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Abstract
This is an article on differential geometry that connects metric
tensor with its pullback [1].
Introduction
The motivation for this article is to try to fully understand the pull-
back of a metric tensor for potential applications in quantum gravity,
more specifically in the black hole spacetime physics [2]. In the next
section, we present a roadmap with the main concepts and definitions
connecting metric and its pullback. Some of the prerequisites needed are
listed in the Supplemental Material [3].
∗ All authors with their affiliations appear at the end of this paper.
† Corresponding author: mplobo@uft.edu.br | Join the Open Mathematics Collaboration
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Pullback metric tensor
We have included here a list summarizing the mathematical definitions
in order to have a global view of what is a metric tensor pullback.
4. The metric tensor g is a function on all ordered pairs (v, w), where
v and w are tangent vectors at the point p = (p1, p2, p3) of M ⊂ R3.
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13. F ∗η ∶ A Ð→ T k (A), where each p ∈ A is associated with (F ∗η)(p) ∈
T k (TpA).
14. Thus, for any vectors v1, v2, ⋯, vr ∈ TpA, we defined the covariant
k-tensor
(F ∗η)(p) ∈ T k (TpA)
by
Final Remarks
We hope we provided all the necessary steps to understand the pull-
back of a metric tensor. If the “hole in the black hole conjec-
ture” [2] is correct, perhaps the pullback map F ∗(g) could provide us
the fundamental means to understand the formation of a black hole.
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Open Invitation
Please review, add content, and be a co-author of this article. Join
the Open Mathematics Collaboration. Send your contribution to
mplobo@uft.edu.br.
References
[1] O’neill, Barrett. Elementary differential geometry. Elsevier, 2006.
[2] Lobo, Matheus P. “A Hole in the Black Hole.” OSF Preprints, 18 Apr.
2019. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/js7rf
[5] Warner, Steve. Pure Mathematics for Beginners. GET 800, 2018.
[7] Leon, Steven J., Ion Bica, and Tiina Hohn. Linear algebra with appli-
cations. New York: Macmillan, 1980.
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[9] Lobo, Matheus P. “The Metric Tensor Pullback.” OSF Preprints, 14
May 2019. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/puhzw
Supplemental Material
Definitions
Points, dot product, norm, distance
20. p = (p1, p2, p3) and q = (q1, q2, q3) are points of R3.
21. The dot product of p and q is the number p ⋅ q = p1q1 + p2q2 + p3q3.
22. The norm of p is the number ∥p∥ = (p ⋅ p)1/2 = (p21 + p22 + p23)1/2.
Relation, function
25. Consider the sets A and B.
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32. if f ∶ A → B is bijective, then f −1 ∶ B → A is the inverse of f .
35. The number ⟨v, w⟩ is an inner product between the pair of vectors
v, w in the vector space V .
39. A proper patch is a coordinate patch that has the inverse function
x−1.
Surface, differentiability
40. A surface in R3 is a subset of R3 that is smooth and two-dimensional,
i.e., that satisfies (38) and (39).
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45. The covering axiom states that the images of the patches in P cover
M.
46. The smooth overlap axiom states that ∀x, y ∈ P, y−1x and x−1y
are Euclidean differentiable and defined on open sets of R2.
Metric tensor
53. “A metric tensor is a type of function which takes as input a pair of
tangent vectors v and w at a point of a surface (or higher dimensional
differentiable manifold) and produces a real number scalar g(v, w)
in a way that generalizes many of the familiar properties of the dot
product of vectors in Euclidean space.” [10]
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55. A covariant k-tensor on E is a real-valued multilinear function of k
elements of E
T ∶ E × ⋯ × E Ð→ R.
´¹¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹¸¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¶
k times
T k A = ∏ T k (TpA),
p∈A
η ∶ A Ð→ T k A,