locals.

 Usually, the capital for their businesses comes from their savings, family and friend

support.

 Out of the eleven respondents, there has been only one person who has participated in the

entrepreneurship training. The others have not shown any kind of positive response in

seeking the help of the government in the process of entrepreneurship.

There were some more outcomes of the study/research

  Entrepreneurship was considered as an excellent career option

 Having a family history of business in the native land has been one of the driving force

for starting a business in a different country.

 The immigrants demand for flexibility in work which is possible by starting their own

business.

 There were immigrant employees who were not satisfied with their current jobs and their

bosses.

 Research Objectives

 This research will carry out an analysis of the difficulties faced by immigrants while

establishing their business in a global ambience.

 This research will aim at providing a complete overview of the problems faced by the

immigrants when they want to establish their new organisation in The Netherlands.

 It would begin by identifying the issues faced by entrepreneurs and then move to the ones

that any immigrant would face .

 The study would aim at examining how the business startup rules and regulations in The

Netherlands may affect people who are not natives.

 The immigration laws would also have an impact on the study as the immigrants would

be greatly affected by them.

Thus, the study would aim at combining the immigration laws and organisational emergence

laws and find out the common problems that would then be faced.
  Purpose of the Study

The study is descriptive as it would aim at describing the issues faced by the immigrants in

starting up their new venture in The Netherlands. The study would not create descriptions as to

why those problems would be faced instead would only give descriptions of all the possible

problems that immigrant Indian entrepreneurs would face in starting up a new venture in The

Netherlands. The study could also provide possible solutions to the challenges in the future.

Please read the Executive Summary thoroughly