Utilization of slate powder into value added product: As a Filler

Megha Kasliwal 1 , Dr.Kanjan Upadhyay 2,

1. Student of Chemical Engineering M.Tech, Ujjain Engineering

College, Ujjain (M.P.), 456010, India

2. Professor of Chemical Engineering Faculty, Ujjain Engineering

College, Ujjain (M.P.), 456010, India

Abstract

Keywords: One decisive problem in mining is stone which generate enormous

amount of slate waste powder that powerfully effects on the
Slate pencil industry,
environment. During slate mining, extraction, cutting, polishing
industrial waste,
procedures large amount of slate waste is generated and this paper
environmental issues
describe the possibilities to utilize the slate powder into value
added product as a filler. In this project studied the slurry were
produced by mixing slate powder with different concentrations in
water. The slate powder were characterized by pore size of filter
paper no 30 and 41, opacity characteristics, draining characteristics
with respect to time and volume, different concentrations of slate
powder. The slate powder particle size adhere the porous surface
of filter paper and this characteristic shows the accumulation of
porous structure by slate powder and the opaque characteristics of
filter paper. It is determined and used for lab investigations and for
field tests. It is shown that the slate powder is accumulated in the
pores of filter paper and also shows the opacity. The result shows
that the slate powder has the potential to be used as filler for all
types of organic material such as blotting paper, writing paper,
printing paper etc.

1. Introduction huge amount of waste slate powder requires a large

Slate pencil industries produced large amount of
slate powder as a waste from the polishing, cutting,
mining etc procedures. Out of so many slate
industries one is slate pencil industry in Mandsaur
district of Madhya Pradesh in India. Disposal of
the slate waste powder is one biggest
environmental problem around the world. Such a
area to dump. Dumped powder is entrained in the
air and causes severe problems on land creatures
and in water bodies. The slate powder adversely
affects the animal kingdom, mankind and
environment. Hence the restate of wastage material
has to be emphasized, to convert in useful material
low cost, reduction disposal and pollution
problems due to generation of slate waste.
The main objective in this study was to check There were 3 different concentration of slate powder are
the draining characteristics of slate powder of mixed with water with different Whattmann Filter paper
different concentration which is accumulated in no 41 and 30 included in the study area.
the pores of filter paper and to check the opaque
characteristics. This characteristic indicates that 1. Data Collection, Instruments and Procedures
the slate powder has potential to be used as filler Quantitative data was collected using the questionnaires
for all types of organic materials. and the chemical analysis of the dust samples collected.
A substantial work completed on the use of slate Slate powder was collected from the Mandsaur district
waste powder as total filler for the preparation of in Madhya Pradesh. An Analytical Digital Balance was
bricks, mortars, tiles, compacting concrete and used to measure the weight of the slate powder,
cement concrete. The purpose of application of slate additives and filter paper no 30 and 41.
waste cutting and polishing in the cementation 2. Sample Labeling
system is to improve the characteristics of fresh and
rigid material. With proper grading, the result of high Samples were labeled for ease of identification. Filter
packing density leads to stability issues, abrasive paper were used and affixed on the filter paper at the
resistance, leads to penetration of chloride ion by point and time of collection. The details on the labels
formation of mechanical properties and thick micro included unique sample number, sample point, sample
structure with a lack of coefficient of friction type, date and time of collection. The slate powder was
resistance. studied by batch technique. Different Doses of
Concentration of Slate Powder (10%, 20% and 30%)
The key problem associated with slate waste their were studied. The general method used for this study is
disposal and treatment are analyzed briefly in the described as below:
section below. The main objective of this article is to
utilize the slate powder and converted it into valuable I. Take the filter paper with different pore size no 30
product used as filler. Finally some recent and 41
improvements based on the utilization of slate waste
are briefly discussed. II. After that 100ml of simple water is taken

2. Material and Methodology
This paper discusses the study area, research design,
sampling design, data collection methods and
instruments and analysis techniques. The study area
is considered in terms of location, climate, geology
and socio- economic activities. The research adopted
a descriptive research design using quantitative
methods to collect the data. The descriptive research
design describes the characteristics of the variables in
the study. In this chapter methods used for the
removal of pollution load have been investigated by
seeing the pouring characteristics of slate powder
with water and also to check the porosity, draining
characteristics, volume of filtrate, weight percent of
slate powder and opaque characteristics.
3. General Procedure
III. Take 10%, 20% and 30% of slate powder in 100ml
of simple water and make slurry.
IV. Than slurry is passes from the filter paper no of 30
and 41 which shows the porosity characteristics of filter
paper.
V. The data is collected as specified volume versus time
to find the draining characteristics.
VI. The draining characteristics shows that the porosity
of filter paper.
VII. Than the filter paper is to be dried at normal
temperature for half day. It shows that the slate powder
particle accumulated the porous surface of filter paper.
VIII. When the filter paper is dried removed the cake of
slate powder.

IX. It shows that how much pores of filter paper is filled

X. Take 50ml simple water and passes it from the parameters studied include draining characteristics with
filter paper. respect to time and volume. This chapter presents the
results of the study, which have been discussed under
XI. After passing the simple water again it shows that thematic areas and sub- sections in line with the
90% accumulation of pores of filter paper is filled research objectives. The thematic areas include the
and it is moving towards the opaque characteristics. different concentration of slate powder i.e. 10%, 20%
4. Detection Method and 30% to shows the opaque characteristics of slate
powder with filter paper no 30 and 41.
The slate powder was studied by batch technique.
The general method used for this study is described Slate powder (10%) ,water (100ml) and Filter
as below: Paper no.30

A known weight of slate powder (i.e. 10%, 20% and Table no 5.1 time v/s volume of slate powder (10%),
30%) was equilibrated with 100ml of simple water water (100ml)
for each sample at a normal temperature with known 1 4 7
volume. After equilibration, 100 ml sample collected time( 9 4 9 11 15 22 32 38
in measuring cylinder, in volume of 10 ml to 100ml, sec) 0 5 3 5 61 84 46 01 52
the slurry of slate powder was separated from
solution by filtration by using WhattMann filter paper Vol 1 2 3
no. 30 and 41. (ml) 0 0 0 0 40 50 60 70 74
The effect of several parameters such as porosity of
filter paper, draining characteristics, volume of
filtrate, weight percent of slate powder and opaque
characteristics. The result of these studies was used to
obtain draining characteristics of slate powder with
water and different number of filter paper size.

The result shows that it fills the pores of filter paper

and then accumulates 90% porous structure by the
slate powder and it is moving towards the opaque
characteristics.

There are two operation used during the experiment

to check the behavior of slate powder with water:
Graph 5.1 Draining/ pouring characteristics graph (slate
 In the first operation check the settling
powder 10% by weight and 100 ml simple water)
characteristic of slate powder with water. It is
noted that accumulation of 90% of the porous Discussion: As shown from the graph 5.1 it is observed
structure by slate powder. that it is nonlinear in nature. As the filtrate collected
 In the second operation to check the was not turbid. Throughout the experimental work it
remaining porous characteristic of filter paperremains approximately water white. The change in
after the removal of cake with water. The characteristics from linear to nonlinear is due to the
result shows that slate powder has the accumulation of slate powder particle size ranging
potential to be used as filler in paper industry.
between 20-25µm. that adheres to the porous surface of
filter paper. From the curve it is noted that for a
5. Result and Discussion specified volume of slurry collection there is an increase
in draining time. This may due to gradual deposition of
This section presents the results obtained from batch slate powder in the pores of the filter paper.It may be
studies of slate powder in the form of fillers. The
due to the accumulation of 90% of the porous Slate powder (30%) , water (100ml) and Filter
structure by slate powder. Hence this type of Paper no.30
characteristics indicates that slate powder has the
potential to be used as fillers in all types of organic Table no. 5.3 time v/s volume of slate powder (30%),
material like writing paper, printing paper, blotting water (100ml)
paper etc.
time(sec) 0 370 858 1497 2185 3173 4220 7102

Slate powder (20%) ,water (100ml) and Filter Vol (ml) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Paper no.30

Table no. 5.2 time v/s volume of slate powder (20%),

water (100ml)

time(sec) 0 243 652 1180 1713 2339 3140 4691

Vol (ml) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Graph 5.3 Draining/ pouring characteristics graph

(slate powder 30% by weight and 100 ml simple water)

Discussion: As shown from the graph 5.3 it is observed

that the amount of water collected or drained is
proportional to time. It shows the porous characteristics
of filter paper with 30% slate powder from 0 to
2185sec. From 2185 sec to 4220 sec it shows that the
Graph 5.2 Draining/ pouring characteristics graph 90% accumulation of slate powder adheres the porous
surface of filter paper and it is moving towards the
(slate powder 20% by weight and 100 ml simple opacity which means it complete fills the pores of filter
water) paper.
Discussion: As shown from the graph 6.2 it is Slate powder(10%) , water (100ml) and Filter
observed that the curve showing non linearity than Paper no. 41
linearity and then again non linearity with linearity
105 152 208 235 312 385 Table no.5.4 time v/s volume of slate powder (10%),
time(sec) 0 223 603 7 8 4 9 2 2 water (100ml)
Vol (ml) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 74

which says that change in characteristics of slate

powder with water. It shows that for a specified
volume of slurry collection slate powder gradually
deposited in the pores of the filter paper. From the
curve it is noted that with the increasing slate powder
percentage of water, it accumulates 90% of the
porous structure. As observed in the last reading of
the table where large amount of time is required for
10ml of the sample i.e. 1500sec. It may be due to it is
moving towards the opacity.
Graph 5.4 Draining/ pouring characteristics graph (slate powder 20% by weight and 100 ml simple water)

(slate powder 10% by weight and 100 ml simple Discussion : As shown from the graph 5.5 it is observed
water) that it is slightly nonlinear in nature. The change in
characteristics from nonlinear to linear is due to the
Discussion: As shown from the graph 5.4 it is accumulation of slate powder paticle that adheres to the
observed that it is non linear in nature. As the filterate porous surface of filter paper moves towards the
collected was not turbid. Throughout the opacity. Filter paper no 41 achieved this type of
experimental work it remains approximately water property in 20% of slate powder but filter paper no 30
white. The change in characteristics from linear to has achieved this type of property in 10% of slate
non linear is due to the accumulation of slate powder powder already.From the curve it is noted that up to
paticle size ranging between 20-25µm. that adheres to 20ml of volume it is in transient zone means 90%
the porous surface of filter paper. From the curve it is accumulation of slate powder at the surface of filter
noted that for a specified volume of slurry collection paper has been done.Afterthat it is moving towards the
there is an increase in draining time. This may due to opacity it means it completely filled the pores of filter
gradual deposition of slate powder in the pores of the paper.Hence this type of characteristics indicates that
filter paper. As observed in the last two reading of the slate powder has the potential to be used as fillers in all
table where large amount of time is required for 10ml types of organic material like writing paper, printing
of the sample i.e. 730 sec. It may be due to the paper, blotting paper etc.
accumulation of 90% of the porous structure by slate
powder. Hence this type of characteristics indicates Slate powder(30%) , water(100ml) and Filter
that slate powder has the potential to be used as fillers Paper no. 41
in all types of organic material like writing paper,
printing paper, blotting paper etc. Table no.5.6 time v/s volume of slate powder (30%),
water (100ml)
Slate powder (20%), water (100ml) and Filter
Paper no. 41 time(sec) 0 397 941 1710 2257 3005 4063 6135
vol(ml) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Table no.5.5 time v/s volume of slate powder (20%),
water (100ml)
time(sec
) 0 194 732 1501 2339 3162 4223
Vol (ml) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Graph 5.6 Draining/ pouring characteristics graph

(slate powder 30% by weight and 100 ml simple water)

Discussion: As seen in the graph 5.6 it is observed that

in the first part of the curve from 0 sec to 3005 the
Graph 5.5 Draining/ pouring characteristics graph amount of water collected is proportional to the draining
time, which shows the porous characteristics of filter Discussion: Compare between the 10%, 20% and 30%
paper. concentration of slate powder in 100ml simple water
(make slurry), it shows in the graph no.5.7 is that 30%
The second part of the graph is transient zone, in this slate powder gives better result, it shows that it adheres
part it shows that the change in characteristics from the porous surface of filter paper no 30 up to 4220 sec.
linear to nonlinear is due to the deposition of slate It means it completely filled the pores of filter paper at
powder in the pores of filter paper is maximum. 90% 4220 sec and it is moving towards the opacity from
accumulation has done and moving towards the 4220 sec to 7102 sec. It shows the opaque
opacity. characteristics.
The experiment is done with 10%, 20% and 30%
weight percent of slate powder with 100ml of simple 5.8 Comparison between different concentration of slate
water and using different pore size of filter paper powder (10%, 20% and 30%) and filter paper no 41
such as Whattmann filter paper no. 30 and 41.The
comparative data between these are listed below: Table no. 5.8 time v/s volume of different concentration
of slate powder (10%, 20% and 30%), filter paper no
5.7 Comparison between different concentration of 41, water (100ml)
slate powder (10%, 20% and 30%) and filter paper no
30 Time
(sec) 39 94 171 225 300 406 613
(30%) 0 7 1 0 7 5 3 5  
Table no. 5.7 time v/s volume of different Time
concentration of slate powder (10%, 20% and (sec) 19 73 150 233 316 422
(20%) 0 4 2 1 9 2 3    
30%), filter paper no 30, water (100ml) Time
Time (sec) (sec) 22 60 105 152 208 235 312 385
(30% slate 37 85 149 218 317 422 710 (10% ) 0 3 3 7 8 4 9 2 2
powder) 0 0 8 7 5 3 0 2  
Time (sec) Vol (ml) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 74
(20% slate 24 65 118 171 233 314 469
powder) 0 3 2 0 3 9 0 1  
Time (sec)
(10% slate 19 44 116 158 224 320 385
Different
80 concentration of slate powder, 100ml,
powder ) 0 5 3 795 1 4 6 1 2 41 filter paper
70
Volume 10%,
(ml) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 74 60 100ml,
paper no
50 41
40 20%,
volume of filterarte collected (ml) 100ml,
different slate powder concentration 30
80 paper 41
20 30%,
70 10% slate 100ml,
powder, 10 paper 41
60
100ml 0
50
20% slate 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
40 powder, draining time(sec)
volume of filterate collected (ml) 100ml water
30
20 30% slate Graph 5.8 Draining/ pouring characteristics graph
powder,
10 100ml water
(slate powder 10%, 20%, 30% by weight and 100 ml
0 simple water)
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
draining time(sec)
Discussion: Compare between the 10%, 20% and
30% concentration of slate powder in 100ml simple
Graph 5.7 Draining/ pouring characteristics graph
water (make slurry), it shows in the graph 5.8 is that
(slate powder 10%, 20%, 30% by weight and 100 ml 30% slate powder gives better result. As seen from
simple water) the graph 3 it is observed that the amount of water
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