THE RESEARCH PROCESS

I. IDENTIFY ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH

A. Ethical principles that should be considered when doing research

1. Informed consent

2. Beneficence

3. Respect for anonymity and confidentiality

4. Respect for privacy

5. Anonymity and confidentiality

6. Avoid using deceptive practice

7. Participants the right to withdraw

B. Evaluation of the relevance of ethical issues in research

1. Minimize the risk of harm

2. Obtain informed consent

3. Protect anonymity and confidentiality

4. Help avoid deceptive practices

5. Provide participants rights to withdraw

II. DEVELOPING A RESEARCH STRATEGY

A. Research concepts and principles are crucial when developing a research proposal

and project.

1. Identify research approaches

a. The research approach aims to identify the purpose of the research

1) Descriptive approach

2) Diagnostic approach

3) Experimental approach
 4) Explorative approach

B. Identify research methods used to find answers and solutions to research.

1. The use of case studies is to study a particular scenario.

a. Small group

b. An individual

2. Using Experiments to measure the cognitive abilities of people involved in

research

3. Surveys include the collection of data from a large group

4. Use questionnaires to obtain data from a large group

5. Interviews include collecting information form individual

a. Telephone interview

b. Face-to-face interview

c. Skype interview

6. Participant and non-participant observation involve the observation of

people participating in the research and those not participating in the

research

a. Participants observation

b. Non-participants observation

7. Observational trials involve studying a large group of people in their

natural settings

a. Longitudinal approaches

b. Retrospective approach

C. Identify data collection methods

 1. Use questionnaires to collect data from your target audience

2. Obtain data from interviews conducted on the target audience

3. Use observation to collect data from participants and non-participants

4. Obtain data from documents and record

5. Use surveys to collect data

D. Choose data analysis methods

1. Qualitative data analysis

a. Discourse analysis

b. Content analysis

2. Quantitative analysis

a. Statistical method analysis

III. IDENTIFY QUALITATIVE, QUANTITATIVE, MIXED, AND ACTION

RESEARCH METHODS.

A. The qualitative research method is used when collecting non-numerical data.

1. Qualitative data is descriptive

a. Data expressed in words

b. Use open-ended questions

c. Analyzed through summary, interpretation, and category

d. Formulate theories

e. Requires few participants

2. List Qualitative data collection methods

a. Literature reviews obtained from other researches

b. Interview from participants

 c. Discussions from focus groups

d. Case studies about an individual, group, organization and an event

e. Ethnography which is participation in community and

organizational activities for a period to observe behavior or culture

B. The quantitative research method is used when collecting data that can be

measured numerically.

1. Quantitative data are descriptive or experimental

a. Expressed in numbers, tables, and charts

b. Requires many participants

c. Analyzed through math and statistical analysis

d. Test hypotheses and theories

2. List quantitative data collection methods

a. Surveys

b. Content analysis

c. Experiments

d. Observations

C. Mixed methods research involves methods, study techniques, approaches of both

quantitative and qualitative research methods.

1. List Mixed methods data collection methods

a. Questionnaires

b. Focus groups

c. Physical data

d. Archived data
 e. Observation

f. Secondary data

g. Tests

D. Action research methods involve the use of qualitative and quantitative

approaches separately or combine.

1. List action research data collection methods

a. Non-participant observation

b. Questionnaires

c. Video recordings

d. Semi-structured interviews

e. Observation

f. Survey

g. Journals

IV. IDENTIFY RESEARCH DESIGNS, METHODOLOGIES, ANALYSIS, AND

MEASUREMENT STRATEGIES USED IN RESEARCH PROJECT.

1. List of research designs

a. Descriptive research design

b. Explanatory research design

c. Casual research design

d. Experimental research design

e. Diagnostic research design

f. Correlational research design

2. List of methodologies

a. Experiments

b. Focus groups

c. Interviews

d. Surveys

e. Observations

f. Case studies

g. Questionnaires

3. List of data analysis

a. Qualitative data analysis

1) Narrative analysis

2) Grounded theory analysis

3) Content analysis

4) Discourse analysis

b. Qualitative data analysis

1) Inferential analysis

2) Descriptive analysis

4. List of data measurements

a. Ration

b. Nominal

c. Interval

d. Ordinal